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MANIPUR MERGER : 15 OCTOBER, 1949

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

/ Published by Simon L Infimate
~ Prof. Lal Dena

While examining the response of the people to the issue (merger), one has to remember the fact that Manipur, during the time of her merger into the dominion of India, had a very low level of political culture – Prof S.Mangi Singh, MU.

Bar thla ei hmang tana inthawk khan Manipur merger thu hi phairam hmun tin le puotieng Meiteihai tamna bika nasa taka titina suksiptu kum tin a nih hlak. Eini tlangmihai chun Manipur ei rama ei ngai naw mani ding, hi thu hi ei ngaisak nawh deuh nisien a hawih. Chuleiin hriet ve tula an lang leiin a tlawm a zawng ei hung tarlang a nih.


Mingo ramper hlutsaktuha’n India ram an hung awp khan, India ram chi hni’n an the a. Direct taka an awp chu Britsh India a nih.  British India-a belsa lo native states (reng ram) 623 vel a um a, chuonghai chu indirect-in an awp thung. An thaw dan chu Kumpinu aiawin chuong native state-a hai chun Mingo officer Rengpa thurawn pe dingin an tir hlak. Native state lien hieng Kashmir, Hydrabad, Mysore le a dang dang (add) haia British Resident an tir a, native chin hieng Manipur, Tripura le add haia Political Agent an tir thung. Kum 1835-a inthawk khan British sawrkar chun Manipurah Political Agent a lo tir hlak a. Ama chun direct takin Manipur rorelnaa an rawl ngai nawh. Rengpa thurawn pek chu a mawphurna lien tak a nih.

Zawna pawimaw pakhat chu hieng native state-hai hi ‘independent state’ an ni? ti hi a nih. A dawnna tawi tak chu anni ram sunga thuneina insang tak internal sovereignty an nei a; ram dang le state dang inkaikungna foreign affairs ruok chu Britsh Resident, annawleh British Political Agent hriet lova thaw thei a nih nawh. Chu umzie chu native state-hai chun external sovereign power an nei nawh tina a nih. Hi hi India ramin zalenna a hmu chena native state dang dang hai le Manipur ngirhmun chu a nih. Hi lei hin native state-hai chu India ramin zalenna a hung hmu khan ditthlangna (option) pek an nih: India rama lut am, Pakistan rama lut? Native state po po deuh thaw chun India ram an zawm a, an zawm dan chu anni nuomthu lei dam, thawluina lei dam a nih.

India-in kum 1947-a independence a hmu char khan Manipur khawma Manipur State Constitution Act, 1947 hmang dingin a siemfel nghal a. A thiltum tak chu Manipura mipui sawrkar (democratic government) indin a; chutaka chun Rengpa chu mipui aiawa thlanghai thurawn laa rorel chu a nih. Chu constitution  chun legislative member 53 a siem a, a kum nawk June 11 le 27, 1948-in Manipur history-ah a vawikhatna mipui inthlang (general election) nei nghal a nih.

Chu election chu Manipur State Congress (MSC), Manipur Krishak Sabha (MKS), Socialist Party le hill (independent) candidate-haiin an contest a. Thlangtlinga um independent MLA-hai chun Praja Shanti Sabha (PSS) indinin Congress party thang lovin, coalition ministry an siem a, mipui thlang ni lo Maharaj Kumar Priyo Brata Singh, Maharaja Budhachandra Singh sangpa Chief Minister-in ruot a nih a. Minister 6 (4 phairama inthawk le 2 tlangrama inthawk Bob Khating le Teba Kilong ruot an nih. T.C Tiankham, Speaker le T.Bokul Singh Deputy Speaker-a thlang an nih bawk.

Dhablo Singh, President, PSS chun 17 December 1948-in Maharaja kuomah Manipur chu thuneina insang tak (sovereign power) neiin Maharaja chu constitution monarch niin tu chawkbuoi lovin a um zing ding a nih ti’n lekha a thawn a. Chubaka N.Ibomacha Singh, General Secretary, PSS, chun Assam Governor kuomah Manipur mipui Manipur State Congress MLA thang lovin Manipur India-a merge hi an nuom nawh ti thu a thawn bawk a.

