A. THUHMA
Mizoram lo del hmasatu hai chu Hmar ei nih. Lusei hai an hung lut ve a, a lo cheng hmasatu Hmar hai an min do puia. Lusei hai bak titaklovah khawsak tienga inthawkin Pawi haiin an min do pui ve leiin, ei umna hmun pangai ah um thei ta lovin, Mizoram a inthawkin hmun thar le ramthar zawng tumin tam tak ei indar ta a nih. Hieng Assam, Manipur le Meghalaya a hai hin a tlandar hai ei lut a. Mizoram a chambang sun hai khawm hmun dang dangah ei indar zo tah. A bikin Mizoram hmar tieng pangah hai hmun ei khuor tawl ta a nih.
Lushai Hills a Sailo lal hai hnuoia khan Hmar hai ei lo khawsa ve.
Lushai Hills a Hmar khuo hai chu:
1. Biate khuo
2. Darngawn khuo
3. Khawbung khuo
4. Thiek khuo
5. Khawzawl khuo
6. Zote khuo
7. Tuolte khuo
8. Vankal khuo
9. Hrangchal khuo le
10. Kangbur khuo
Lushai Hills a Sailo lal hai khan a hnuoia Hmar khuo hai khu an lo uksak bek bek nawh
1. Vervek
2. Vaitin
3. Saiphai
4. Saipum
5. Mauchar
6. Vairengte le
7. Suangpuilawn.
Tuhin Mizoram a districts pathum-Aizawl, Kolasib le Saitual ah Hmar ei cheng.
B. KUKI
Khawvel Indopui Vawikhatna (1914-1919) khan Kumpinu rorelna hnuoia mi popo hai a lo tawkbuoi a. India rama Kumpinu thangpuitu ding sipai chen zawng a nih. Chutaka chun Hmar hai khawm sawrkar thangpui dingin tamtak chu Europe rama thangpuina thila inhmang dingin ei fe a. Chu chu sawrkarin a lawm leiin, a zu fe hai po chu “Kuli awlna” a mi pek. Nisienlalakhawm, chulai a sawrkarin Hmar hnam nina anga a mi kona chu “Kuki” a nih.
C. SYNLOONGNAO PARTY
Pu Khuma, Pu Laltintawng, Pu Laltudai Pudaite hai inrawina hnuoia Hmar dan hai le man-le-muol, rorelna dan hai lakhawma thu bawzui dingin Synloongnao Party chu 1937 khan indin a nih. “Hmar Fund” tiin naupang inchuklai, thiemthei si, harsatna leia sunzawm thei ta lo hai inchukna sunzawm thei dinga thangpuina pek rawt a ni a. Pu Thanlienkam le Pu Seikeng hai khawm hi thangpuina hi pek an nih. Matric an pasi nghe nghe. Dr. HS Thanglung, Pu HL Sela le DR Thuoma hai khawma “Hmar Fund” chu an thei ang angin an lo thangpui ve. Lushai Hills a Hmar hai khawma theitawp suoin Kumpinu sawrkar kha ei lo thangpui.
D. LUSHAI
Indopui vawihnina (1939-1945) a khan Japanese hai chu 1942 kum khan Assam ram chen an lo hung tlung a. Manipur tlangmi hai chen an chawkbuoi phak a nih. Saikawt khuo khawm India sipai Japanese thangpuitu haiin an hung sir. Hi indona a mani sawrkar thangpui dingin Hmar hai khawm sipai inbawrti tamtak indona hmun ah ei fe a. Synloongnao Party chu Hmar Federal Assembly (HFA) tiin thlaktleng a hung ni a. HFA hminga “War Fund” chu British India sawrkar thangpuina dinga pek a nih. Chun Independent Kohran hming khawma thangpuina ei lo pek. Red Cross le sipai hliem hai ei lo thangpui bawk. Sipai a fe nawtu haiin tha le sum hai sengin British India sawrkar ei lo thangpui. Hienga Hmar hai thilpeka inthawk hin ei ringumzie British India sawrkar chun a hung hriet ta pei a. Nisienlakhawm sawrkarin Hmar a lo hriet dan chu “Lushai” a ni naw le “Kuki” a nih.
E. HMAR
Tlawmngaina leiin Hmar sipai tamtak chun kum 1914-1945 sung khan "Hmar" tiin ei hnam chu ei lo ziek a. Ni nawna Kuki annawle Lusei hminga sinthaw le luvawm chan ei nuom bik ta naw leiin, Hmar hai ta ding bik lieu liu-in “Hmar Battallion” ei ngen a nih. Amiruokchu, “Battalion thar hawng a ni pha le Hmar Battalion chu ngaituo hmasatak a ni ding a nih”, tiin Assam Governor le Manipur Political Agent hai chun hnam thuoitu hai an lo inhriettir.
F. INDIA INDEPENDENCE
August ni 15, 1947 khan Pu Gandhi le Pu Nehru le mi tamtakin hunsawt tak sawl tak le inrimtaka ei lo buoipui hnungin, India chun British haia inthawkin zalenna chu a lo chang a. India chun a sunga hnamtin, chitin hai ta dinga insangna, hmasawnna le zalenna hai chu a hung ngaituo tan ta a nih. Hmar hai hi hun sawttak sunga kharkhipa lo um ei ni leiin, mani ram sunga mani hming ngeia um le sawrkara inthawka phurrik ei neihai chu a zang theina ding ngaituoin, India zalenna chu remchanga hmanga, India zar zo ve dingin nasatakin hma ei hung lak ve ta a nih.
Tuta Mizoram ei ti hi kha hma kum 1947-1952 laia Assam sunga Lushai Hills District kha a nih.
Mizo Union, Hmar National Union (Mizoram), Hmar People's Convention, HPC-D Mizoram Region hai kha Lushai Hills le Mizoram a ei political hriemhrei pawimaw bik hai an lo nih. Tuhin SHAIDC le HPC-D pawl pahni haiin Mizoram ah hnam santu pawl sin an thaw tah.
G. INDIA HMAR
India Hmar population a hnuoia hin ei hung tarlang
1. 1971 khan 38,207 ei nih
2. 1981 khan 36,365 ei nih
3. 1991 khan 65,204 ei nih
4. 2001 khan 83,404 ei nih
5. 2011 khan 98,988 ei nih
Kum 1941-2011 sunga Hmar population inthang dan
1941-1951=3,710
1951-1961=3,421
1961-1971=12,677
1971-1981=(-1,842)
1981-1991=28,839
1991-2001=18,200
2001-2011=15,584
Zawna 1.
