INKHÂRKHIP LEIIN THÎNA A TLÂWMPHA AM?

~ V L Renga Hriler

Coronavirus hripui hin khawvêl nasatakin a sawi hnîng a. Hi virus laka in vêng dân ding le in enkawl dân ding thuneitu hrang hrang a inthawk thusuok hi nitin deuthawin a thar hmu ding a um a, chuonglaizing chun, hi natna hri le inzawma ngâidân ṭha tak tak thusep ziek le hril khawm minute tin deu thawin a thar hmu ding a um bawk. International, national, regional le local news channel le nîtin chanchinbu (newspaper)-ahai khawm thuthar dang hrim hrim en ding le tiem ding a um ta nawh. Khawvêl natna lai po povah Covid – 19 nêka ziek hlaw râwn, hril hlaw râwn, video tâwi (clip) siem râwn hi khawvêla la um naw nih ti inla ei ti suol ring a um nawh.

Minute tin darkar tina mitinin ei hriet nuom chu, chu ram kha ram ah Covid–19 hri vawi iengzâm an um tah a? iengzâm an thi tah a? iengzâm an damsuok? tihai hi a ni deu tak. Thlakhat veng vawng mâni in senga inkharkhipin hun ei hmanga tah, mi tamtak chu ei nîtin nun dânhai khawm ei inhmang ti ti deu tah niin an lang. Covid-19-in khawvel a hung run hmaa nitin thuhthar (news) hluo bit tu: inthat, insuom, intuolvuok, accident tihai hin hmun an chang ve ta naw am? thuthar ding a um ta nawh? Chuong ang bawkin, thangko thu hin ei whatsapp le news portal ah hmun a chang ve ta nawh am, ziek ding a um nawh? Thuthar ziek ding um naw lei a ni hlau chun thil lawm um tak nîng a tih.

Covid-19 leiin India chu ni sâwmthum zet khârkhipin a um tah a, hi hun sûng hin thîna pangngâi a thi (Covid-19 lei ni lo) hi a tlahnuoi hle nia hriet a nih. Delhi hmuna inrâwna hmun (crematorium) a sinthawhai hril dân chun 40% de thawin mithi raw ding an dawng hi a tlahnuoi niin an hril. A umzie chu nitin mithi 10 raw ding um hlak kha, inkhârkhip leiin mithi 6 vêl chau a um hlak tina a nih. Chuong ang bawkin, Hinduhai hmun pawimaw Varanasi-a Ganga vadung kama mithi rawna hmunhai a khawm mithi an tlâwm tâk thu an hril bawk a nih. Mi ṭhenkhat a inthawk chanchin ei hriet dânin ei ram tieng khawm inkhârkhip sung hin khuo ṭhenkhata chu nit dang angin mithi an um inzing bêk bêk nawh tiin an hril. Chun, whatsapp group le facebook group-ahâi khawm thangko hmu ding an khât deu niin an lang bawk.

Inkhârkhip sûng hin Covid-19 lei ni lo, natna amani, thil dang leia thi hi iengleia tlâwm am ni tâng a ta? Ei thi ding hun ei theinghil tâwl am an tah? tia fiemthaw awl nuom hle?  Hospital (Covid-18 hospital ni lo), Nursing Home le Private Clinic-hai hlak an khar vawng bawk sia, damnaw enkawl theinaw leia thi tam deu deu awm tak si? Ţhenkhat hril dân chun hi hun sûng hin motor tlân amani, sinthaw an um naw leiin changsuol (accident) a umnaw ang tluk a nia, chun, zurui amani, misuol invâk vêl an um naw leiin tuol that a tlawm niin an hril. Crematorium a thawkhai chun mithi sâwm ah (10) pahni (2) vêl hi changsuol (accident), amani, inthat lei niin an hril. Accident leia thina tuok hi hmun dang danga in ang vawng kher naw nih. An leh, zawna pawimaw tak chu inkhârkhip hmaa mithi sâwm (10) peia paruk (6) chu natna pangngai leia thi an ni a, pahni (2) chu accident lei a ni chun pahni (2) dang chu ieng lei am ni tâng a ta? Hril dan danga chun, mithi 100 peia 20 hi iengleia thi am ni tâng a ta? ti hi zâwna pawimaw tak el a hung ni ta nih?


Covid-19 hripui hung inlêng ṭan a inthawk khan hri laka invengna dingin hospital (Covid-19 enkawltu ni lo) le nursing home tamtak chu an OPD (Out Patient Dept) an khâr a, emergency a khawm natna inrik tak an ni naw chun an admit nawh. Moreh Civil Hospital-a chun kâwngna, phîngna tihai chu emergency ah khawm an lâk nuom nawh. Chuong ang bawkin, private clinic tamtak khawm an inkhâr nghâl a nih. Inkhârkhip ṭan a inthawk khan sawrkâr hospital-ahhai khawm OPD an khâr a, damnaw admission an khâr bawk a, emergency chau an hawng a nih. Hienga hospital-a in enkawl thei khawm ni ta bawk si lo, iengleia mithi zât hi tlahnuoi thei am ana?

Khawvel mihriem ei hung changkâng deu deu a, ei hrisêlna khawm ei hung ngâi pawimaw deu deu a nih. Chuong ang bawkin, thiemna khawm a hung insâng deu deu a, hrietna a hung zau deu deu a, sumdawngna khawm a hung zau deu deu bawk. Chuleiin, mihriem hrisêlna enkawlna khawm hi sumdâwngna hnâr ṭhatak (commercialization of health care) a hung ni taa nih. Mihriem hrisêlnaa sumdawngna hi thil hlâwk tak a hung ni tâk lei hin medical profession mamawna (demand) a hung insang deu deua, doctor ni nuom ei hung tam deu deu bawk a, chuong ang pei chun Private Medical College khawm a hung pung thûr thûr a nih. Private college a kâi ding chun thiem lei ni bêk bêk lo sum pe râwn thei theiin MBBS admission an hmu hlak niin an hril a nih. Hienghai hi private hospital, nursing home le clinic-ah an thawk deu tak. Mihriemin ei hrisêlna ei hung ngâipawimaw tah êm leiin damna ding a ni phawt chun sum tamtak seng khawm ei hung pawi ti ta nawa, chuleiin, doctor tamtak chu sawrkâr khuokhirna hnuoia thawk nêkin private clinic siem amani,  private hospital- ai thawk an thlang lem a nih.

Private hospital a thawk doctor-hai hi an thawkna hospital thuneituhaiin thlakhat sûnga an sum lamlût ding zât (target) an siem pêk hlak niin an hril hlak. Hieng a ni lei hin damnaw in enhai hi test ṭul mang lo khawm natna suina ding (investigation) tiin test tamtak anin thaw tir a, ṭul lo deua ât (operation) thaw khawm tamtak an um hlak niin chinchâng hre deuhai chun an hril hlak. Hieng hin damnaw pa amani, damnaw nu chun sum tamtak a sêng el chau ni lovin a taksa bung le châng, hrisel zing lâi chu suksietin a um hlak a, thina chen khawm tuok tamtak an um hlak niin mi ṭhenkhat chun an hril. Hrisêlna enkawlna le inzawma sumdâwngna (commercialization of health care) kawnga hin damdâwi siemtu / zawrtu (pharmaceutical company)-hai khawm an bâng bîk nawh. Doctor le hospital-a thuneituhai leh inzawmin damdawi siem thara umhai zawrna kawngah inkuongkaina inthûktak nei nia hriet an nih.

Thil sui mi ṭhenkhat chun mithi za peia 20 (20%) hi doctor-hospital-pharmaceutical-haiin hrisêlna inekawlna kawngah sumdawngnaa an hmang nasat leia thîna tlung nia hriet a nih. Hi kei hin, private hospital le private clinic-haiin damnaw enkawl an châwlsan hrie lei le damdawi siem pawlhaiin an damdawi siemtharhai an zawr theinaw leia inkharkhip hun laia thîna tlahnuoia nia hriet a nih.

(Inphatna (disclaimer): Private hospital ta phawt le doctor ta phawtin mihriem hrisêlna hi sumdâwngnain an hmang kher nawa, hmangaina leia sum tlawmte sênga damnaw enkawl khawm tamtak an um a nih)

CORONAVIRUS – LOCKDOWN LE HMÂRHÂI - II (Ei ṭobul ah kîr nâwk ei tiu)

~ V L Renga Hriler

“Do not save what is left after spending; instead spend what is left after saving.”

~ Warren Buffett

'Zote tiksie' ti hi Zote pahnamhai ni na (identity) pakhat a nih a, ieng leia hi nina hi pêk a um am an ni a? ti ruok chu ringdân (theory) tamtak a um. Tulai ṭhangtharhai ruok chun Zote-hâi inren an thiem leia hi nina (title) hi pek an nih an ti ve thung. Fâk-le-dâwn thua ei pi-le-puhai thupui (principles) ‘Mani Intodel’ khawm hi Zote-hâi Economic Policy a inthawka an inchûk sâwng ni dinga ring pâwl khawm an um a nih. Chuleiin, Zote Economic Policy hi khawsak rêl bâwl dân pawimaw êm êm el a ni bâk ah, tulai lockdown a ding lem chun a pawimaw zuol takzet a nih.

Ei thusep hmasa khan sum lam lût le hmang dân riruong a pawimaw zie (budgeting) le indikna (ethics) pawimaw zie ei hril tah a, tuta ṭum chu ei boruok tawng le inhme deuvin lockdown lâia khawsak rêl bâwl dân, abîkin khawpuia sinthawa umhai ta dingin ei thei ang angin ziek ei tum a nih. Khawpuia khawsak dân ei ziek hmain ei ṭhalaihai khawpui tieng zuona a sîng têl an fe hi ieng lei am a ni a tihai hi la hei sui vak ei tih.