PSS sawrkar chun 29 August, 1949-in Manipur le India inlaichinna an dit dan hiengang hin India sawrkar aiaw Dominion Agent kuomah an hril nawk a: 1. Manipur le India inzawmna chu Instrument of accession Maharaja-in a lo remti ta sa dungzuin fe zing sien. 2. Home rule neia a state sunga mipui insawrkarna hi fe zing sien. 3. India sawrkar aiaw khawm nitina Manipur rorelnaah inrawl lovin, Manipur constitution khuopna hnuoiah um ve sien. Hi thu le inzawm hin N.Ibomacha Singh, General Secretary, PSS le S.L.Lunneh chu Manipur ngirhmun hrilfel dingin Delhi-ah tir an nih nghe nghe.
Hienganga thu a fe zing laiin Manipur India rama a lut dan ding thuah September 21, 1949-in Manipur Rengpa le Governor General karah a hnuoia ang hin Manipur Legislative Assembly le PSS hriet lovin thuthlung siem a nih.

Article I: Rengpa chun 15 Ocotober, 1949-a inthawkin Manipur state inawp dan le thuneina po po India kutah inhlan a remti. Hi nia inthawk hin India sawrkar chun thuneina po po lain ama aia rorelna kengkawtu tlin tawka a ngai chun thuneina insang tak la tan a tih.

Article II: Rengpa chun ama mimal chanvo, chanvo tha bik, ngirhmun le title, sakhuo biekna thua dan le dunhai chunga thuneina nei a tih.

Article III: Hi nia inthawkin Rengpa chun a damsung a ram leimana inthawkin kum tin income tax pe lovin cheng nuoi thum hmung a tih. Hi hin ama le a sungkuo, venghimna,  a staff-hai, lalin, inneina le ser-le-sang thila sengso po po huom a ta, sukpung le suktlawm thei ni naw nih. State treasury, annawleh a danga inthawkin equal installment paliin advance-in India sawrkarin Rengpa kuomah peng a tih.

Article IV: State property ni lo, Rengpa mimal thil nei po po, a butlingin hmangin chen thei a ta. Hi thuthlung siem a nia inthawk January 1, 1950 hma ngeiin a thilnei dawmsawn thei le dawmsawn thei lo hai le venghimna thila sum hmang banghai chu sawrkar kutah a peklut ding a nih. Rengpa thilnei le state thilnei karah thubuoi a um chun, High Court Judge ngirhmun nei Judicial officer kutah inhlan ning a ta, a thutlukna chu Rengpa le state sawrkar chun an zawm ve ve ding a nih. Chun Rengpa ram Shillong khawpuia Redlands, Les Chatelletes le Guwahati khawpui sunga Manipuri Basti-hai hi tu khawmin iengkhawm hrilin inchu thei naw ni hai.

Aritcle V: Rengpa lal sungkuohai khawmin August 15, 1947 hmaa Manipur sung le puotienga Rengpa chavo, chanvo tha bik le thilnei po po hmangin chen thei veng an tih.

Article VI: Dan le custom dungzuia state lalthungpha hluo dinga Reng sungkuo inthlasawng dan  le chanvo, chanvo tha bik, ngirhmun, title, sakhuo thila ser-le-sang chunga lal sungkuo thuneina chu India sawrkarin hum tlat dingin an tiem.

Article VII: Rengpain a mimal thuneinaa a lo thaw le thaw lo dinga a rorel hun sunga mihai chung thua Manipur court-ah Rengpa kal zawngin indawnna le suiletna ieng thuneina khawm hmangin thaw ni naw nih.

Article VIII: Hi inremna thuthlung siem hmaa Manipur sawrkar hnuoia sin nghet lo thawtuhai chu India sawrkarin hum a ta. Chubaka, Rengpain thawktuhai pension, leave salary le pension mek ding hai hlaw a lo phalpek po po hai chu India sawrkarin hum a tih. State sawrkar sunga public service hran hrana Manipur mihai thawkna ding khawm India sawrkarin ngaivenin thawng a ta, vantlang nun, fak-le-dawn thu le inzawm dan le custom-hai humhal a remti.