Kum 1971-1981 hun khan iengleia Minus Growth am ning a ti aw?
Zawna 2.
Kum 1991-2011 hun sung popo ei population a tlawm tiel tiel el am ning a ta?
H. MIZORAM POPULATION
Kum 1901 khan tuta Mizoram population chu hieng ang hi a nih:
1. Lushai, 36,362
2. Hmar, 10,411
3. Chakma (Takam), 3,647
4. Paite, 2,870
Reang (Tuikuk), Lakher le Pawi hai record chu hriet a la ni nawh. 1961 khan Pawi 4,787 an um ve. Chakma 3,683 an um ta bawk. Reang chu kum 1971 khan 4,828 an nih.
Mizoram 2011 Census
1. Mizo/Lushai 7,34,910
2. Bru*
3. Chakma 96,972
4. Pawi/Lai 51,406
5. Lakher/Mara 42,855
6. Hmar 29,587
7. Paite 23,183
*NA
Mizoram 2001 Census
1. Mizo/Lushai 6,46,117
2. Bru*
3. Chakma 71,283
4. Pawi/Lai 42,230
5. Lakher/Mara 36,018
6. Hmar 18,155
7. Paite 14,364
I. MIZORAM HMAR POPULATION
1). Kum 1901 khan 10,411
2). Kum 1961 khan 3,188
3). Kum 1971 khan 4,524
4). Kum 1981 khan 13,102
5). Kum 1991 khan 12,535
6). Kum 2001 khan 18,155
7). Kum 2011 khan 29,587
J. MIZORAM HMAR POLITICS
Mizo Union 1946
Kum 1946 a inthawka kum 1952 chen kha Mizo tia khan Lushai Hills a Hmar a tamlemin ei lung ei lo suk awi a. In thlirhranna ei lo nei nawh. Mizo Union politics khan a mi lo fen tawl a. Zalen takin politics ei lo inhnel. Chuleiin Zohnathlak popo huop thei Mizo Autonomous District Assam sawrkar ah ei lo ngen thei a nih.
Kum 1947-1948 lai khan Manipur a Hmar le Kuki lal hai kara buoina a suok a. Hmar khuo a Kuki lal haiin an hereditary rights hum an tum leiin Mizo Union kha an lo dodal nasa hle. Khawtlang mipui a tamlemin Mizo Union kha vantlang rorelna intluntu ding angin an lo ngai a. Kuki lal le Hmar mipui kara inhrietthiemnawna a suok ta a nih. Chu thubuoi chu chiengfel dingin kum 1948 khan Manipur CM PB Singh Parbung ah a hung a. Chu hun a chun Manipur CM PB Singh chun Mizo Union politics inhnik ta lova, Manipur sunga Regional Council la lem dingin ei thuoitu hai a lo inhriettir. Manipur sunga regional council chu ei lo hnawl a. Manipur a Hmar delna popo Mizo District huomsunga rinlut dingin ei lo ngen lem. Chuleiin Manipur election 1948 kha Manipur Hmar haiin ei lo boycott a nih.
Amiruokchu, Assam hnuoia Lushai Hills kha kum 1952 khan ADC a hlangkai a hung ni a. Lushai Hills puotienga cheng Hmar hieng Manipur le Cachar a cheng hai a mi huopsa ta nawh. Manipur ah Regional Council chen lo hnawl Hmar hai ta dingin lungnat a um em em. Kum 1954 khan Lushai Hills kha Mizo Hills tiin an thlakthleng a chu Hmar hai lung a sukawi thei ta nawh. Khang hun laia ei hnam thuoitu hai kha thudik tan mi an ni a. Thil thei le theilo ding thil ti hai kha an lo sui nek nek nawh. Political realism la pakai lo an ni leiin, tuiruong um nawna a leilak bawl tum hai la ring pawl an lo nih. An phakchin khawvel a leng malamin Zohnathlak politics kha an lo sopui a nih. Tuhin chu Manipur, Cachar le Lushai Hills hai hi "administrative realities" an nih ti ei hung hriet pei tah.
Mizoram Centric Hmar politics
Kum 1954 khan Aizawl Town sunga cheng Hmar iemanizatin Hmar Fengo Federation (HFF) an indin a. HFF hi Pu Lalbuaia Khawlhring (Ex-MP), Pu Pu H. Raltawna (Retired IAS) haiin an tlawp ve. Chun kum 1956 khan India a Hmar hai a hranin ST list ah zieklut ei hung nih. Amiruokchu, Mizo National Famine Front (1959) a hung sosang khan Hmar tamtakin lungril ei pek nawk a. MNFF thuoitu dingin Pu J. Manliana Hmar an thlang ve.
Manipur Centric Hmar politics
Kum 1964-1965 laia HNU-Manipur, Assam le Tripura in Hmar Autonomous District a ngen khan Mizoram a Hmar hai lungril a tawk ve a. An inzepsa ve nuom thu HNU thuoitu hai an hril a. Chu le inzawm chun Mizo Hills huom sunga Hmar delna khuo Palsang, Vaitin, Sakawrdai, Khawpuar, Tinghmun, Mauchar, etc. ah HNU units indin an nih. Amiruokchu, an function mumal thei nawh. MNF boruok a hung sosang khan HNU units haiin muol an mi liem san ta a nih. Palsang HNU unit thuoitu Pu H. Thanga Keivom chu MNF in an kaphlum. Vaitin HNU thuoitu Pu Rohringa Pulamte khawm MNF in an man.
Hieng anga boruok a hung inlumlet chun MNF hratnaw pal a tih inlauvin MNF thuoitu Pu L. Malsawma Colney le a rawi hai Manipur Senvawn ah an lut a. Mipui lai HNU le MNF kara buoina an hrilfie. An thu hril chu thudik a pawmtu ei tam lem.
Chuong lai zing chun Mizoram a Palsang khuo ah Hmar Regional Council demandtu an hung um a. Pawi le Lakher haiin Mizo District Council hnuoia PLRC (1953-1972) an nei ang kha an demand ve. MNF thuoitu Pu Laldenga an inhmupui. MNF in thaibo dingin an inhriettir a. An sukbo.