India in 1991 khan Economic Policy thar Economic Liberalisation – Privatisation le Globalization a hung hmang ṭan a, sawrkar khuokhirna hnuoia industries  tamtak chu sukzalênin private company-hai lût a hung phal a, chuong ang bawkin, a ramsunga sumdawngna kawt chu  ramdang company-hai ta dingin a hawnga, Multi National Company (MNC) tamtak an hung lût a, hi lei hin India khawpui dang danga BPO, Sales Executive, Hostess, Beauty Parlor, Spa, Delivery Boy, Security Guard le a dang dangah sin tamtak a hung ruok a a nih. Hi sinruokhai hi ṭhalai tamtak khawpui tienga Hiptu (Pull factor) hrât taka a hung inchanga, chuonglaizing chun, ei ram tieng sin thaw ding vâng le ram buoina chu Nawrtu (Push factor) a hung ni ve thunga, hi Hiptu-Nawrtu lei hin ṭhalai tamtak, lekha thiem leh a thiem naw leh, khawpui tieng sin thaw thei ang ang thaw dingin an fe sup sup anih. Inhmaa sawrkar sin thaw ding le lêkha inchûk ding chau a khawpui zuonhlak kha tuhin chu sin thaw ding a sâng têlin kumtin ei zuon an tah.

Indian economic system hi Socialist Economy a inthawk Capitalist Economy ah an tawl lut mêk a nih. A umzie chu a ram hausakna vantlâng kuta um hlak kha mimal kutah an tawl lût mêk a nih. Socialist thiltum chu ‘mipui ta ding’ ti a ni a, Capitalist thil tum ruok chu ‘mimal ta ding a hlawk thei ang tak’ ti a a ni thung. A chunga ei hril, Economic Liberalization – Privatisation le Globalization khawm khi Capitalist thu fe pui (principle) a inghat anih. Company-hai hrim hrim, Indian company nisien, foreign company nisien, an thil tum chu ‘A hlawk thei angtaka sumdâwng’ (profit making) anih. An hlâwkna ding ani phawt chun inro an nei nawa, hmangaina khawm an nei bêk bêk nawh. Hi principles hi company chau ni lo, ei ni lai mimal sumdawngnaahai khawm ei hmangna sa hle tah. Mani ei hlawk phawt chun midang chu thi derhai sienkhawm pawi ti lo ei pung tuol tuol anih.

Ei hriet seng angin Covid 19 leiin khawvêl chu khârkhipin a um mêk a, chu lai chun ei ram India khawm tarik 23 April 2020 zân a inthawk khan ni 21 sung a ram pumpui kharkhip a nih. Tuhin ni 19 dang (May ni 3 chen) pawtsei nawk a nih. Hi khêl tieng khawm hi khârkhip a la ni pei dîm ti hi hriet an tak ta khawp el. Khârkhip leia ei ram hausakna a kâkhâwk dân ding hi ei ni thingtlang pa hisâpna chau an nawh, mithiemhai khawma a nghawng dân ding hi an la hisap thei tak tak naw a nih. Amiruokchu, mitinin an pawm chu khawvêl economy hi nasataka sawinghîngin a um ding a nih ti hi a nih. 

Opinion Poll pakhatin a sûina a chun inkhârkhip lei hin India economy chu nasatakin a tlahnuoi ding a nih an tih. Nakie Financial Emergency chen khawm tlung thei dinga ngâipâwl khawm an um a nih. Mi thiem ṭhenkhat chun khârkhip leia India-in a chân ding hi USA dollar 120 billion or 4 % GDP  vêl ni dingin an ring. Chuong ang bawkin India rama company lien deuhai sum lam lut (revenue) khawm nasatakin tlahnuoi a ta, mitamtakin sin an chan  pha bawk ding a nih tiin an hril. Coronvirus le lockdown leia sin chân ding hi company tin deu thawin 25 % vêl ni dingin an ring a nih. Company CEO ṭhenkhat chun an sinthawtu 15 % a inthawk 25 % vel bêk inchâwl tir an ngai ding thu an hril bawk. Tu chena chu, lockdown leiin India rama company liena inlang hlakhai khawm an sinthawtuhai an lo sawr dân a hung inlang ṭuk ṭuk a, company tenau ang lek an lo ni thu mi ṭhekhat chun an hril. A umzie chu sin thawtuhai hi sin det (job security) le hlawkna (benefits) nei mumal lova ran (animawl) ang leka an lo sawr mei mei dânhai Covid 19 hin a hung pho lang nasa hle a nih. 

Company le a ram mipuihai harsatna phuhruk ding hin Sawrkar le RBI chun hma an lâk mêk a, an hmalâk laia pakhat chu bank a sum pûktuhai thla thum sung instalment pêk châwl (moratorium) phal pêk an ni thu hi a nih. Entirna dingin home loan amani, car loan, personal loan thla 20 sung thung ding i la nei a ni chun, i nuom chun tuhin thla thum sung âwlin thla thum zovah i pêk ṭan nawk thei a nih. A umzie chu thla 23 sung pêkna ding hun i la nei tina a ni chu. Amiruokchu, hi thil hin a sumpui pung (interest) thla thum sunga mi pek belsap a ṭul ding leiin mitamtak sawisêl a hlaw hle. Aw leh, lockdown le inzawma mipuihai sawmdâwlna ding sawrkar hmalâknahai le a ram pumpui economy a sâwi nghîng dân ding hril ding tam tak um sienkhawm chu tieng chu ei hril tum tak a ani naw leiin la dittawk phawt ei tih. 

Khawpuia sinthawhai hi pâwl (group) thuma ṭhe thei a nih:
(1) Multi National Company (MNC) le National Company puitlingtak (Organised Sector):    Sawrkar hrietpui, dân le dûn ṭhatak nei le thawktu khawm ṭhahnem tak nei. Hi pawl (group) hi pahni a ṭhe nâwk a nih: (i) thawktu 100 neka tam nei, vuongna (aviation) khuolzin (travel), thilsiem (manufacturing), dawr inzawmkhawm (retail),  (ii) thawktu 20 – 100 nei: call centres, hotel industry le a dang dang.

(2) Mimal amani, sungkuota company chîn (private enterprise):. Dâwr, restaurant, spa; thawktu 2-10 nei. Sawrkar hrietpui le hrietpui lo, dân le dûn nei mumal lo. A umzie chu provident fund, medical facilities le a dang dang thawktuhai hamṭhatna nei le nei lo an um nuk.

(3) Nitina inhlawfa (marginal workers):  Dân le dûn an nei naw a, sin thaw ding an zawngfâwm hlak. Rikshaw khaltu, mistiri, siehlaw le a dang dang.

Hieng a chunga ei hril langhai a khin ei ni Hmar nauhai, abîkin North East mihai chu (1) (ii) Organised sector, thawktu 20 – 100 nei le  pahnina (2) Private company chîn a thawk ei ni tâwl deu fur. Company lien hieng Reliance, Tata, Microsoft, Google, etc a thawk hi chu ei la um meu naw a, chuong ang bawkin, nîtina inhlawfa hi khawpuia ei um naw niin an langa, ei khuo tieng ruokchu ei tam hle thung.  Company lien a chu Aviation Industry (airlines) le khuolzin mi enkawl (hospitality) a thawk hi ṭhahnem tawk tak ei um ve tah. Lockdown leiin aviation company-hai chun sum tamtak anin hmanga, thawktuhai hlaw hlep thlak pêk (cut) le bân ṭhe dân an ngaituo mêk niin ṭhenkhat chun an hril. Organised sector hieng MNC le retailer a thawkhai khawm hi ngaituo an um bêk bêk naw lai zingin, CEO ṭhenkhat chun 15- 25 % vel bêk thawktu hi bân ṭhe an ngâi ding thu an hril bawk a nih. BPO a thawkhai ṭhenkhat ruok chu mâni in ah sin an thaw thei (work from home) leiin harsatna an tuok bêk bêk ring a um nawh. Private company chîn tham hieng dawr, restaurant, spa, parlour le a dang danghai hi an sumdawngna a chât tawp leiin sum lam lût a um ta nawa, a neituhai chau buoi lovin an thawktuhai khawm hlaw an pêk thei ring a um ta nawh. Hi sector hi ei ni mi tamna a ni leiin mi tamtak hlaw nei lovin an um ding a ni a, chuleiin, Nu le Pahai khawma thlatina sum le pai in nauhaiin an thawn hlak kha an thawn thei ta naw ding cheu ana,  chuleiin, ei hriet thiem an ṭul ding a nih.

Lockdown lei hin khawpuia um North East mi tamtakin sum-le-pâi  harsatna ei tuok ṭan mêk a, hnam, khawtlâng le kohran ṭhuoituhai chun an mi-le-sahai an thei ang anga sawmdâwl tumin hma an lak mêk a nih. Anachu, ieng chen am mi ṭhahnemngâihai sum dêngkhawm hin a dai ding ti hi thil ngaituo um tak a ni tah. Sawrkâr le NGO ṭhenkhat chun fâk ding bufai, dâl le têlhai semin hma an lak mêk a, annihai khawm hin ieng chen am an sem thei ding hriet an nawh. Inhluo man chungchang a khawm, Sawrkâr tienga thu neituhai, Ministry of Housing Affairs chun inneitu (land lord)-hai tukhawm inhluoman thakhat sung ṭhin lo ding le tu khawm inhluohai hnawtdawk lo dingin thusuok a siem a, hi  dân bawsiehai chu hrem thei an ni thu khawm an hril. Sienkhawm  inhluo man ṭhin mêk tamtak an um tah a hriet a nih. Sawrkar kuoma hêka insukbuoi nêkin ṭhenkhat chun an Uṭawk tûr vawn a, a ṭhenin sum nei ang ang annawleh, mi ta pûk a pêk an thlang lem bawk a nih.

Aw leh tuhuna ei pawimawtak pakhat chu inhmang thiem  ti hi a nih. Sinthawna in ang seng seng, sum lam lût zât in ang seng seng, sum hmusuok ang ang sikthlaa siekhawlna chang lo hrie le hrie nawhai chu Bible a nunghâk inthieng sawm an khawnvar chawia mo neitu tuokhai ang kha an ni ta ding a nih. Nunghak var pangâhâi anga mani hlawsuok a mi tlâwm a zawng sikthlaa lo siekhawl hlakhai chu thlakhat thlahni lockdown lei hin fâk-le-dâwn thil le inhluoman ah an buoi ring a um nawh. Amiruokchu, inretna châng hrie lo le sikthlakna châng hrie lohai chu an buoi si ṭan mêk a nih. Private a sinthaw, hril ni khuoa hlaw tamtak neia inhril hlak si, lockdown thlakhat khawm an vawi hmaa sum pûk ding mamaw nghâl ei inkat nuk el a, hi hin khawsak rêl bâwl ei thiemnaw zie a tarlang chieng hle.