Article IX: State rorelna India sawrkara inhlan a ni hmaa state sawrkara sinthawtu, a hmaa phalna lak hmasa ni lo, mi tu el khawm a sinthawnaa civil amani criminal proceeding thaw thei ni naw nih.
Hi inremna thuthlung hi India sawrkar aiawin V.P.Menon-in suoi a kei a; Assam Governor Sri Prakash-in suoi a kei bawk a. Manipur Rengpa Budhachandra khawmin suoi a kei ve. Kapil Arambam-in a hril dan chun Manipur Rengpa hi Redland, Shillonga a inah house arrest thawin hi  “Manipur Merger Agreement” hi suoi inkei luitir a nih ti’n a ziek.

Khi a chunga Merger Agreement 21 September, 1949-a ziek khi mipui dodalna hmu ding a um nawh. Maharaja Shillonga ko thlak a nih ti hriet a nih a. Hi merger agreement ziek hnung kar khat hnunga assembly ko chauh a nih hi hrietthiem an tak.  T.C.Tiankham, Speaker inrawinain PSS MLA 43-hai chun 28 September, 1949-in Assembly Chamber-ah inkhawmin a hnuoia thutlukna khu lungruol takin an pasi:

Reso.2: Maharaja-in a hming lo ziek ta sienkhawm, Manipur State Legistlative Assembly (MSLA)-in suoi keia remtina a pek zet naw chun  Manipur-in ramdang, annawleh, India sawrkar leh khawm inzawmna nei thei naw nih.

Reo.3: Prakash Shah, Assam Governor, V.P.Menon, Minister of State Affairs le Sardar Bhallavai Patel hai nawrlui leia Maharaja Budhachanra Singh-in Manipur Merger Agreement tia 21 September, 1949 nia Shillong-a suoi an lo inkeiluitir hi Manipur State Legislative Assembly remtina a um nawh. Manipur State Legislative Assembly chun hi inremna thuthlung hi a peithlak a, hmang naw bawk a tih.

Manipur State Legislative Assembly chun hi inremna thuthlung hi a hnawl fihlim  thak a, ama (MSLA)-in suoi keia remtina a pek naw chu pawm a  nih nawh tiin thu a sukthluk bawk a. Khi resolution-hai khi P.B.Singh, Chief minister, T.C.Tiankham, Speaker le I.B.Singh, Minister of Finance and Foreign affairs ha’n suoi an kei khum a nih.

Thil mak tak chu 21 September le 15 October 1949 kara Imphal khawlaidunga merger thuthlung dit nawna mipui rawl le nuorna hmu ding a um der nawh. Manipur State Congress Party hlak chu Manipur Indiaah lut dinga nawrtu a nih. Mipui mimirin thi umzie an hriet naw chun, thuoituhai mawphurna a nih. Hieng hi thil um dan a ni leiin Manipur Merger Agreement sirsana hmanga 15 October, 1949-a Manipur India rama belsa a nih hi thil mak a nih nawh. 

Hieng lai hin Manipur simthlanga Hmarhai chun Mizorama kawp dingin Manipur ramri vaitan zawngin, “Mizo sawrkar ngirhma’n rinum tuor langkhawm; Chung Pathien malsawmin ngir a tih” tia inawiin an lo lam mup mup kha tie! Kum 1948 inthlang khawm an lo boycott a nih khah. Manipur hmar tieng A.Daiho rawiin Nagahai del chin Manipur suoksan dingin nawrpui a lo thlak zing bawk.

Reng ram lien lem Hydrabad le Kashmir-ha’n an pumpel thei naw “Merger Into Indian Union” chu ieng khawkin am Manipur-in pumpel thei a ta? Manipur India Union-a a lutna thua hin Rengpa, MLA 53 le Manipur mipuiin maw an phur seng, intumtuo bik ding an um nawh. Punducherry, French ramper Indian Union-a kum 1947-a lut hman lo khawm kha, kum 1954 khan India sipai tha hratnain a laklui tho tho a nih khah. Manipur lem chu Mingo ramper hlutsaktuhai thlaphenah kum 1835-a inthawka kum 1947 chen lo um a nih tah. Indian sub-continent-a British awp ram taphawt chu India le Pakistan pakhat lem lemin an hung rochung el a nih. Pumpelna a um nawh.

Hi thu hi chieng nawk zuola hre nuom hai chun mob.7085313222 or laldensa@rediffmail.com a contact thei a nih.


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