Tipaimikh MLA centric politics
Kum 1972 khan Manipur chu state puitling a hlangkai a hung ni a. Manipur a Hmar delna biel Vangai tlang le Hmarbiel po Tipaimukh MLA biel ah rinlut a hung ni a. Kum 1972 a inthawka kum 1990 chen kha Hmar pahni MLA in ei lo thlangtling. Hmar in Manipur ah MLA ei hung nei a inthawka MLA candidate hai MLA tling tum politics in Hmar ADC politics a hung delde ta a nih. Mizoram a Hmar hai delna le Manipur a Hmar delna khuo popo khitkawpa ADC demand movement a hung chau tan a. Manipur ah Hmar ADC a hrana nei dan ding lampui hril ngam khawm an um ta nawh. Kum 1995 khan HNU in Tipaimukh, Thanlon le Saikawt biel ah MLA an ngir tir a. Hmar mipuiin ei thlangtling hne nawh. Kha zova inthawk HNU a hung chau tung ta pei a nih. Kum 1997 HNU election a khan MLA politics le Hmar hnam politics (ADC movement) thlirhran ei lo tum nawk a. Amiruokchu, ei hlawsam. Tuhin chu HPC-D Manipur Region hai thil demand hi hlawtling ngei dingin Manipur Hmar mipuiin chun ei lo thlir lem tah. HPC-D Manipur Region, HPC-D GHQ le HNA hai kara inremna tha tak a um ngei ei beisei.
HNU-Mizoram
Kum 1979 khan Pu L. Sungte le a rawi haiin vaitin ah HNU-Mizoram an indinthar a chu a function thei chuong nawh. MNF Major Pu Chalrikhuma Hmar in a vau tawl.
Indigenous le Mizoness
Mizo le inzawmin Mizoram Hmar lai ngaidan chi hni a hung um ta a nih. Pakhatna chu Mizo a lungawi. A pahnina ruok chu Mizo a lungawilo. Hmar in distinct culture ei nei a. Chu chu Mizo laka humhim a tul tia khekdawk pawl an nih.
Mizoram sunga ngei khawm Hmar chi hni ei um. Mizoram Hmar tieng Manipur le ramri hnaia cheng "indigenous inhabitants" anga inngai ei um a. Chun central area Aizawl le a sevela cheng insuk Mizo tah ei um bawk.
K. HPC MOVEMENT
Kum 1986 khan Mizoram UT chu Mizoram state puitlingin hlangkai a hung ni a. Mizo Accord ah Mizo Hills puotienga Hmar delna ram hai Mizoram state huomsunga rinlut a harsatzie sawrkar laipuiin ziekin MNF hai a lo hril. A i rasuok chu kum 1986 a Hmar People's Convention (HPC) kha a nih. Mizoram huomsunga Hmar haiin ei tawng, ei custom, ei culture ei humna ding le sawrkara ei chanpuol le hamthatna hai nawdawk ei hung tum ta a nih. Tawng a dam chun hnam khawm a dam. Mizoram a ei unau inpemlut tamtak hai in sunga Hmar tawng hmang ta lo an tam tah. Hmar an nih ti lan hre hai sienkhawm Hmar ah an hring ta nawh. Thangkhat liem hnunga lem chu an tu haiin Hmar khawm inti nuom ta naw ni hai ti ngaidan a hung suok a. Hmar hai khawma India danpui hnuoiah inhumhimna ei nei thei a nih ti hriein, kum 1986 a inthawk khan Mizoram ah Hmar hnam politics ei tan a, Sixth Schedule sunga ei um theina dingin Mizoram Governor a kuoma ah Memorandum ei lo submit a. HPC chun Hmar ADC a hung sopui ta char char a. Chu ADC chu Sixth Schedule Autonomous District Council hi a nih.
Non-violence chu ei hmangruo hmang a nih. March 28, 1989 khan Peaceful Bandh ei nei a, April 16, 1989 khan Total Bandh ei nei bawk. Nuhmei pasal hril lova Hmar nunghak tlangval hnam ta dinga mi tlawmngai haiin Mizoram sawrkar kut an tuorna hai kha ei hriet seng.
Hnam pasaltha hai zarin kum 1994 khan HPC le Mizoram sawrkar haiin inremna an lo ziek a, Sinlung Hills Development Council (SHDC) pieng dan ding ngaituo a hung nih. Chun Mizoram a Hmar hai delna ram popo Sixth Schedule a hlangkai an ni theina dingin Mizoram sawrkarin hma lang a tih, tiin ei inrem pui.
L. HPC-DEMOCRATIC
Hmar People's Convention-Democrats
Mizoram le HPC Accord 1994 a thupui pawimaw-Demand area popo Sixth schedule a hlangkai, Hmar tawng suklar le SHDC indin le election puitling nei pui ding ti hai kha kum khat sung implement an ni naw leiin Hmar tlangval lungawilo tam tak an hung um ta a. Chun SHDC kha sawttak el indin a ni naw leia beidawng an um bawk. SHDC area chu Sixth Schedule huomsunga zieklut a ni naw leia ningintel khawm an hung pung pei a. A tawpah, Hmar tlangval tamtak ramhnuoi ah an kir nawk. A i rasuok chu kum 1995 a Hmar People's Convention-Democrats (HPC-D) kha a nih.
Kum 1994 a sawrkar le inremna MoS kha sukpuitling dingin HPC-D chun Mizoram an hung nawr tan a. Hmar Autonomous Council an hung sopui tha nawk.
Hmar Revolutionary Front
Amiruokchu, HPC Accord a lungawilo tlangval thenkhat Manipur ah an kai tung a, Hmar Revolutionary Front (HRF) an indin.