Chuleiin, sum hmang dânhai fimkhur nawk zuol a ṭul takzet. Zote Economic Policy (ei ṭobul) angin ei neisunhai Inret taka hmang le nitin mamaw (basic needs) ding nei chun lung la suk âwi phawt ding a nih. Nikhata fâk le dâwna ei sum hmang hlak khawm a thei china sukhnuoi hrâm hrâm ṭha hleng a tih. Entirna dingin bufai (rice) kg 1 x Rs 40 hi patling ni 3 fâk a nih a, Atta kg 1 x Rs 34 hi patling ni 6/7 fâk a nit hung. Hme khawm a mamaw tlâwm a, pickles le rîkngawt khawm an fâk thei a nih. Atta hi North East India a chu pasie bu (poor man’s food) ei ti hlak a, amiruokchu, hmun danga chu an ring tak a ni bâk ah, taksa ta ding khawmaa hrisêl lem a nih. Chun, fâk le dâwnhai khawm a ṭhing peihâwn zêl zûl lova, Zote Tiksie policy hmanga, mani fâk tâwk pei inret taka suong hlak ding a nih.  Thlâi suong pei naw leia puo tienga mi a hminsa (zomato, pizza, swiggy) incha (order)-hai khawm damnawna lei ani ngawt naw chun insum hrâm hrâm a ṭha. Chun, delivery system hi Covid 19 laka a him nawh.

Life Insurance a sum siekhawl (savings) dâm hi a ṭha em em. Tukhawm hin Covid 19 leiin Sawrkar chun Unit-Linked Insurance (Ulip) neihai chu mani hringna  siekham zât a sumpui 25 % chen laksuok ṭhen a phal a nih. A lâksuok dan le a sumpui a suk danglam dân tamtak um sienkhawm hieng anga lo siekhawl tu chu a sum le pâi harsatna a phuhruk pek ngêi ring a um.

A tâwp taka ding chun Pathien iengkim thawthei ringtuhai ei ni hi iengtiklâi khawm theinghil lova, harsatna namên lo tuok châng khawma Ama bêl tlat tu ei ni hi a pawimaw takzet. Chun, natna laka invengna dingin taksa insuk hrât a ṭul a, chuleiin, fâk ding ei lo nei remchang naw a ni khawma ngheia chau si nêkin hotuhai kuoma inthlahrung dêr lova intlun kha hadamna a nih A thei chun mani hmun nei remchâng ang anga taksa insâwizawi a ṭha hle bawk. Tiemtuhai Covid 19 laka himna dinga thusuokhai ṭhataka zâwm tu ni seng dingin ka ditsak cheu.

CORONAVIRUS LE HMARHAI

~ V L Renga Hriler

Nikhat lai khan China khawpui pakhat Shenzen ah ui sa le mengte sa, zawr le fâk an khap bur el tah. China hin inhma met khan rûl, lâiking, tangkawng, bâk, sihal, le rannung dang dang sa zawr le fâk a lo khap ta bawk. Ei rama hin khap ni ve sien iem aw ei chang ding? ti chu zawna pawimaw tak a nih.

Ei hriet seng angin Covid 19 hri hung inṭanna chu bâk (bat) sa fâk lei niin mithiemhai chun an hril. Mithiem ṭhenkhat nawk thung chun bâk a inthawk chau nilovin hi hripui hi bâk le rûl natna chi khat inchekpawl (strains) mihriem a inkâi zap niin an hril ve thung. A danghai hril nawk dan chun bâk a inthawk rannung chi khat pangolin an tih ah a kâi a, pangolin a inthawk mihriema a kai nia hril pawl khawm an um. Mihriem ah a kâizap ta chun bâk natna kha mihriem natna a hung ni ve tah a, mihriem le mihriem kar ah awlsam tak a inkaizap thei a hung ni ve tah a nih. Covid 19 natna hrik hi mihriem taksaa a lût hin mihriemhai natna hrik laka lo vengtu thivâr (white blood) hin a la hmêlhrietngâinaw leiin hnetakin a lo do zo ngâinawa, mi tamtakin an inrikpui êm êm a, an hringna chen khawm an chân pha hiel a nih tiin mithiemhai chun an hril.

Rannung chi dang dang hieng vate, ramsa le ran ina vâihâi hin natna hrik (virus) - hritlâng, inkhul - hi an nei ve seng a nih. Chinese-hai hi rannung chi dang dang sa, a sel a fa hmang an ni leiin hieng ang natna hi an rama a hluor bîk hrim a nih. Tu chena rannung a inthawk mihriem a natna inkâi sâwng China a inthawka in ṭan chu Birds flu, SARS (Acute Respiratory Syndrome bâk a inṭan) le Coronavirus (Covid 19)-hâi hi an nih.

Shenzen khawpuiin ui le mêngte sa zawr le fâk a khap thu news a ka tiem lai hin ka lungrila hung inlang hmasatak chu ei ni râwi sa du zie, ei sadukai zie le mihriem sa an naw phawt chun ei fâk nuom vawng zie tihai hi a nih. Mihriem amani, rannung natna suitu le enkawltu tieng thiemna nei ni naw lang khawm, minaran (laymen) thlîrna tukver a inthawkin ei thei ang angin ei hnam khawsak zie le inzuolin ei thlîr ve ding a nih.

Kum 1988 kha niin ka hriet a, Tuiṭhaphai ruom ah bawng pûl hri an leng a, bawnghai chu an phîng a hung pûm a, sawt lovin an thi el hlak a nih. Video le news ah ei hmu Covid 19 hriin mi a man, khawlai dunga an tlu tawp tawp ang el hin bâwng ṭhenkhat chu an chêngna bûk tlung zo ta lova an ram tlatna hmuna thi el khawm tamtak an um a nih.  Khâng hun lai khan sawrkar a feltâwk naw lei am, a mihriemhai kha ei la mâwl lei, an pûl nasan kha hrilfie amani, ran daktawrin an enkawl kha hriet ding a um nawh. Kei ni khawm kan bâwng pakhat a thi nghe nghe. Khâng hun lai khan pasiet leia sa hme phâk lo an tam lei am? inchâwk ding a vâng? sa inrâwpna kha a nasa ngang nîng a ta, tlangvâl hawn ṭhenkhatin hieng bawng pûl sa hi an chana an hme a nih. Chu chau chu an nawh, bawng pûl ṭhenkhat phûm ta hnung chu cho suokin a sa ṭhatna lâi hlep thlaa hme pawl khawm an um an ti a nih.

Ȃr pûl ding khawm hi an hung zawi a, bu an chuk pei nawa, sawt lovin an pûl el hlak. Sungkuo tamtakin chun âr pûl sa hi an pawisa nawa, naupang leh a tar a zuorin an hme hlak. Ȃr pûl hri hi rannung hri inleng laia chu an lêng ngûn pâwl tak niin an lang. Ȃr pûl hri hi Sâp ṭawng chun bird flu / avian flu an tih a, a medical hming chu H5N1 a nih. Hi pûl hri hi vate amani, âr a inthawk mihriem inkaisawng thei a ni a, mihriem le mihriem inkaisawng ruok chu tu chen hin hriet ding a la um nawh. Ȃr êk, âr mit, hnar le baua inthawka tui suokhai a hin inkâi thei a nih. Ȃr pûl hri hi khawvel hmun dang danga an lêng hlaka, mi tamtakin an thipui hlak a nih. Kum 1997 khan China le Hongkong lâi nasatakin an lêng a, Hongkong sawrkâr chun âr, varak, vaki le vate dang dang nuoi sâwm panga lâi an thata ab raw hmang vawng a nih.

Ui sa hi anhnik zie hrietu deu fur nîng ei tih. Chuong lai zing chun mi ṭhenkhat chun an tirdak êm êm ve thung. Mikhuol amani, ruol ei ditsak bîk deuhai bu ei fâkpui pha chun ui sa ei hme pui deu tak hlak. Morocco rama nâwk thung chu sakawr sa an hme pui hlak. Chuleiin, ui man a tova, ui sa man a to nawk zuola, inchawk ding hmu zing ding khawm a vâng hle a nih. Ei ni chau ei ni nawh, Asia hmarsak ram China, Korea, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia le Vietnam-hai khawma an du hle. Korea-hai hi hmarcha thak hme ngâi lo hnam an ni a, anachu, Hmar-pa uisa chartang suong chu thlansaphuolkaiin an hme ve puok puok el, an du ngang chu nîng a tih. Ei ni rawi chu, hei ti nâwk ei tih, ui sa pângngâi khêl met, ui invêt sa khawm hme hnam ei ni nawk tlat el. Ui invêtin mihriem a se chun inenkawl ṭhat a ṭul hlea, a hun taka inenkawl naw lem chun thi ngêi ngêina hri a nih. Ui invêt  hri (rabies) hi mihriem ta dinga a ṭi umzie hi hril ngai lova hrie tu vawng ei nih. Chun, ui hin hri (flu), vawk puol hri (swine flu) le inang H1N1 natna an nei ve a, tu chena hin chu mihriema an kâi zap hriet ding a la um hrie nawh. Hienghai baka hin hnam dang neka sadukai zawnga ei kâwlhrâwngna tamtak hril ding a la um a chu hril vawng seng ta nawm ei nih.

Hmarhai sadukai zie hrilfie ding lo nisien “Khawvel a vate, ramsa, ran vâi; ke pahni nei, ke pali nei; hming i hriet zât zât hril rawh, Hmar nauhaiin an hme ngâilo chu kut para thliek khawp chau ning a tih” ti inla inkhêl bêk dingin ring a um nawh. Amiruokchu, ei thil fâk a inthawk natna hrik a la suok ve naw nasan hi ei sa fâkhai hi ṭhataka mei a raw hmin amani, ei suong hmin hlak lei hi ni dingin ring a um. Chuonglai zing chun lo insukphawk nuom leia ui that zo hlim thisen a lum lâi ngêi dawn nuom pâwl, uṭawk, mazu, khau le a dang dang meia ur deu phuol a hei beng el hlak hi ei tam. Iengtikam aw ei thil fak a inthawk hin pûl hri hi a hung inleng ve ding ti hi ngaituo tham a tling a nih. Coronavirus leiin Chinese-haiin khawvêl hmun dang danga deusawna an tuok a, ei ni North East mihai khawmin India khawpui dang danga ei lo tuok pha ve a nih. Ei thil fâk leiin Hmar hnam a inthawk pûl hri a lo hung suok pal hlau chun a pawi de aw ti bâk chu hril ding um ta naw ni a, khawvêl umsûng chawr dawk nâwk ni um thei dingin ring a um ta naw bawk.

