(International Women Day 8th March puolin)
~ By V L Renga Hriler
Social scientist, sakhuo ṭhuoitu, politician le nuhmei ṭhuoitu tamtakin tulai a an buoipui êm êm chu Pasal le Nuhmei ngirhmun in angnaw (gender inequality) hi a nih. Vawisun a nuhmeihai ngîrhmun hi Evi suol ra an sîk lei ni thei a tîm? An pien phung lei nîng a ti? Khawtlang (society) an naw leh, nunphung (culture) inṭhuoi dânin a siehnuoi ve hrim hrim?
Hindu sakhuo zuituhai chun tienatlâng a inthawk khan nuhmei hi an lo siehnuoi ta hrim a nih. Mosie ang hiela dan petu a an nei Manu chun “Nuhmei le ran chu a ṭul chun vuok ding an nih” tiin a hril. An ser le sâng ah naupasal kher thaw ding a tam leiin “Naupasal sawmkhat pa / nu ni rawh” tiin mal anin sâwm hlak. Orthodox Islam sakhuo chun “Nuhmeiin thlarau an nei nawh” an tih. Nuhmei chu lusip a inthawk ke hmawr chen puonin an khum ding a nih tiin an pangti pho lang an phal nawh. “Nuhmeiin i mi siem naw leiin Lalpa ka lawm ie” tiin Judahai chu an ṭawngṭai hlak. Buddhist sakhuo chun nuhmei sakhuo ṭhuoitu an pawm a, sienkhawm pasal angin sukdanglama um (nirvana) an chang thei ve nawh an tih. Ei ni lai khawm nuhmei kohran upa, local committee le Pastor hmu ding an la um nawh. Hieng bâk a hin hnam, khawtlang, insung thilahai khawm a tlangpuiin nuhmei chanvo anhnuoi hle.
Gender (nuhmei le pasal inlaichinna) tieng suitu mithiemhai chun theory dang dang hmangin hrilfie an tum a. A ṭhenin nuhmei pienphung lei a nih an ti a, a ṭhenin nunphung (culture) lei, a ṭhenin khawtkang (society) inkuongkai danin maw a phur ti pawl khawm an um.
1. Nuhmei pienphung (Biological) lei: Lionel Tiger le Robin Fox (Sociologist)-hai chun ‘Human Bio-grammar’ ti theory hmangin nuhmei chu nau vawntu, hringtu le enkawltu dinga duong an nih tiin an hrilfie. Sociologist hmingthang G P Murdock khawmin ‘nuhmei pienphung (physical) hi pasal neka a derthawng lem leiin le nau vawntu anni lei hin nuhmei ngirhmun an hnuoi lem ding hrim a nih, amiruokchu, hi lei hin ei khawtlang (society) hi ṭhatakin an remkhâwm chau lem a nih tiin a hril.
2. Nunphung (Culture) lei a nih: ‘Khawtlang (Society) tin ah nuhmei ngirhmun an hnuoi lem vawng’ ti chu culture sikulhai ngaidân a nih. Sherry Ortner chun “Nuhmei pasal inlâichînna chu ‘Leilung dan’ (Nature) le ‘Nunphung” inkuongkâina ang a nih” a tih. Leilung thil hrim hrim chu mihriem nunphungin sâwidanglam, thuhne le enkawl a tum tlat hlak. Chuong ang bawkin, nuhmei chu chokaa umsa fâk-le-dawn a siemtu, nau enkawl tu, insung bâk khêl lo le sin hlutna neilohai po thâwtu a nih. Pasal ruok chu insung rorêl bakah, râl dotu, thil pawimaw siemdawk tu, khawtlang rorêl ni le pungkhawm nia ṭhang hlak; thiemna, hrietna le varna dang dang la khawm hlak a nih. A tâwi zâwngin, nuhmei chu insunga inkhum tlat anni leiin an hrietna (knowledge) in choka bâk a khêl nawh a, pasal ruok chu hrietna hau, nuhmei chunga roreltu ding hrima khuonu ruot a ingngâi an nih.