Manipur a Naga helpawl NSCN (IM) Greater Nagalim buoipuitu haiin HPC-D an hung tlawp khan Naga thiltum dodaltu Meitei haiin Manipur le Mizoram ramri ah HRF an hung tlawp ta a nih. HPC-D in Vangai biel a awpde sa a. HRF in Hmar biel ah umhmun khuorin Meitei helpawl an thuoilut ta a nih. Chuong chun HPC-D le HRF karah inhrietthiemnawna lien tak a hung pieng a. HPC-D le HRF kara inhrietthiem nawna chun hnam thuoitu hai lungril a sukna hle a. Pawl pahni hai sukrem tumin Hmar Christian Leaders Forum (HCLF) le Hmar Liberation Front (HLF) in hma an lak a. Amiruokchu, an hlawsam veve. Kum 1999 khan UNLF helpawl le MAP chu Manipur-Mizoram ramri Vaitin ah an inkaptuo a. Hmar mipui an suk thlabar hle. Nunrawng HRF leiin pawi tawk lo Hmar hnam thuoitu Pu Ngurdinglien Sanate (Ex-MLA, Tipaimukh le Ex-Minister, Manipur), Pu HA Lalrohlu (Editor, Shan Daily le Accredited journalist) le Pu Songlienthang Songate (Vice President, HNU le Chairman, Hmar Joint Action Committee) hai chenin an hringna an lo chan pha a nih. Amiruokchu, June 7, 2000 khan Manipur a HRF helpawl sawmparuk hai chu Mizoram sawrkar ah an inpek.
SoO (Suspension of Operations)
Mizoram tieng ruok chu HPC-D hai zarin kum 1997 khan Mizoram sawrkarin SHDC chu a takin an din ta a nih.
HPC-D thuoitu le Mizoram sawrkar hai kara inbiekna in MoS 1994 a inchuonsa points a hnuoia ei tarlang hai khu a sukfel tum char char:
(1). Aizawl le Kolasib districts huomsunga SHDC demand area demarcation chungthu
(2). SHDC members hai election chungthu
(3). Hmar language sukhmasawn dan ding chungthu le
(4). SHDC huomsung popo Sixth schedule area a hlangkai dan ding chungthu.
Kum tam tak Mizoram sawrkar ta dingin HPC-D chu hling angin a hung um ta a nih.
1. HPC-D boruok siem leiin kum 2008 khan SHDC Election Rules tlangzar a nih.
2. Kum 2010 khan Mizoram sawrkar le HPC-D kara SoO signed a hung ni a. Mizoram Hmar issue hi chiengfel vat theina dingin inbiek theina boruok tha siem tumin SoO signtu haiin hma an hung lak ta a nih.
Mizoram tienga sawrkar thuoitu haiin HPC-D chu Central sawrkar, Manipur sawrkar le UPF hnuoiah SoO zieka, Manipur ah designated camp a um zing an nih, tiin thu an hung sopui tan a. HPC-D le a hrana Mizoram sunga SoO ziek annawle um ta sa pawtsei a tul nawh, an hung ti ta pei a. Chun Hmar issue le inzawma inbiekna ah Mizoram puotieng mi thang an hung phal naw a. Chuong chun May 11, 2011 khan SoO chu Mizoram sawrkarin a suktawp ta a nih.
HPC-D President Group
Chuong lai zing chun Mizoram sawrkar le inbiekna chungthu le Hmar movement fe pui pei dan ding thua HPC-D thuoitu hai lai ngaidan a hung inkal tan a. Kum tawp 2011 khan HPC-D chu group hniin an kawidar ta a nih. Group pakhat Pu Zosangber in an rawi a, HPC-D Chairman pawl tiin ei hung hriet ta pei a nih. Group dang chu HPC-D President Pu Lalhmingthang Sanate in an rawia, HPC-D President pawl tia hrietlar an hung nih.
HPC-D Chairman Faction
An kawidar a chu HPC-D in Mizoram ah ri a hung suksie nawk a. February 12, 2012 a Mizoram VC elections kha demand area a Hmar khuo ah HPC-D in a boycott a. Sawrkarin an term chu a pawtsei hlawl.
April 17, 2012 khan HPC-D in demand area huomsunga YMA branch thuoitu popo chu an office seal CYMA kuta thaklut dingin an hriettir a. Hmar delna khuoa YMA branch popovin an thaklut vawng.
HPC-D chun MoS 1994 a sixth schedule implementation dan ding thuah sawrkar ah pressure an siem a. HPC-D thil tum dodal zawnga chang CYMA le VC hai hai a pressure a. VC election an thul tir a. CYMA lu khawm a sukhai hle. Chu baka Lai le Mara angin Mizo ni zing sia Mizoram huomsunga Hmar hnam identity le culture hum theina ADC Hmar in ei mamawzie a sopui.
Amiruokchu, June 2012 khan HPC-D Commander-in-Chief Pu Lalropui Famhoite chu Silchar ah man a hung ni a. July 18, 2012 khan HPC-D Chairman Pu Zosangber khawm Delhi ah an man.
Chuong chun HPC-D le sawrkar inbiekna chu a hung mumal thei ta naw a nih. HPC-D sung a buoi neinuoi chun sawrkarpa hriemhrei pawimawtak a pek ta a nih. Zuk inbiekpui ding bik an hriet nawh, ti suonlamin an hung hmang a. Chuleiin inbiekna level kha official level a inthawk political level ah hlangkai harsa an hung ti ta a nih. Hieng lai zing hin August 5, 2013 khan CYMA, MUP le MHIP hai chun resolution pass in Mizoram sunga ADC indin ta lo dingin an vau.
Amiruokchu, Hmar mipui suklungawi tumin Mizoram sawrkar chun SHDC area chu biel sawmpahni in a the a. SHDC election nei vat a tum thu a hril mawl mawl.
Zokhawthiang
An ning intelin kum 2015 khan HPC-D chun Mizoram Assembly delegation Zokhawthiang khuo a van zin hai a lo lambun a. Mizoram Police pathum an kaphlum. AK 47 silai pahni le pistol pali sipai kuta inthawk an lakpek bawk. Mizoram sawrkar chun HPC-D chu unlawful organisation in puong a tum a. Hmar delna Mizoram Hmar tienga hai chu Disturbed Area anga puong a tum bawk. Sipai tha hratna hmanga Hmar movement sukchimit a tum ta a nih.
Sinlung Hills Council
Amiruokchu, CYMA, PRISM, Tuivai le Tuisual YMA Branch haiin AFSPA chu a counter productive lem ding a nih, tiin Mizoram sawrkar an inhriettir a. Boruok dang dang inkhi a ni hnungin HPC-D Chairman pawl thuoitu hai le inbiekna chu sunzawm nawk a nih. Kum 2017 khan HPC-D President pawl khawm inbiekna ah inthangtir ve tumin sawrkarin hma a lak rak a. Amiruokchu, pre-conditions pahni President a pawlin an set hmasa leiin inbiekna neipui an la ni nawh. Sixth Schedule Autonomous District ti le Central sawrkar hrietpuia inbiekna nei naw chun an thang nuom naw thu President pawlin Mizoram sawrkar an inhriettir.