Dr Randeep Guleria, Pulmonologist, Director, AIIMS, Delhi chun khawel huop natna hri (pandemic) hi vawihni an leng tah a, vawikhatna chu Spain Flu 1918 a ni a, khawvel mihriem nûi zanga (5,00,00,000) in an thipui a nih. A pahnina a ding chun Coronavirus hi a nih. Spanish Flu hun lai nêk khan khawvêl inhrietpawna an sang ta leiin Corovirus in a nghawng dân hi danglam a, mihriemin hrisêlna kawngah an khawvêl thlîr dân nastakin a suk danglam ding a nih tiin a hril a. Coronavirus hripui lêng hin Hmar nauhai khawm a ei sa fâk nuomhai, ei fâk nuom dân le fak le dâwn thila hrilsêlna tieng ei khawvel thlîrna hi nasataka ei thlâk danglam a ṭul takzetin an lang.

EI ŢOBUL AH KIR NȂWK EI TIU - I (FȂK LE DȂWN THIL AH-1)

~ V L Renga Hriler

Ei pi le puhai khan fâk le dâwn zawng dân thua an thupuitak (economic principle)  chu ‘Mani a intodel’ (self reliant) hi a nih.  Zîng ni suok le zântieng ni tlâk hnawtin sin an thawa, kum khat khawp tawk thlo suok tumin ṭhang an lâk hlak. An ngaituonaa ‘kut daw’ lungril an put ngâinaw nawa, kut daw hlak a nih ti khawm an hriet nawh. Chu nêk hmanin sawmdâwl ngaihai sawmdâwl thei tu ni an tum tlat hlak. A tâwizâwngin, fâk hmu khawp dingin taimâk an tum senga, thabo sinthaw peilo ni chu thil inzakum ah an ngâi a nih.

Ei pi le puhai hun lai khan fâk zawng dân um sun chu tlâng lo amani, tui lo nei a nih. Lova an ching bu le thlaihna chu an an ringtak a nih.  Sin an thaw nasa leiin an dam laia pasalṭha nina (title) chang theihai chu Pielral ah a faisa (bu hminsa) ring ding ti ngaidân an nei leiin pasalṭha ni chu tlangval taphawt thil inhawk le thil tum (aim in life) a nih. Pasalṭha ni ding chun mitaima, huoisen le tlawmngâi thei ni a ṭul a, mi thabo le dâwizep ta ding chun chu nina chu chang thei an nawh. Vawisunnia ei khawvel hmang mêk a ruok hin chu fâk zawng dân chi hrang hrang tamtak a um tah a, mi thabohai ta ding khawma khêl hrila fâk zawng dân khawm tamtak a um tah. Kut sinthaw ei hung tlawm deu deuva, sawrkar sin thaw le sumdawngmi (business) ei hung ṭhahnem ve ta hle a, khawpui tienga private company a sinthaw khawm ei pung hrat hle bawk. Zotlang tienga ṭhalaihai ti lo ṭhalaihai a tam lem chu a faisa ring deu vawng ei ni tah ti inla inkhêl naw nih.

Hmar ram economy hei ti dingin ram tia hril ding tak tak ei la nei ve naw leiin khawtlâng le insung economy ei thlir tlâng ding ni raw seh. Economy ti Sâp thumal hi “Khawsak rêl bâwl dân” ti inla indik deu tak a tih. Mizo fiemthu thiem Thangkurain Vâi ṭawng chu “Areh le achha in kar a mi vawng a nih” a ti ang deuvin economy chu a awlsam dântakin sum lamlut zât le hmang zât inkâr thu a ni deu tak. Sum lamlûtna ṭhatak nei, amiruokchu, a hmang dan thiem lo, sum lamlutna mumal nei lo a hmang dân khawm thiem bawk lo hi thil um thei a  ni a, chuleiin, sum lamlûtna thatak siem le thiemtaka hmang chu khawsak rêlbâwl dân indik tak a nih.

Khawsak rêlbâwl dân pawimawhai thupui pahni chau hei thilr tlâng ei tih:

Sum lamlut le hmang dan ding riruong (Budget) – Hmar nauhai lai hin thla khat amani, kum khat sunga sum lamlûtna ding le hmang dan ding (budget) fel taka siem hlak hi iengzâm um ei tih aw? Thla bia hlaw nei, nitina fâkfâwm zawng, sumdawnga fâkzawng khawm ni inla, sungkuo budget  siemnachang hrie iengzâm um ei tih aw? Mani insung thlakhat khawrsaw mamaw zat sût hlak hi sungkuo iengzâm um ei tih aw? Nachang hrie lo hi zaa sawmkuo vel deu thaw ei um ka zuk ringa, chu chun ei hnam economy ngîrhmun ding iemani chen an hriet thei a nih. Charles Dicken a tienami ziek ‘David Copperfield’ a Mr Micawber-in hlimna thuruk a hril “Sum lamlût zât Rs 1000,  hmang zât Rs 990; a rasuok hlimna. Sum lamlût zât Rs 1000, hmang zât Rs 1010; a râsuok harsatna” hi economy thu bulpui chu a nih. A umzie chu mani sum lamlût zat nêka tam ei hmang chun leibat hauna, beidawngna an tlun a, mani sum lamlût nêka tlâwm ei hmang ruok chun intodelna, siekhawl theina, hlimna an tlun hlak a nih. Hi hi thupui (principles) hi thil ho tein inlang sienkhawm a hnam puma ei fepui ding le ei khêkpui dinga thil pawimaw le ṭul chu a nih. 

Ei pi le puhai khan budgeting system hi hre nawhai sienkhawm an phâktawka kumkhat mamaw ding zât le a lamlût dan ding an hriet chieng hlea, an insêk khawl hlak. Tulai ṭhangtharhai hi ei insuk changkang viu a chu ei insung amani, mâni thlakhat sum mamaw zât le hmangzât hisap hlak hi iengzâm ei um ding? Ngaisak chuong lem lova hmu ang ang hmang zo nawk nghal mi hi ei ṭhahnem viu ring a um. Chun, mani sum lamlût neka hmangrawn lem hi ṭhahnem viu bawk ei tih. Sum hi ei lamlût rawn tâm, ei lamlût tlâwm, budget hi siem thei a nih. Ei ram a hin kohran amani, pawl (organisation)  chi te tehai khawmin budget siemna chang chu ei hriet deu fur a, amiruokchu, mimal budget, insung budget nei ruok hi chu ei tam ring a um nawh. Mi changkâng lemhai chun mimal nisien, insûng budget siem hi mâkmawa an ngâi a nih. (Budget siem dan ruokchu a sei ding a ni leiin tuta ṭum chu la hril hri nâwm ei nih). Kan chîn lai khan bazar a pheikhawk siemtu Vâi pakhat a um a, sum a hmu râwn ta’m, a hmu tlawm,, nitin Rs 50 a siekhawl ngêi ngêi hlak an tih. Rs 100 a hlawsuok ni chun Rs 50 a sieṭhaa, Rs 50 hmang ding a nei. Rs 60 chau a hlawsuok ni khawma Rs 50 a sieṭhaa, Rs 10 le ni danga a hmangbâng a um chun a khawsa el hlak an ti ka la hriet zing. Mâni sum lamlût ang peia khawsak thiem hi a nih ‘intodel’ ei ti chu. 

Fak zawng dan indik a pawimaw (Ethics) - Khawvêl a hung changkang deu deu a, fâk zawng dân lampui chi dang dang a hung inhawnga, chuong lai zing chun, mani taksa thil pawimâwtaka ngâina (Materialism) a hung hluor deu deu bawk. Nitin hin mani hlâwkna zawngin mitin ei phu sup sup a, Pathienin châwlkâr khat sung sinthawna hun ding a mi pêk a, chu khawm chu dittâwk ta lova Ama le inpâwl tlângna dinga a ni ruot Pathienni (Sunday) khawm inza zo ta lova sina ṭul le sumdawng ei tam ta hle a nih. Bible-in ṭaphai ṭappui ding le lâwmhai lâwmpui dingin amiin chûktîr a, ei pi-le-puhai khan Bible inchuktîrna lo hrie nawhai sienkhawm indiktakin an lo zui a, amiruokchu, tuhin chu mani khuo-le-vênghai thi nia inṭawiâwm nêka mâni sin ṭulna ngâipawimaw lem vawng ei hung ni tah. Mani ei hlawk phawt chun midang chu thi dêrhai sienkhawm pawi ti lo ei pung tuol tuol bawk a nih. Hi hi thilmak ani nawa, khawvêl duamnain a hung inhersuokpui hrim anih. Chuleiin, fâk zawng dân indik  hi a pawimaw takzet.

Tulai ei hriet seng angin India rama sumdawngtu milien (millionaire) Mr Vijay Mllaya (Kingfisher Airlines neitu), Mr Nirav Modi (Jewellers), Chanda Kocchar (ICICI Bank Ex MD), Rana Kapoor (Yes Bank Ex MD) le midang tamtak, an sumdawngna tlusie dingin tu khawma an ring ngâi nawh. An sumdawngna a hung pâr vula, anachu, hlawk luot nuomna leia thil indik lo chi te an lo thai zau khan kum tamtak an lo sâwlpui an hausakna chu thawk le khatin a hung kei ṭiet nâwk vawng a nih. Chuleiin, ei sinthawna amani, sum dawngna tluongtaka ei fe pui nuom a ni chun indikna am ei ti ding, thil indik lo chite, mi hriet khawp lo dinga in lang hei thaw zaua hausak uor uor theina lampui um hlak sienkhawm indikna kengkaw tlat hi a detindo a nih.

Ei pi le puhaiin mâni intodelna le indikna an lo kengkaw le vawng tlat hi ṭhangtharhai lai hin ei intuo thar nawk hi a pawimawi takzet. Kut daw lungril, mi chanâi fâk nuomna, mani hmakhuo chau ngaina, sumdawngna indik lova hausa uor uor nuomnahai hi ei hnam mizie ni lo, hnam danga inthawka ei lâksâwng a ni a, chuleiin, ei pi le puhai ṭobul ei en kirnawk hi a pawimaw takzet.