3. Ro thil le Fak le Dâwn zawng dân lei a nih: Marxist-hai chun nuhmei-pasal ngirhmun inchennaw hi khawtlâng tin ah a um chuong kher nawh, khawtlang dân a ‘rochan’ inhlansawng dân le sin bîk inṭheṭhawpin a phur suok a nih tiin ngaidân an siem. Marx a hnungzuitu kulmut E Lionel Leacock chun hieng hin a hril: “Ei pi le puhai hun lai khan mitin lo (farm) inṭawm (community ownership) a nih a, mitinin an thaw thei ang tâwk seng thawin, angkhatin an lêng hlak. Amiruokchu, mihriem ei pung pei a, khawtlâng inṭhuoi dân hung danglam peiin khawtlâng ro chu mimalin (capitalist) anin sem a, chuong chun pasal le nuhmei ngirhmun inchennaw hi a rasuok a nih. Nuhmeiin insung bu-le-bâl le ro thil ah thu an nei am? An sinthaw ding le an sin thaw ah thu an nei am? An thawsuok sa ah thu an nei am? ti zawna le sangnahai hin khawtlânga nuhmei ngihmun chu an hriet thei a nih. Khasi le Garo-hai hi nuhmei zûla inthlasâwng (matrilineal system) an nih a, nuhmeiin ro an hluo bawk. Chuleiin, an khawtlanga chu nuhmei ngîrhmun ansâng lem a, thu khawm an nei lem.
Ei khawtlâng (society) a Nuhmei ngirhmun: “Nuhmei varin tuikhur râl a kâi nawh”, “Nuhmei te te...” “Nuhmei le pal sie chu nuom hun hun a thleng thei a nih”, “I dawizep êm el, nuhmei puonbil bil rawh” ti ṭawngkam palai lênghai a inthawk hin ei khawtlâng a nuhmeihai ngirhmun ding awm chu an hriet thei.
1. Sakhuona thil ah: Tienlai sakhuo thil inrêlbawlna ah nuhmei râwn an ni ngâi nawh. Krsitien ei ni hnung khawm hin kohran rorelna – local committee, assembly palai – ah nuhmeiin chanvo an nei nawh. Nuhmei Kohran Upa amani, Pastor ni dinga ngai lem chu thil awm lo le inhme lova ei ngâi hlak. A hranpaa nuhmei inkhawm, committee um hlak sienkhawm nuhmei le insâi thil chau an rêl hlak.
2. Insûng, Khawtlâng le Hnam thil ah: Nuhmei chu pasal an nei hma po chu hnam bîk nei lova ngâi a nih. “Mi ina inlâwi ding tho” tiin nu le pa tamtak chun an nau nuhmeihai lekha inchûktir an ngaitha hlak. Chun, khawtlâng amani, hnam inrêlbâwl dân a hin nuhmeiin ‘Pa rochan’ ah chan an nei ve nawh. Amiruokchu, tulai hin ‘Pa’ ṭhenkhat an nau nuhmeihai rochan siem pêk khawm ei um zeu zeu tah. Khawtlâng inrêlbawlna ‘village authority’ member nuhmei hmu ding an la um meu nawh a, HYA, HSA le pawl hrang hranga ruokchu nuhmei ṭhuoitu nina changphâk ei um pheu pheu.
3. Fâk-le-dâwn zawngna thil ah: “Pasal chu fâk le dâwn zawng tu, nuhmei chu insung rêlbâwl tu” ti ngaidân hin nasatakin a mi ṭhuoi niin an lang. Nuhmei chu ‘nau-khawl’ (reproductive machine) an nina le an hun tam lem nau enkawlnaa an hmang leiin pasal ngihmuna ngîr tak tak theinaw nihai tiin ṭhenkhat chun an hril. Thîr-suttu le bêl-hemtuhai hrietfûk an ni laiin nuhmeiin insûng dinga sin a thawhai hi National Income Accounting ah an hisâp sa ngai nawh. Asan chu fak hmuna sin a ngâi a ni naw leiin. Hi thil hi khawvela nuhmei inzawmkhawm pawlhai chun an ngâitheinaw hle.