Lusei tawng hmang Mizo haiin Mizoram a Chakma le Bru an en angin Hmar hi an mi en naw a. Chun Lai le Mara anga inti Zohnathlak nuom ta lo ei ni nawh, ti khawm an hriet. Ei huoizie Zokawthiang a ei politics a inthawk khan an hung hriet thar a, var pha nain an hmang. Chun Paite le Gangte neka ngirhmun insang nei ei ni leiin, Mizoram huomsunga an ruol le pai laia ruol ringum a mi siem an tum zing a nih. Chuleiin Mizoram a NGO haiin HPC-D pawl pahni le sawrkar inbiekna dingin boruok insangtak an dap pei a. Kum 2018 khan Mizoram sawrkar le HPC (D) Chairman Pawl chun inremna an hung ziek thei ta a nih. Chu zar chun Sinlung Hills Council (SHC) a hung pieng a. Tuhin SHC election hmasuon dingin ei inpuocha mek.
SHC hi Mizoram sawrkarin thiem taka Hmar autonomy movement sukrena dinga statutory outlet an din a nih, titu an ngirsuok a. SHC a inthawka Sixth Schedule a democratically le legally-a intawlkai tum haiin Sinlung Hills Accord Implementation Demand Committee (SHAIDC) an indin ta a nih.
Preserving the territorial integrity of Mizoram
Mizoram a ADC nei ta Pawi, Lakher le Chakma hai in autonomy insanglem an ngen zing a. Union territory a inhlangkai an tum bawk. Chu bakah, Bru le Paite hai chenin ADC an hni ve ta leiin nakie Mizoram hi la khawidar pal a tih ti inlautu Mizo thuoitu an pung zing.
Amiruokchu, Mizoram a HPC-D movement hin Mizo annawle Zohnathlak annawleh Mizoram state puotienga suok a tum nawh. Lushei centric Mizoisation le Luseism a inthawka inhumhim ei tum leia Mizoram hmar tienga cheng haiin HPC-D movement hi ei support a nih. Hmar ADC hi Mizoism a ei nghet nawk zuol theina dinga ei hni a nih.
M. HPC-D REGIONS
1. MIZORAM
(a). Mizoram a hnam santu pawl pakhat HPC-D Mizoram Region Mizoram sawrkar ah an in surrender ta a.
(b). Chun SHC le Mizoram sawrkar chunga lungawilo HPC-D President pawl khawm an um. HPC-D President pawl hai hin Mizoram hmun dang danga cheng hai Autonomous administrative unit pakhat hnuoia rinlut vawng an tum. May 2019 khan Pu Lalhmingthang Sanate, HPC-D (President) thuoitu chu Cachar ah Assam Police in an lo man tah.
2. ASSAM
Ei hnam sipai HPC-D Assam Region khawm Assam sawrkar ah an in surrender tah. Assam ah Hmar ADC an demand kha an bawzui zing. Cachar a Hmar hai ta dingin ST status an hni bawk.
3. MANIPUR
HPC-D Manipur Region chun Centre sawrkar, Manipur state le United People's Front (UPF) hnuoia kum 2008 a inthawk ta khan SoO a lo sign a. A fe pui zing. Manipur sunga tribal hai Territorial Council hnuoia Hmar hai hamthatna ding nawrdawk tum an nih. Manipur a ei innghatna ban pawimawtak an nih. Pu Lalthansang Pulamte @Sanga Hmar in a thuoi.
Amiruokchu, HPC-D Mizoram hai an insurrender a inthawk khan HPC-D hi chi hniin an kawidar tah.
(a). HPC-D Manipur
UPF thil hni Manipur sunga Territorial Council hnuoia Hmar hamthatna ding nawrdawk tuma hma latu an nih. ZRA/KNF ang thovin India le Manipur sawrkar an inbiekpui zing.
(b). HPC-D GHQ Faction
HPC-D GHQ an um bawk. Hi pawl hi Pu LK Hmar in a thuoi a. An HQ chu Sinlung a nih. Manipur a Hmar i delna khuo popo Sixth Schedule hnuoia huoilut vawng an tum. Kuki annawle Paite le formal taka inlaichinna an nei nawh. August 11, 2019 khan HPC-D GHQ faction mi le sa pahni chu Parbung le Lungthulien, Pherzawl district ah sipai haiin an man.
N. HMAR ADC A PIENG THEI NAWNA SAN
Ei zuk inhril thau hlak a chu official data le private record thenkhat besan chun Mizoram ah Hmar tawng hmang chu tlawmte chau ei nih.
1. Mizo (Lushei) tawng hmang zaah 73% an ni a.
2. Chakma 8%.
3. Mara 3%.
4. Kokborok/Bru 2.9%.
5. Pawi 2.6%.
6. Paite 2%.
7. Hmar tawng hmang zaah 1.6% chau ei nih.
8. Bengali 1.3%.
9. Hindi 0.97%
Chun Mizoram ah Hmar Autonomous District demand issue hi Mizoram sawrkar le mipui hai top priority a la ni nawh. Hmar issue neka buoipui tham thubuoi lienlem Mizoram ah tuhin pariet a um.
Chuong hai chu a hnuoia hin ei tarlang:
1. AUTONOMOUS DISTRICTS
Tuta Mizoram ei ti hi kum 1947 a inthawka 1972 chen kha Assam a district pakhat a lo ni a. Kum 1952 khan Assam huomsunga um zingin Lushai Hills Autonomous District Council pek a nih. Chu le inruol chun Pawi le Lakher hai khawma kum 1952 a inthawka 1972 chen kha Mizo District Council hnuoiah Pawi-Lakher Regional Council (PLRC) an lo nei ve. Hmar chu Mizo a lo inrui ei nih.
Kum 1972 khan Assam a Lushai Hills District kha Union Territtory a hlangkai a hung ni a. Chuleiin Lushai Hills District Council ni hlak kha suktawp a hung nih. Amiruokchu, PLRC kha April 2, 1972 khan Regional Councils pathumin thethrawp a hung ni a. Chu Regional Council pathum hai chu ni sawmhni le pasari zo chi April 29, 1972 khan Lai, Mara le Chakma hming putin ADC puitling pathuma hlangkai an hung nih. Hieng hun lai khawm hin Mizo a inrui ei la tam lem.