NUHMEI VARIN TUIKHUR RȂL A KȂI NAWH

(International Women Day 8th March puolin)

~ By V L Renga Hriler

Social scientist, sakhuo ṭhuoitu, politician le nuhmei ṭhuoitu tamtakin tulai a an buoipui êm êm chu Pasal le Nuhmei ngirhmun in angnaw (gender inequality) hi a nih. Vawisun a nuhmeihai ngîrhmun hi Evi suol ra an sîk lei ni thei a tîm? An pien phung lei nîng a ti? Khawtlang (society) an naw leh, nunphung (culture) inṭhuoi dânin a siehnuoi ve hrim hrim?

Hindu sakhuo zuituhai chun tienatlâng a inthawk khan nuhmei hi an lo siehnuoi ta hrim a nih. Mosie ang hiela dan petu a an nei Manu chun “Nuhmei le ran chu a ṭul chun vuok ding an nih” tiin a hril. An ser le sâng ah naupasal kher thaw ding a tam leiin “Naupasal sawmkhat pa / nu ni rawh” tiin mal anin sâwm hlak. Orthodox Islam sakhuo chun “Nuhmeiin thlarau an nei nawh” an tih. Nuhmei chu lusip a inthawk ke hmawr chen puonin an khum ding a nih tiin an pangti pho lang an phal nawh. “Nuhmeiin i mi siem naw leiin Lalpa ka lawm ie” tiin Judahai chu an ṭawngṭai hlak.  Buddhist sakhuo chun nuhmei sakhuo ṭhuoitu an pawm a, sienkhawm pasal angin sukdanglama um (nirvana) an chang thei ve nawh an tih. Ei ni lai khawm nuhmei kohran upa, local committee le Pastor hmu ding an la um nawh.  Hieng bâk a hin hnam, khawtlang, insung thilahai khawm a tlangpuiin nuhmei chanvo anhnuoi hle.

Gender (nuhmei le pasal inlaichinna) tieng suitu mithiemhai chun theory dang dang hmangin hrilfie an tum a. A ṭhenin nuhmei pienphung lei a nih an ti a, a ṭhenin nunphung (culture) lei, a ṭhenin khawtkang (society) inkuongkai danin maw a phur ti pawl khawm an um.

1. Nuhmei pienphung (Biological) lei: Lionel Tiger le Robin Fox (Sociologist)-hai chun ‘Human Bio-grammar’ ti theory hmangin nuhmei chu nau vawntu, hringtu le enkawltu dinga duong an nih tiin an hrilfie. Sociologist hmingthang G P Murdock khawmin ‘nuhmei pienphung (physical) hi pasal neka a derthawng lem leiin le nau vawntu anni lei hin nuhmei ngirhmun an hnuoi lem ding hrim a nih, amiruokchu, hi lei hin ei khawtlang (society) hi ṭhatakin an remkhâwm chau lem a nih tiin a hril.

2. Nunphung (Culture) lei a nih: ‘Khawtlang (Society) tin ah nuhmei ngirhmun an hnuoi lem vawng’ ti chu culture sikulhai ngaidân a nih. Sherry Ortner chun “Nuhmei pasal inlâichînna  chu ‘Leilung dan’ (Nature) le ‘Nunphung” inkuongkâina ang a nih” a tih. Leilung thil hrim hrim chu mihriem nunphungin sâwidanglam, thuhne le enkawl a tum tlat hlak. Chuong ang bawkin, nuhmei chu chokaa umsa fâk-le-dawn a siemtu, nau enkawl tu, insung bâk khêl lo le sin hlutna neilohai po thâwtu a nih. Pasal ruok chu insung rorêl bakah, râl dotu, thil pawimaw siemdawk tu, khawtlang rorêl ni le pungkhawm nia ṭhang hlak; thiemna, hrietna le varna dang dang la khawm hlak a nih. A tâwi zâwngin, nuhmei chu insunga inkhum tlat anni leiin an hrietna (knowledge) in choka bâk a khêl nawh a, pasal ruok chu hrietna hau, nuhmei chunga roreltu ding hrima khuonu ruot a ingngâi an nih.

3. Ro thil le Fak le Dâwn zawng dân lei a nih: Marxist-hai chun nuhmei-pasal ngirhmun inchennaw hi khawtlâng tin ah a um chuong kher nawh, khawtlang dân a ‘rochan’ inhlansawng dân le sin bîk inṭheṭhawpin a phur suok a nih tiin ngaidân an siem. Marx a hnungzuitu kulmut E Lionel Leacock chun hieng hin a hril: “Ei pi le puhai hun lai khan mitin lo (farm) inṭawm (community ownership) a nih a, mitinin an thaw thei ang tâwk seng thawin, angkhatin an lêng hlak. Amiruokchu, mihriem ei pung pei a, khawtlâng inṭhuoi dân hung danglam peiin khawtlâng ro chu mimalin (capitalist) anin sem a, chuong chun pasal le nuhmei ngirhmun inchennaw hi a rasuok a nih. Nuhmeiin insung bu-le-bâl le ro thil ah thu an nei am? An sinthaw ding le an sin thaw ah thu an nei am? An thawsuok sa ah thu an nei am? ti zawna le sangnahai hin khawtlânga nuhmei ngihmun chu an hriet thei a nih. Khasi le Garo-hai hi nuhmei zûla inthlasâwng (matrilineal system) an nih a, nuhmeiin ro an hluo bawk. Chuleiin, an khawtlanga chu nuhmei ngîrhmun ansâng lem a, thu khawm an nei lem.

Ei khawtlâng (society) a Nuhmei ngirhmun:  “Nuhmei varin tuikhur râl a kâi nawh”, “Nuhmei te te...” “Nuhmei le pal sie chu nuom hun hun a thleng thei a nih”, “I dawizep êm el, nuhmei puonbil bil rawh” ti ṭawngkam palai lênghai a inthawk hin ei khawtlâng a nuhmeihai ngirhmun ding awm chu an hriet thei.

1. Sakhuona thil ah: Tienlai sakhuo thil inrêlbawlna ah nuhmei râwn an ni ngâi nawh. Krsitien ei ni hnung khawm hin kohran rorelna – local committee, assembly palai – ah nuhmeiin chanvo an nei nawh. Nuhmei Kohran Upa amani, Pastor ni dinga ngai lem chu thil awm lo le inhme lova ei ngâi hlak. A hranpaa nuhmei inkhawm, committee um hlak sienkhawm nuhmei le insâi thil chau an rêl hlak.

2. Insûng, Khawtlâng le Hnam thil ah: Nuhmei chu pasal an nei hma po chu hnam bîk nei lova ngâi a nih. “Mi ina inlâwi ding tho” tiin nu le pa tamtak chun an nau nuhmeihai lekha inchûktir an ngaitha hlak. Chun, khawtlâng amani, hnam inrêlbâwl dân a hin nuhmeiin ‘Pa rochan’ ah chan an nei ve nawh. Amiruokchu, tulai hin ‘Pa’ ṭhenkhat an nau nuhmeihai rochan siem pêk khawm ei um zeu zeu tah.  Khawtlâng inrêlbawlna ‘village authority’ member nuhmei hmu ding an la um meu nawh a, HYA, HSA le pawl hrang hranga ruokchu nuhmei ṭhuoitu nina changphâk ei um pheu pheu.

3. Fâk-le-dâwn zawngna thil ah: “Pasal chu fâk le dâwn zawng tu, nuhmei chu insung rêlbâwl tu” ti ngaidân hin nasatakin a mi ṭhuoi niin an lang. Nuhmei chu ‘nau-khawl’ (reproductive machine) an nina le an hun tam lem nau enkawlnaa an hmang leiin pasal ngihmuna ngîr tak tak theinaw nihai tiin ṭhenkhat chun an hril. Thîr-suttu le bêl-hemtuhai hrietfûk an ni laiin nuhmeiin insûng dinga sin a thawhai hi National Income Accounting ah an hisâp sa ngai nawh. Asan chu fak hmuna sin a ngâi a ni naw leiin. Hi thil hi khawvela nuhmei inzawmkhawm pawlhai chun an ngâitheinaw hle.

4. Politiks thil ah: Nuhmei ram le hnam hmangai leia politiks khêl a Assembly hall or Parliament chen tlung thei ei la um meu nawh a, pasal chan deu a ngâina a um. Nuhmei hnam ṭhuoitutak nina hnuoia um chu pasal tamtakin an la pawm thei zân nawh. Nuhmei thuhril theitak, huoisentaka mipui ṭhuoi hlakhai chu ‘râpthlâk’, ‘inzakna hre lo’ le ‘tuormaw um ding’ ti an hlaw tlângpui.

Ei insûng le khawtlang inṭhuoi dâna nuhmei hnuoihnung lema in um tir tlat tu (structure of dominance) hi iem nîng a ta? Ţhenkhat ngaidân a chun ei hnam nun le kalphung, le ei sakhuonain nasatakin a mi ṭhuoi niin ngaidân an nei. Ei pi le puhaiin nuhmei le pasal mawphurna, sin le thuneina bîk thatak an ṭheṭhâwp; thuro, ziek ni kher lo an mi mâksan pêk le Bible-in pasal chu nuhmei lu a nih (Eph 5:24) tiaa mi hril ang takin ei khawtlâng chun pasal chu nuhmei neka chunghnung metin a sie a, amiruokchu, khawtlang dang danga nuhmei ngirhmun le tekhi chun ngirhmun insângtaka um an nih.
Greek mivar Socrates chun “.... Pasal le angkhata ei sie chun nuhmeiin chunghnung lem an inchu nghâl hlak” a lo ti a, a ni ngei nuhmeiin pasal ngîrhmun hi inchupui tlathai sien chu buoina namen lo suok ngêi a tih. G P Murdock-in ei khawtlang hi an remkhawm dan ding angtaka inremkhawm a nih a ti kha andikna chin khawm a um.

Mihriem ei changkang deu deu a, nuhmei lekha inchuk, lekhathiem, sin thatak tak nei ei hung tam pei a, nuhmei-pasal inthlierhranna khawm a nêp deu deu pei niin an lang. Computer le khâwl (machine) chi hrang hrang a hung suok a, pasal tharum chauva thawtheia ngâi hlakhai kha nuhmei khawmin an hung thaw ve thei tah a. Nu le pa thu an awi a, lekha inchuk khawm an titak a, competitive exam ṭhenkhat a lem chu pasal neka an thaw ṭhat lem châng tamtak a um tah. Nuhmei deusawnna ṭawngkam khawm hriet ding a tlâwm tiel tiel a nih.