4. Politiks thil ah: Nuhmei ram le hnam hmangai leia politiks khêl a Assembly hall or Parliament chen tlung thei ei la um meu nawh a, pasal chan deu a ngâina a um. Nuhmei hnam ṭhuoitutak nina hnuoia um chu pasal tamtakin an la pawm thei zân nawh. Nuhmei thuhril theitak, huoisentaka mipui ṭhuoi hlakhai chu ‘râpthlâk’, ‘inzakna hre lo’ le ‘tuormaw um ding’ ti an hlaw tlângpui.
Ei insûng le khawtlang inṭhuoi dâna nuhmei hnuoihnung lema in um tir tlat tu (structure of dominance) hi iem nîng a ta? Ţhenkhat ngaidân a chun ei hnam nun le kalphung, le ei sakhuonain nasatakin a mi ṭhuoi niin ngaidân an nei. Ei pi le puhaiin nuhmei le pasal mawphurna, sin le thuneina bîk thatak an ṭheṭhâwp; thuro, ziek ni kher lo an mi mâksan pêk le Bible-in pasal chu nuhmei lu a nih (Eph 5:24) tiaa mi hril ang takin ei khawtlâng chun pasal chu nuhmei neka chunghnung metin a sie a, amiruokchu, khawtlang dang danga nuhmei ngirhmun le tekhi chun ngirhmun insângtaka um an nih.
Greek mivar Socrates chun “.... Pasal le angkhata ei sie chun nuhmeiin chunghnung lem an inchu nghâl hlak” a lo ti a, a ni ngei nuhmeiin pasal ngîrhmun hi inchupui tlathai sien chu buoina namen lo suok ngêi a tih. G P Murdock-in ei khawtlang hi an remkhawm dan ding angtaka inremkhawm a nih a ti kha andikna chin khawm a um.
Mihriem ei changkang deu deu a, nuhmei lekha inchuk, lekhathiem, sin thatak tak nei ei hung tam pei a, nuhmei-pasal inthlierhranna khawm a nêp deu deu pei niin an lang. Computer le khâwl (machine) chi hrang hrang a hung suok a, pasal tharum chauva thawtheia ngâi hlakhai kha nuhmei khawmin an hung thaw ve thei tah a. Nu le pa thu an awi a, lekha inchuk khawm an titak a, competitive exam ṭhenkhat a lem chu pasal neka an thaw ṭhat lem châng tamtak a um tah. Nuhmei deusawnna ṭawngkam khawm hriet ding a tlâwm tiel tiel a nih.
Ei hnam khawm hma ei sâwn ding a ni chun nuhmei ngîrhmun ei siemṭhat hi a pawimaw takzet. Pasalhai an thlawp ve theina ding chun thiemna, varna, ngirhmun ṭha an nei ve a ṭul a nih. Nuhmei var chun insûng a suk changkâng a, insûng changkangin khawtlâng a suk changkâng a, chuong ang peiin ram le hnam khawm a changkâng pei a nih. Nuhmei ngîrhmun inhnuoina hnam amani, ram chu a changkâng thei nawh. Ei ram ei hnam, ei khawtlang, ei insûng le mimaltinin hmasawnna le thiemna sirbi ei sir tung pei le inruola nuhmei chunga ei lungril put zie – nuhmei siehnuoi lem tlat, an hratnawnatak hriet pêk tlat, sin an thaw thei ve tamtak bara thlâk pek lo, choka sin chau invil tir tum tlatna, ngaidân ṭhatak neihai sienkhawm mên a thlâk pêk nuom dêr nawna le ‘nuhmeiin pasal neka inhnuoi lem hrim hrima inngâina’ hi thleng a ṭul ta takzet.
Hnam var le changkâng lemhai dân ṭha la peiin, ei ram ei hnam hmasawnna ding chu a Hmei a Pa, a pâwng bîk a phâi bîk um lova ei fe tlâng diel diel hi a ṭul takzet. Chu chu nang le keia inghat a nih.