Mizo Autonomous District le Mizoram Union Territory sunga Hmar politics inhnel kha a daltu an lo tam.
(i). PAWI/LAI
Hluansang in Lai Tlang state, Chin Hills, Burma ah an din zo khan, Pawi group khat south west tieng an lut a. Tuta Bangladesh a Rengtlang chen lo zu lut pawl an um. Chu zova Pawi group hnina chu a tungin an kaia Champhai le Burma ramri a Tiau river an tan a. Kum iemanizat hnungah Vanlaiphai tieng an insawn a. Chu taka inthawk an inthedar nawka vawisuna an chengna hi an del ta a nih.
Tuhin chu Mizoram ah Pawi 75,477 an um a. Area 1,870 square km bawr an del. Member 23 nei ADC an nei a. An khawpui chu Lawngtlai a nih. Tuhin Congress in sawrkar a chel. MNF in 8 members an nei ve.
Pawi hai hin an culture, customs le language an ngaipawimaw hle a. Kum 1947 khan Pawi le Lakher Company chun Assam sunga Lushai Hills District Advisory Council thuoitu hai an lo inhmupui a, Lushai Hills Autonomous District sungah Regional Council an lo demand. Kum 1949 khan Pawi Lakher Tribal Union indinin Pawi le Lakher delna Mizo Hills District Council huomsunga mi popo Regional Council a zieklut an lo tum a. Kum 1953 khan an hlawtling.
Kum 1965 khan Chin National Army a pieng a. Pawi area popo Autonomous district hnuoia sie dingin sawrkar an nawr a. Assam sawrkar kuoma Lai politician Pu L. Chinzah in kum 1970 a memorandum a i submit a chun hieng hin an ziek:
"The entire eastern belt of Mizo District as far as Tuichang river on west, Champhai on north and the entire Lunglei area were Pawi territories".
MNF in nasatakin do sien khawm, kum 1972 khan Pawi Autonomous District a pieng tho tho. Mizoram state a hlangkai a hung ni zo chi kum 1988 khan Pawi haiin Lai inti an nuom thu sawrkar laipui an hril a. A pawm pek. Amiruokchu, Mizoram ST list a chu Pawi an la ni zing.
Kum khat khan Burma a Arakan army le Burmese hai inkaptuona leiin Zhakai hnam mi 1,700 bawr Lai ADC area ah an hung tlanlut a. Zhakai hai hi Buddhists le Christians an nih. Mizoram sawrkar lung a deng hle.
(ii). LAKHER/MARA
Lakher/Mara hi Mizoram ah 56,366 an um a. Area 1,445 square km bawr an del. An khawpui chu Saiha a nih. Mara hai ram del khu Burma le inrina lai a nih. Mara hai hin Burma a Chin hnam hai le inlaichinna thatak an nei. An inmikhuoltuo hlak.
Member 25 nei Mara ADC an nei a. Tuhin BJP le MNF in sawrkar an siem.
Kum 1988 khan Lakher a inthawk Pawi an in ti tah. Amiruokchu, Mizoram ST list ah Lakher an la ni zing.
Kum 2012 khan Mara helpawl Mara People's Army (MPA) pakhat M-16 leh Saiha ah man a nih.
Mara ADC thuoitu hai hin Chin Hills, Burma politics an inhnel phak ve hlak leiin Aizawl chun thil chite te a khawm Lakher area a thiltlung a ni chun a na a lo sit kak hlak.
(iii). CHAKMA
Mizoram a Chakma hai hi a then kum 1871 laia hung lut an um a. Kum 1945 laia hung lut an um bawk.
Chakma hi Mizoram pumpui population ah 10% an nih. West Tuipui le Tuichawng MLA biel hai hi Chakma hratna biel an nih.
Tuhin Mizoram ah Chakma 45,307 an um a. Area 686 square km bawr an del. Member 24 nei Chakma ADC an nei a. Tuhin Congress le BJP in sawrkar an siem. An khawpui chu Chawngte a nih.
Amiruokchu, Mizoram a Chakma za ah sawmruk vel chu CADC puotienga cheng an nih. Chakma lai Buddhists an tam. Jhum an nei a. Anachu, Christian khawm 7% an nih.
Chakma ram hi Bangladesh CHT le Burma Chin state le inri a nih. Chuleiin Bangladesh Chakma an hung lut hlak. Hi leia Mizo NGOs haiin NRC an sopui zing a nih.
Kum 1986 khan Pu Laldenga in Chakma ADC hi a lo thaibo tum a. A hlawsam. 1986 a inthawka 2001 chen kha CADC sukbo tumin private member resolutions vawi sawmhni pakhat Mizoram MLA haiin an lo pass a chu, CADC an tuoibo thei nawh.
Bru/Reang le Chakma hai hi Mizo/Lushai dawttu an nih. Kum 1990 khan Chakma le Bru hnawtdawk tumin Mizo Zirlai haiin Anti-Foreigners movement an lo huoihawt ve. An so nasa.
Chakma thuoitu hai beidawngna thenkhat chu a hnuoia hin ei hung tarlang
1. Kum 1950 zova Mizoram lut Chakma popo quit notice pek an nih, an tih
2. Chun kum 1996 khan Mizoram electoral rolls a inthawk Chakma hming 2,886 an thaibo, an tih.
3. Kum 1987 a inthawk khan vawikhat khawm Mizoram ah Chakma in MCS an la tling nawh, an tih.
4. Education le sawrkar sin insang ah Chakma hmu ding an vang.
5. Kum 2017 khan Chakma pali in NEET an clear a. Amiruokchu, Mizoram in MBBS an inchuk ding kha an dal a. Seats an pek nawh, an tih.
6. Kum 2018 khan YMA haiin CADC chen thaibo dingin sawrkar an phut, an tih.
Chuleiin an beidawngna a inthawka suok tumin vawisun hin Chakma haiin Chakmaland Union Territory an demand ta a nih.
Chun Bangladesh a Chakma helpawl PCJSS tuta hma a Shanti Bahini ei ti hlak hai kha Chakma ram a hin an hung inlang zeu zeu hlak. Kum 2013 khan Aizawl ah Chakma ramhnuoimi pathum AK 47 sawmthum pakhat le man an nih. Mizoram sawrkar na a ver hle.