Ei hnam khawm hma ei sâwn ding a ni chun nuhmei ngîrhmun ei siemṭhat hi a pawimaw takzet. Pasalhai an thlawp ve theina ding chun thiemna, varna, ngirhmun ṭha an nei ve a ṭul a nih. Nuhmei var chun insûng a suk changkâng a,  insûng changkangin khawtlâng a suk changkâng a, chuong ang peiin ram le hnam khawm a changkâng pei a nih. Nuhmei ngîrhmun inhnuoina hnam amani, ram chu a changkâng thei nawh. Ei ram ei hnam, ei khawtlang, ei insûng le mimaltinin hmasawnna le thiemna sirbi ei sir tung pei le inruola nuhmei chunga ei lungril put zie – nuhmei siehnuoi lem tlat, an hratnawnatak hriet pêk tlat, sin an thaw thei ve tamtak bara thlâk pek lo, choka sin chau invil tir tum tlatna, ngaidân ṭhatak neihai sienkhawm mên a thlâk pêk nuom dêr nawna le ‘nuhmeiin pasal neka inhnuoi lem hrim hrima inngâina’ hi thleng a ṭul ta takzet.

Hnam var le changkâng lemhai dân ṭha la peiin, ei ram ei hnam hmasawnna ding chu a Hmei a Pa, a pâwng bîk a phâi bîk um lova ei fe tlâng diel diel hi a ṭul takzet. Chu chu nang le keia inghat a nih.

SAKHMING KHAWVEL AH BUOINA DING A UM AM? – II

~ V L Renga Hriler

(Lalsandam / Lalsandam Hmar / Lalsandam Zote / Lalsandam Neitham / Lalsandam Hmar Zote Neitham)

Ei thusep hmasa lem a khan Hmarhai hin Sâp hming ei uor tak zie le incheina hmangruo ang el a ei hmang tâk  thu ei hril a. Chun, tienlai a hming phuok tu dingin uluktaka an khawvel pal le inhmepei an phuok hlak hun le ringtu ei ni hnunga Pathien kuomah hming ding ngênna tawngtaina an nei hlak ei khel a, tu hin chu ngaituona hmang lem lova khawlâi lêng malam a hming phuok mei mei ei uor tak zie thu ei hril ta bawk. Kum 1970 lâi chen khan chu Hmar nauhai Sap hming nei hi kutpâr a thliek khawp chau la ning ei tih. Chuonghai khawm chu Sâp hming ni chie lo Bible a hminghai an ni deu tak. Kum 1980-90 tung khan tuipui râl hming ei hung uor ṭan a, tu ruok hin chu uor chau ni ta lovin lo thei lo ang deuva ngâi a ni tah. Ţhenkhat lem chu Sâp sûngkuo ang el a Sâp hming vawng nei a Sap hming a in ko khawm ei um nuol tah. North East a chu Sâp hming hi Khasi-haiin an uor taka hriet a nih a, chun Hmar-in ei dawt niin an lang. Hnam  ṭhenkhat ruok chun an uor bêk bêk hran nawh.

Tu ta ṭum chu Sâp hming khêl tieng a ei hming ziek dan hi hei thlîr nâwk ei tih. Ţhenkhat chun hming chau an ziek a, mi ṭhenkhatin an hming zovah hnam hming an bel a, a ṭhenin pahnam hming amani, pahnam kaupeng hming an bel hlak. Entirna dingin Lalsandam, Lalsandam Hmar, Lalsandam Zote, Lalsandam Neitham tiin. Thenkhat  nawk thung chun hnam hming hawrawp bul chau an sie thung – K Lalsandam (Khawbung Lalsandam).

Hming hi mani nuom dân le ṭha ti dana ziek a ni tlangpui a. Amiruokchu, mi hming ziek dan sawisêl amani, chuong chun khâng khan ziek lem in la ti a ngaidân hril khawm ei tam hle. Chun, tulai internet khawvela pahnam hming inlek deu deuva ziek khawm ei pung hrât hle a nih. Hming ei ziek dânhai le a ṭhatna, a buoithlakna ei hriet ang ang hei suizau met ei tih.

1. Lalsandam:Hnam or pahnam hming ṭhangsa lova hming tak chau ziek. Zo hnâthlâk lai chu hieng ang hming hi Mizoram le Chin tieng khin an uor hle. Hieng ang hming hi a tluongtlam a, a ṭhatna tamtak a um lai zingin nupa (couples) a official function a ṭhang chang hin nuhmeihai hi an pasalhai hmingin chibai an bûk hlak. Ei hril umzie chu Lalsandam a nuhmei a hming chu Lalthangmawi lo ni sien, official function-a an nupaa an ṭhang chun thuhriltu amani, inhmelhriettirtu khan Mrs Lalthangmawi ti lovin Mrs Lalsandam an ti lem hlak a nih. Mrs Lalsandam tia pasalhai hming tluona chibai bûk hi a fûk zo zân naw a, Lasandam Hmar or Biete a ziek sa ruok chun Mrs Hmar or Mrs Biete tiin chibai an buk ding a nih. Hi hi zenpa tak a ni hrim a nih. Chun, khuo khata Lalsandam pahni pathum an um pha, pa hming amani, house number le inchikna dang hmanga zawngsuok a ngai hlak.

2. Lalsandam Hmar:  Hi hming ziek dan hi tulai ṭhangthar hin an uor a, chun, hmun dang danga ngaidân hril nikhuo vêl ah mi tamtak ṭha ti dân khawm niin an lang. ‘Hmar in ti ta phawt chun ei hming tawp ah HMAR ti ziek seng ei tiu, chuongchun, ei hnam hi ei ṭhahnem ve zie hnam danghaiin an mi hriet ding a nih’ tia ngâidân nei pawl khawm ei um. Hi hming ziek dan style hi Zo hnâthlâk lai chu Hmar, Gangte le Ralte  hin ei uor deuva, unau Paite, Kuki, Vaiphei, Simte le Kom lai hmu ding an um pheu pheu. Mizo amani, Lushei ti ziek chu hmu ding an vang hle thung. Chuong ang bawkin Naga lai hin Naga tia ziek hmu ding an um meu nawh. Vai ram Rajasthan a ei ST chanpui Meena-hai ruok chun an hming tawpah Meena tiin an ziek vawng thung a nih. Ka sin thawna le inzawma ka tawn hriet chu Ram Kumar Meena ti hming put, an Pahai hming khawm in ang char hi hmu ding tamtak an um leiin date of birth a thlir hran an ngâi hlak a nih. Chuong ang bawkin Hmar khawm  ei tam pha chu hieng ang harsatna hi tuok ve thei ei nih.

3. Lalsandam Zote: Hming tawpa pahnam hming ziek hi Hmar chau ni lo hnam tin deu thawin ei uor ti in la in khêl dingin ring a um naw. Mi ṭhenkhat, hnam hming le pahnam hming ziek kawp khawm an um tho. Entirna dingin Mizoram Book of the Year 2018 top 3 a thlangsuok ”Chum Chi Leng” ziektu Zoremi Hmar Zote, chun, a lamtâwi a ziek HK Bawichhuaka (Hmar Khawbung Bawihchhuaka), HT Sangliana (Hmar Tlawmte Sangliana) le mi dang tamtak an um. Hieng ang a hmingziek hi khuol rama inzin châng lâibung inzawng suokna ding a ṭha êm êm a, chuong ang bawkin, ei pahnam chanpuihai chu ei ngâina bîk deu hlek hlak hrim a nih. Hi lei hin siet ṭhat a inṭhangpui tawn dingin Hmar pahnam tin deu thaw hin khuo tinah lâibung committee an indin deu fur ta hrim a nih. Hi thil hin pahnam inlâk bingna le pahnam  dang dang karah inruolsiekna ṭha lo tamtak an tlun a, pahnam ṭhenkhat laibung nei mumal lo amani, Hmar kara hnam dang lo khawsa vehai ta dingin hrilhaina tamtak an tlun hlak a nih tiin tamtakin ngaidân an nei.

4. Lalsandam Neitham: Hi hming ziek dan style hi Hmar nauhai hin ei uor hle a, hnam danghai ruok hin chu an uor bêk bêk nawh niin an lang. Hming tawpah pahnam kaupeng belsap hi mi tamtak chun ‘a sâwr chîn thlâk taluo tah’ an ti rawp hlak. ‘Pahnam kaupeng hming mak deu deu, ei hriet ngâi khawm ni lo an ziek vet hi ṭul ka ti nawh’ ti pawl khawm ei um nuol a nih.Hieng ang ngaidân neihai thlîrna tukver a inthawk chun andik thaw khat hle. Nisienlakhawm, Hmar hnam histawri hi sinsiena (material evidence) hmanga chieng taka sui thei hi kum 150 bâk niin an lang nawh. Tienatlanga ei history neisun, zieka sinsie ni lo, baua inhrilsawng chu ‘Hla Ro’ le ‘Pahnam le pahnam kaupeng hminghai’ hi a nih. Pahnam le pahnam kaupeng hminghai hi umzie nei tak tak, ṭubul ropuitak tak nei an nia, hnam histawri suina dinga hnâr pawimawi êm êm an ni bawk. Entirna dingin Hmar Lungṭau pahnam ṭhenkhat Lungbo (Kawl phai ni dinga ring) a inthawk Neidon ah an inpem a, hi taka an um lai hin ‘bil’ an kam hlak a, chutaka chun sakei dum a del hlak leiin chu tlanga um Lungtau pahnam po chu Keivawm tiin an hung ko tah a nih. Chuong ang bawkin, Hmar Zote Neitham hung suok dân chu hieng hin an hril. Suontakhai farnu chu Sierielin nau ân pâitîr a, a nau a hung pieng chun Suontakpa chun Sieriel chu nau hming sak dingin ân cha a. Sieriel chu lawm êm êmin siel a kei a, puonpuok ding puonthle le an be tir ding ţhifâng pahnih chawi in ân thawk tah a. Suontakpa khuo a tlung tawmin Suontakpa khuoa nupui pakhat bâl chovin ‘Ieng dinga i khata hung am i na? Kan khuohaiin, a hung pha leh lo vuo zêk ei tih’ an ti che a ni kha’ tiin a lo hlêm a, Sieriel chun taktak a sawn a, a Siel kei chu a thlung a, a puon chawi chu a kiah a zêl a, a ţhifang chu a siel ân be tirh a, a khuo tieng a kirsan nawk tah a. A nakie chun, Suontakpa chun Sieriel chu ân cha nawk a. Sieriel chun a ruolhai fielin a fe hmasaka a chawi ang bawk kha chawiin a fe nawk tah a. A siel kei hmasaka a thlungna hmun a va tlung chun a Siel chu a ruhai chauh a lo um tah a, a lo ţawl bawrh e! ta leiin chu hmun chu “Chaltawlmuol” an bûk a. A naute a va hmu chun Suantakpa kuomah, “ Ka nei popo ka sukthâmna a ni leiin a hming chu “Neitham ni rawh se” a ta, chutaka inthawk chun Neitham a hung put a nih.
Pahnam kaupenghai hi lekhabua ziek ei tiem el chau hin chu hriet zing antak a, kaupeng hming danglam le maktak tak ei zieklanghai  hin hnam histawri ropuitak tak a thedar zing a nih.