Mizoram: Pawi, Lakher le Chakma
Ei hril ta ang khan tuta Mizoram hi kum 1972 chen kha Assam hnuoia lo um a ni a. Lushai Hills district hming a lo put. Chun kha sung popo khan Lushai Hills ah Mizo Autonomous District a um. Chu ADC hnuoia chun Mizo Autonomous Council MDC le Pawi Lakher Regional Council PLRC a lo um ve. Kum 1972 laia Assam sunga Lushai Hills District/Mizo Hills District an "abolished" nasan kha Lushai Hills kha UT in an hlangkai nuom lei a ni a.
Khanga Lushai Hills sawrkarin a abolish kham Lushai Hills hmun thuma thea hmun khata cheng Pawi, Lakher, Chakma, Reang, Bawm, Tlanglau, etc, Assam Lushai Hills district le Bangladesh/Myanmar kara khawsa hai chun an chanpuol fakkhawp hmuna dingin remchang ah an lo lak ve a nih. PLRC kha ADC puitling pathum suoktheina dingin an nawra, Pawi, Lakher le Chakma ADC a hran sengin an hung nawrdawk ta a nih.
Lai, Mara le Chakma hai ADC hi Myanmar le Bangladesh ramri a um an ni leiin hieng lai thubuoi ei hril pha international politics huoilut a tul zie hlak. Chu leiin Mizoram a ADC pathum hai hi an pawimaw em em. Chun Mizoram ta dingin hling an nih.
Tulaia ADC sukbo ding tia sopuitu hai thil nawr hin iengchen pha naw nih. Central sawrkar khawma thaibo ngam naw nih. State chun chierpui thei a tih. Tukhawma "mit na leiin a lu an tanbawng ngai nawh". Mit damdawi an zawng lem hlak.
Pu Rajiv Gandhi khan hieng te hin MNF thuoitu hai a lo hril:
"If Mizoram expect justice from India as a small minority, they must safeguard the interests of their own minorities like the Chakmas".
ADC pathum hai hin sawrkar laipui ah direct funding le autonomy insang lem an hni zing a. Tuhin ADC pathum LADC, MADC le CADC hai direct funding dan ding le Union Territory status a hlangkai dan ding Chakma, etc. haiin an buoipui zing. Chuleiin Mizoram in ADC um ta sa hai sukbo an tum tah.
Mizoram khawidar naw chun Mizoram a ADC pathum a inthawkin Chakmaland UT, Maraland UT le Lairam UT pieng naw nih. Mizoram in Mizoram territorial integrity chu a theitawp suoin hum a tih.
Chuleiin Mizoram sunga ADC la demand zing Hmar, Paite le Bru hai hi Mizoram sawrkar chun tuta inthawka kum iemani chen chu ADC recommendation pek a tum hmel ta nawh.
2. MIZOISATION
Mizoram a khuo hming tamtak hai hi Lusei hai an hung thlak hma a ei lo chengna hmun, ei pahnam hming seng chawia ei lo phuok an nih.
Chun Zohnathlak hai popo hi Myanmar rama chun CHIN, Mizoram a chun MIZO, Tripura a chun KUKI tia ko hlak ei lo nih, titu ei um bawk.
LUSEI ti hi hnam bing hming, Mizo laia hnam pakhat ve a nih. Mizo tawng laia Lusei tawng a hung inlar tak leiin Mizo ti hi Lusei hai pek bik ding a ni nawh.
Mizo tawng la hung pieng ding chu Mizo hnathlak tawng popo lakkhawm le Sap tawng, Hindi, Kawl tawng, Meitei tawng le an kawl le kienga an indawrpui hai tawng an lakluthai le inchekpawl, tawng la ning a tih, ti pawl ei um bawk.
A chunga ei tarlang po khi Mizoisation ei tih.
Hnam anga ngirsuok nuom pawl ei um lai, a tamlem chu dual identity Mizo le Hmar inkawpa ngirsuok tum ei um. Mizo ah hmin pawl ei tam leiin titna ei hau a, kha lei khan Hmar movement chu Mizoram ah a hrat thei nawh, an tih.
3. CYMA, etc.
Kum 2012 khan HPC-D in demand area sunga YMA Branch popo warning pein function ta lo dingin an hriettir a. Tuisual YMA Group huomsunga YMA unit sawmparuk haiin an zawm a. Tuivawl, Serlui le Chalfilth YMA hai khawma moral support an pek.
Hmar area po po disturbed area angin Mizoram sawrkarin puong a tum khan CYMA chun Mizoram sawrkar chu a sawisel.
Amiruokchu, Central Young Mizo Association (CYMA), Mizoram Upa Pawl (Mizo Elder Federation) le Mizo Hmeichhe Insuihkhawm Pawl in kum 2013 khan Mizoram ah ADC indin rem an ti ta naw thu Mizoram sawrkar an lo hril tah.
4. MIZORAM MLA/VILLAGE ELECTION
a). MLA ELECTION 1988
Kum 1988 HPC movement a sosang laia Mizoram MLA election a khan HPC in Ratu, Suangpuilawn le Bilkhawthlir MLA biel ah MLA candidate pathum a lo inngir tir ve a.
Ei candidate hai an tling naw vawng.
(i). Ratu MLA biel ah
HPC candidate Pu Malsawma in 998 a hmu. MNF candidate Pu Lalrinchhana in 3018 hmuin a tling.
(ii). Suangpuilawn MLA biel ah
HPC candidate Pu Siamhnuna in 225 a hmu. Congress candidate Pu Vanlalngena in 1824 hmuin a tling.
(iii). Bilkhawthlir MLA biel ah
HPC candidate Pu Lalhmingthanga in 581 a hmu. Congress candidate Pu Zalawma a tling.
A telpuiin Mizoram a Hmar hin HPC movement hi ei la paw nawh.
b). VC ELECTION 2013
Kum 2012 khan HPC-D in Hmar demand area sunga VC election a lo boycott a.
Kum 2013 khan Mizoram demand area sunga Village Council sawmpanga ah byelection nei a nih. VC member sawmnga pasari ah HPC party in sawmpanga chau ah hratna a chang.
HPC hratna biel hai chu a hnuoia hin ei hung tarlang:
1. Saipum ah 5/5 VC members
2. Mauchar ah 3/3
3. Zokhawthiang ah 3/3
4. Zohmun ah 2/5
5. Saiphai ah 1/5
6. Vaitin ah 1/5.
A hnuoia khuo a hai khun Hmar in HPC party mi le sa VC member dingin ei thlang tling hne nawh.