5. Nuhmei hming:’ Nuhmeiin hnam an nei nawh’ an lo ti hlak. Muslim ṭhenkhat lem chun ‘nuhmeiin thlarau an nei nawh’ ti hiel khawpin an siehnuoi a nih. Ei ni Hmar nauhai ruok chu ei pi le puhai a inthawk ei ro inthlasâwng laia pawimawtak pakhat chu nuhmei le pasal inthlier hrangna (gender bias) a um naw hi a nih. Nuhmeiin hnam an nei a, sienkhawm pasal an neipha an pasalhai hnam an inṭawmpui nâwk el a nih. Tulai internet facebook khawvel a ruok hin chu an piengna pahnam le an pasalhai pahnam an hung keikawp zat a, hnam pahni nei an ni zie thiem takin an hung tarlang ta thung. Entirna dingin Lalhmelṭha Khawbung Ţaite.

Hming hi mani ṭha ti dan senga ei ziek a ni a, tluongtlam deua ziek amani, hnam, pahnam, pahnam kaupeng hming ziek a hin buoi nawm ei niu a, ei ṭobul le inhme lo tuipui râl hming ei inbûk uor bêk bêk ta hi nakie hnunga ei hnam nina (identity) pakhat vûi liem theina thil a ni leiin ei ngâimaw seng a ṭul ta takzet. Chuleiin, Hmar hming a ni sûng chu mi sakhminga buoi nawm ei niu.

SAKHMING KHAWVȆL AH BUOINA DING A UM AM?

~ V L Renga Hriler

Ni le kumhai an inher liem a, hun khawm tui luong angin a luong del del a. Ka ruol hluihai K Johnny le Ramthang Hmar le kan inhmuna khawm zani lâi chau râwm ka sâwn chu kum sâwmhni lâi a lo tling dêr tah a. Ruolpa Johnny hi pa dangdâi ve tak el, mi dawnsak mang lova mani ngaidân a ṭhang bur hlak mi a nih. A sakhmel ah dârtui luong naw sienkhawm khawkhat nunghâk hmelṭhaa an hril ngat naw chu singmit inlên ngâi lo a nih. Tum an sâng chun tlâkna an sâng an ti ang hrimin, an hun laia a ‘A’ group a ṭhang phâk ve ngat Nk Jennifer chu zâwrthluin an innei nghe nghe a nih. Inhmuna a sâwt ta bawk a, kum sawmhni sunga thil thar kan i dawnghai kan hril mawl mawl a. Ruolpa Johnny thilthar, a i suong bêk bêkhai chu a nauhai pathum, a monu le a tupahai pahni an nih. Tu mawng ben thei rak ani takzie le ka tluknaw zie thu chu a hril hluom hluom a. A ni la tak a, tu mawng ka ben ve na ding chu damsâwt thil a nih. Ruolpa Ramthang khawm nau nuhmei pahni le naupasal pahni neiin, imchûkna tieng an thaw ṭha pei a, makpa nei thei ngirhmuna a ngîr zing tâk thu a hril mawl mawl a. Ramthang hi pa lien rak lo, tha nei fik tak el a ni a, mi tamtakin an zuom suol rawp hlak hrim a nih. Khawtlang mitmei veng deka thil thaw hlak mi a nih.

Thingpui dawna kan hohlim zing lai chun K Johnny chun a nau le tehai chu a hei hâwr khawm a, “A ma hi ka naupa upa tak a ni a, a hming chu Aldrin a nih. Chun, Jafferson-in a dawt a, kan nuhmei neisun, Miss Sikpui Ruoi dinga ka i huol hi Irene a nih. A pa hmelṭhat le pieng thiem a sun a, a nu sam ṭhat le nui mawi a sun bawk, kan i suong vawr a ni hi” a ta. “Chun, kan monu, Aldrin a nuhmei hi Cindy a ni a, nau pasal pahni, Christopher le Kennedy an nei a nih” tiin Johnny chun a bat batin inhmêlhrietna chibai a hung inbuktir tawl a. Kei chun “In va hang felin hming in nei ropui thei ngei de!. Hmar hnam lai hin Sâp sungkuo khawm ei lo um zing a ni hi tie maw” tiin Johnny chu ka hang fiem a. “Sap rama inzin un la cheu chu sung le kuo ni awm tak tak inhmu ṭeu ding a ni hi tie” ka ta, ka fiem zui pei a. Johnny chun Sap hming a ngâisâng zie, a ṭhat zie le a ṭangkaipui zie chu an zâwt ta char char a.”Sâp hming hi inchik a awl a, a lam anhawi bawk. Shillong-a college kan kai lai khan ruolthar le hotuhaiin ka hming hi vawikhat an hriet ta chun an theinghil ta ngai nawh. Ka ruolhai Hmanga le Tluonga ve thung kha chu an hming an inchik theinaw chu thukhat, an ko indik ngai naw reng reng. Hmanga kha ‘Mang-ga’ an ti a, Tluonga kha  ‘Tu-lung-ga’ an ti a, an lungawinaw an chier hmur hmur hlak” tiin intithei deuvin a hei hril a. “Kan nu Jennifer khawm hi a hmel ka hmu hma daiaa hming hi ka ngâizawng a nih. A hmel ka hei hmu lem khan chu a hmêl ṭha bawk, a hming leh an hme bawk...” tiin a sunzawm pei a. Kei chun, “E khai !!, in nu chu Jennifer ni lovin Rami ti dam lo nisien chu i hmangaina a nêp deu ding tina a ni chu tie maw?” ka hang ti zau a. Johnny chun, “Shakespeare-in ‘Rose par hi hming dang inbûk inla khawm a rim inhnikna bo chuong naw nih’ a ti ang deuvin hming hi ei inbûk fâwm mei mei a ni a, Sâp hming, Vâi hming inbûk hlak in la khawm ei Hmar nina chu bo chuong lova. Chuleiin, kei chu hminga ka buoi nawh. Kan nu hi Zawngi lo nisienkhawm ka hmangaina chuoi chuong naw nih” tiin a hang hrilfie a. Ruolpa Johnny tak hi chu aw annu hming mawi a ti leiin a sakhmel khawm a hmu hmain a ngaizawng thu a hril zo chauva, tuhin hminga ka buoi nawh a ti nawk a, a pum lien ang hrimin a ngaituona khawm hi a fawm kuol vel mei mei a nih tiin ka ngaituo neu neu a.

Ruolpa Ramthang chun Johnny hohlim chu chîktakin a ngâithlâk kar a, iemani chen hnunga chun a ngaidân a hung hril ve tah a. “Ruolpa Johnny hi hming phuok chungchang khera hin chu ka hril ngun tah ie. A tûhai hming a sak ding khawm hin, ta êm êm ah, i tuhai bêk hi chu Sâp hming inhaw tir ta naw rawh tiin ka zil hau nghe nghe. A ma hlak chun ka tûhai hi Sâp ram tlung dinga ka duong, Sâp ram an fe phaa Sâp hming tehlem phuok ngai ta lo dinga ei phuok a ni hi tiin a mi dawn awl et el a nih” a ta. Ramthang chun a sunzawm pei a, “Ei pi le puhai khan an bu le bâl thlosuok zât, sa an kâp zât le ropuina, chawimawina le râl hrâtna zâwng amani an khawvel thlîr phâk chin pei besanin hming an lo phuok hlak a, an rieng zawng, a ṭha naw zâwng, beidawng zâwng kâwk amani phurrik phur kâwk zâwngin an phuok ngâi nawh. Kristien sakhuo ei hung ni khan van tieng thlîr pumin hming ei hung phuok ṭan a, chun, Bible hming ei hung uor ṭan bawk a nih. Turuok hin chu tupui râl a mi hnam hming - ei insung, ei hnam, ei ram le ei sakhuo le inzawmna nei ṭhak lo – hawh / phuok hi ei hung uor ta êm êm el a nih. Hming ṭhenkhat lem hi chu a phuoktuin a umzie khawm a hriet lo tamtak a um a nih. Hnam danghai ta dinga inchik awl, tiem awl ti lei rikngawta ei ṭobul le ei nina indiktak ei pêngsan chun khawvêla hin chawrdawk harsang a tih. Sâp hming hi ei inthawhmu el chau an ta nawh, incheina ang deua ei nei a ni tah.  Hienga ei fe pei chun tuta inthawk kum sawmhni vêl a chu Sâp hming vawngin inko nâwm ei nih khawm ei ti thei ta nawh. Innei thar an um chun, “Monu hmel a ṭha am?” ti a ni hlak. Chuong ang bawkin, naute thar hming phuok an um chun “A Sâp hming iem?” ei ti châwk hlak. Hming phuoktuin Sâp hming a belsap naw khawm a, naute Nihai, Nutehai, Putehaiin an belsap ṭawk ṭawk hlak. Hnam lêr tak ei nih ti in la indik tak a tih” tiin Ramthang chun a beidawng thu chu an zâwt rak el a.

Kei chun, “In ṭhanghmunhai mâni thlîrna tukver a inthawk chun andik ve vein ka hriet. Sâp hming hi hnam danghai ta dingin inchik a awl a, lam indik anhawi bawk ti hi thudik a ni a, chu le inruolin Sâp hming haw ei insukhmu hle ti khawm inphat ruol an nawh. Chuong lai zing chun, ruolpa Ramthang Hmar-in a hril angin hming hi a phuoktu dinga ruotin ngaituona tamtak sênga, ṭawngṭaina leh umzie nei taka a phuok hlak a nih. Bible-a hminghai khawm hi umzie (meaning) nei vawng an nih. Chuleiin, hming a umzie hriet lo le Sâphai hnam hming (surnames) lo phuok ve ringawthai hi bansan ei ṭulin ka hriet takzet. Hieng a ei fe pei a ni chun ṭhang la thar pei dinghai hin hming hlutzie hung hrie naw deu deu an ta, hming phuok ding khawma ngaituona le ṭawngṭainaa Pathien kuoma hni um hran ta lovin ei hma tawk tawk ei phuok pei el ding a nih. Mani ṭawng ngei hming nei hi a mawiin a hlu el khêl ah ei nina indiktak suklang tu a nih. Hmar hming nilova Sâp hming ei nei seng a, Sâp hminga ei in ko seng a ni chun ei nina indiktak ei vûi liem tina a ni ding a nih” tiin ka ngaidân ka hang sap sa ve a.

Chuleiin, nina (identity) ei vawng zing theina lampui pakhat chu HMAR HMING put hi a nih. Ei inṭanna ah kir thar nawk ei tiu. Ei hnam mizie indiktak ngaisâng thar nawk ei tiu.

INDIA ECONOMY TLȂKHNUOI TIENG A PAN

~  V L Renga Hriler

India rama hin sumdawngna thila harsatna a tlung mêk nia hriet a nia, amiruokchu, sorkar chun thu belchieng dâwl lo tiin an phat a nih. Hieng ang harsatna hi mipui mimir hriet thei dingin dam te tein a hung inlang pei a nih. Economist ṭhenkhat hril danin India chun Financial Crisis (sum-le-pai harsatna) a hmasuon mêk niin an hril a. Hi financial crisis lei hin recession tlung thei ding niin an hril bawk. Recession hi ei ṭawng chun “kiemna, tawl kîrna” tia inlet thei a nih. A umzie chu fâk le dâwn zawngna (economy) hma sâwn loin, a tlahnuoi ti inla indiktak dingin ring a um. Economy thla 6 vel sung insang tieng pan lova a tlahnuoi lei a ni hlak. Recession umna san chu GDP (thil siemsuok le thawsuok sum thila inkhina) a tlahnuoia, Income a tlahnuoia, sinthar zawm ding a tlahnuoia, thil siem le a zawrna a tlahnuoi. April-June 2019 thla sunga India economy inṭhang dan chu kum ruk (6 yrs) sunga economy inṭhanga a lan hnuoitak niin National Statistic Org (NSO) chun a hril. Hi hun sung hin 5% chauin anṭhanga, Jan-Mar 2019 khan 5.8% chauin anṭhang bawk. A umzie chu GDP a tlahnuoi pei tina a nih. Mamaw thil ngenna (demand) le sumpui sukpungna dinga sum hmang (investment) a tlahnuoi lei niin an hril.

Tuta harstnat um mêk hi vêlkhatna (first round) a ngai thei a nih. A tlakhnuoi dan le thil tlahnuoi mêk ṭhenkhathai:-
Bank hai NPA (Non Performing Asset – hmun le hmang amani, sumpui thawsuok nei ta lo) a pung pei. NPA hi chi dang dang a um: agriculture loan amani, farm loan a ni chun a lo rasuok vel hni sunga (2 crop seasons) loan thung a ni naw chun a sumpuiin umzie a nei ta naw leiin chu chu NPA a nih. A tawi zawngin sumdawngna dinga bank loan lak, thung let mumal ta lo ti inla indik tak a tih. (Sumdawngna ei ti hin thil zawr hlawk tiengpang ni loin, industry amani sum hnâr ding thil siem - assets hieng buildings, etc a kâwk a nih). Sumpui a um naw chun sumdawngna thar (fresh investment) a um thei ta naw a nih. Hi lei hin bank-in thil thar thawna ding sumpui an peksuok nuom ta naw a nih.

Tuhin inbawltu (builders) tamtakin an in bawlsahai an chaw tu ding an hmu zo ta naw leiin zawr thei lo tamtak (unit) an nei a nih. Hi kakhâwk chu in bawl tieng a tlahnuoia, chuong ang peiin steel, cement, thir le inbâwlna ding thuohnaw dang dang zawr a tlahnuoi bawk. Khingtieng panga bank sum hmanga sinthawtuhaiin sum an rul kîr thei mumal naw leiin bank NPA a pung tiel tiel a, sum inpeipung ding angin an peipung thei ta naw a nih. Hi NPA hi company el chau ni lo mimal sumdawngna chen a them leiin hi buoia hin a fe inthûk deu deu a nih.

India rama thil la tlung ngai lo motor ke pahni nei (two wheeler) zawr khawm tlakhnuoi tieng a pan mêk a nih. Chuong ang bawkin ke pali nei (four wheeler) khawm a tlahnuoi mêk deu deu bawk. Motor tienga sumdawnghaiin an dawrhai an khar mêk a, Maruti company khawmin a motor siem 50% deu thawin a suk tlâwm a nih. A ka khâwk chu motor siemna hmangruo steel, thir, tyre-rubber le a dang dang siem le zawr dam te tein a tlahnuoi a nih. Hi thil le inzawm hin Finance Minister Smt Nirmala Sitharaman chun “tulai ṭhangtharhai nuom dan chu (millenial mindsets), instalment a 4 wheelers inchawk neikin Ola, Uber cab a chuong an thlang lem a, hi leia hi car, bike etc zawr (sale) a tlahnuoi a nih” a ti chu selkaltu pawl le economist ṭhenkhathai dem le sawisêl a hlaw hle. Motor part siemtuhai hi Non Banking Financial Sector haiin loan an pek deutak hlak a, tuhin loan an pêk nuom ta naw leiin factory ṭhenkhat khâr ṭan mêk a nih.

Khi a chunga ei hril pathumhai chau tlakhnuoia khawm khin nasatakin fak-le-dawn zawngna a nghawr nghîng thei a nih. Sin (job) sang tamtak suktawp ngai a ta, sorkar sie (tax) dâwl khawm a tlahnuoi pha ding a nih. Hieng ang huna hin sorkar beidawngin a sum inhmang suk bitna dingin sie (tax) sukpung amani, sie dâwl theina thil po poa dâwl a tum hlak a nih. Chun, sorkar thil nei (asset) hai chu company lien, an ditsak deuhai kuomah zawr an ta, sienkhawm, sorkar chu hlawk nêkin a sumpui anhmang belsap pei lem ding a nih. Tu khawm hin sorkar chun Air India le Public Sector tamtak zawr a tum mêk nia hriet a nih.

Hienghai baka hin recession hin Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) khawm a nghawng ṭan mêk a nih. India ram khawte (rural area) ah hai chun sabon, hanawtna hlo (tooth paste), sahriek (hair oil), biscuits le a dang dang demand a tlahnuoi hrat hlea hriet a nih. Tulaia FMGC company inṭhang hrat êm êm el Patanjali khawm 2018 khan 10% revenue (sum hlawk) a tlahnuoi a, nitdang laia Tv le News paper ah hai advertisement thaw zing zing hlak kha tu hin chu hmu ding a um ta nawh.
Thil siemna (industries) dang danghiin an thil siemhai demand a tlahnuoi leia an siemsuok tlawm leiin  thuomhnaw phurna sin (transport) nasatakin a nghawng bawk a nih. Indian Foundation of Transport Research & Training-hai hril dan chun 2018 sung khan thuomhnaw phur  truck hire khawm 15% deu thawin a tlahnuoi a nih. Hi kakhawk ding chu truck neituhai (transporters)-in  sumdawngna (business) in ṭanna amani, suklienna dinga an loan lakhai ṭhatakin an thung theinaw ding a nih.
Mithiemhai hril dan chun recession hi 2020 March thla lai khin hung inlang ṭan a tih tiin an hril. India ram mitam lemin hi hi thil hi an hrietnaw el chau ni loin an la hriet thiem phâk naw a nih tiin an hril bawk. Ei hriet thiem thei nawk zuolna dingin kum 2008 – 09 khan USA ah recession râpthlâk tak el a tlunga, hi kum hin mi nuoi sawmkuo panga (95 lakh) vêlin an sin an chân a, USA rama investment bank lientak palina Lehman Brothers chu a tlusie (bankrupt) dêr bawk. Economist-hai chun kum 2020 / 2021 khin Global Recession, thil dang dang leiin a tlung ding niin an hril bawk.

Ei ni NE India a um, abikin ram kilkhawra um; India budget khawm la ngaiven phâk lohai ta ding chun recession ei hmasuon mêk hi thil ngaimaw um bêk bêk niin an lang nawh. Asan chu, sumdawng hausa (capitalist), industries, le sin thawna (employment) tam tham pe thei ding company lien an la um ve naw leiin a mi nghawng dân a chi dang a tih. Amiruokchu, khawpuia sinthaw, sin lien tham ninaw sienkhawm, ei ṭhahnem ve ta leiin recession hin annihai hi a nghawng ve thei a nih. Chuleiin, sum hmang dânhai fimkhur a ṭul takzet. Inret taka hmanga, dit le mamaw thlîr thiema, sin thaw loa thla ruk chen khawm khawsak theina dinga sum lo sieṭhat ṭhâng a tih. Chun, investment dang dang hieng SIP, property, etc thaw lo a ṭhaa, loan lâk amani, credit card hmanghai insûm hrâm hrâm tum ding a nih. Company thar inṭhang mekhai hi hiengtik huna hin an tlusie awl bîk leiin hlaw tam offer-hai sien cheu khawm company hluna um kha a ṭha lem. In veng fimkhur ding ti leiin ṭi ding chu a um nawh. Asan chu, recession hin kum khat le a chanve a aw tlangpuia, chuong chun economy ama invirin a pangngâi a hung aw nawk el hlak. Chun, tuhin sawrkar chun siemṭhat dan ngaituoin hma a lâk mêk a nih.