1. Sakawrdai
2. Vervek
3. Khawpuar
4. Lungsum
5. Khawdungsei
6. Tinghmun
7. New Vervek
8. Palsang
9. Thingsat
Chun HPC hminga tlung 15/57 ah hming khela Hmar inziek an um nawh.
Saipum VC member panga HPC hminga tling hai chu
1. Lalramchhana
2. Lalrochhunga
3. Thuamzaliana
4. Lalrawngbawla le
5. Rokhupa an nih.
HPC political party hin demand area mipui hai Hmar ADC chungthu ah a la mobilise hne nawh, ti an lang a. Chun HPC-D in mainstream public lai base a lo nei nawh ti a sukchieng bawk.
Kum 2015 khan demand area a khuo sawmthum le pakhat ah VC election HPC-D in a boycott nawk a. Hi tum hin HPC-D area ah VC election nei thei a ni nawh. A tamlem ah nominations file ngam an um naw a. A file tlawmte hai khawma last hour ah an inhnukdawk nawk vawng. A chamlovin sawrkarin VC hlui hai term a pawtsei ta a nih.
Amiruokchu, HPC political party hminga demand area huomsunga Village Council election a thlangtling chu tiemkhawp khawm ei tling nawh. HPC political party sirdetu ei la tam lem tina a nih.
5. MIZO NATION STATE
Pu Laldenga, Pu T. Sailo le Pu T. Gougin hai khan Mizo Nation State le Greater Mizoram an lo sopui ngun hle.
Mizo Nation State i huop biel hai chu
1. Manipur
2. Assam
3. Tripura
4. CHT, Bangladesh
5. Chin State, Burma
6. Mizoram state hai hi an nih.
Mizo Accord 1986 a khan India sunga Mizo Hills puotienga Zohnathlak hai Mizoram ah rinlut an ni thei naw ding thu sawrkarin an chuonsa a chu la beidawng lo MNF thuoitu tamtak an la um. Mizoram state hi Mizo Nation State lampuia vawikhat chawlhadamna hmun chau a nih, tia politcs chien hieng Hmar ADC, Paite ADC ti hai la hrillang lo dinga Hmar le Paite hnam thuoitu buthmuntu an um. Chuong hai chun Mizo, Zofest, Kut, ZORO, ZO movement an sopui zing.
Zuk hril kai pei ei tih. HPC Accord 1994 implement naw leia lungawilo Hmar group khat kum 1995 khan Manipur ramhnuoia an lut a, HRF an indin. Mizoram sawrkar "Greater Mizoram" policy le Manipur le Mizoram khitkawpa Hmar ADC nawr dawk tum dam ni pal an tih, ti inlauna leiin Manipur hel haiin ruol thain an siem nghal a. Hmar biel ah Meitei helpawl inden lalin kum 2004 chen kha ei lo umpui a nih. HRF kha sirsanin Meitei haiin Manipur le Mizoram ramri ah Manipur territorial integrity an humhal a. Mizoram ruok chun HRF kha Greater Mizoram policy ah hmang a lo tum hlak. A hlawtling nawh. Amiruokchu, June 7, 2000 khan HRF helpawl sawmparuk Mizoram sawrkar ah an inpek. Imphal ah hang insurrender nekin Aizawl ah an hang inpek lem hlak a inthawk hin Mizoram hi pa le nu anga ei hmang a nih, ti a sukchieng a. Pa le naupa insel angin ei lo insel vawitam hlak a chu, Thangal Bazar a va kai nekin Vaivakawn bazar hang kai zawk kha inhawi ei ti lem tlat.
Chun Mizoram a ei hnam thuoitu a tamlem hai hi YMA le MZP annawle VCP environment a inthawka Hmar hnam thuoitu a hlangkai ei ni tawl a. Hmar-Mizo dichtomy a hin ei chiai ve hlak. Ei hrietthiem an tul.
Hi lei hin Mizoram sawrkarin Hmar chu a in neitu angin a mi ngai a. A hranpa a Mizoram suoka in hran bawl a tul nawh, an ti hlak. Politics in Hmarism hi hmang tangkai dan a hriet a chu Hmar hi Mizo a hnam pakhat an nawh, tukhawma ei ti ngam nawh.
Mizoram a sawrkar hrim hrimin Mizoram hmar tienga Hmar hai hi Chakma, Bru le Mara ang lawm lawmin an mi hmusit nawh. Linguistically le culturally, Hmar le Lusei hai ei inhnai tak. Chuleiin min thuruolpuia, state danga zohnathlak hai himna ding political apparatus pakhat mi siempui an tum zing.
Manipur Hmarbiel le Vangai tlanga work force a tamlem chu Manipur a lut a nih. Mizoram le Manipur ramri a Hmar hai inlaichinna a tha nawk zuol theina dingin Tuival leilak hi siemthat phawt a tul a. Chun Aizawl a inthawk Churachandpur chen Parbung hrawthlengin MST bus kartin service huoihawt a tul bawk.
6. LUSEISM
Lusei tawng a thu le hla hung suok le an inlet fawm ti hai naw chu hnam dang hla le thu chu Mizo thila ngai nawna a um a.
Lusei hai lam dan ti lo hieng Mizo-Chin-Kuki-Zo/Zohnathlak-Hmar, Lakher, Pawi, Paite, Thado le hnam dang dang lam chu Mizo lam a pawm nuom nawna lungril lien tak el a um a.
Mizorama inthawk a mi a ni ngat naw chun ram le hmun danga Mizo inti hai thilthaw chen khawm Mizo aiaw a ngai thei nawna lien tak a um bawk.
Mizo nunphung inentirna a um chang a Lusei hai thaw dan chau Mizo nunphung a ngaina a um hi Luseism a nih.
Lusei lam le Lusei tawng chau hi Mizo an nawh. Hmar lam le Hmar tawng khawm Mizo tawng a nih, titu ei pung zing. A san chu umna hmun le Mizoram a ei i pal mek political boruok in a la zir naw tlat leiin open taka Luseism offend ngam ei la ngirsuok ngam nawh.
7. REANG/BRU
Kum 1961 khan Mizoram ah Bru 1,000 an um. Kum 1971 khan Mizoram ah Tuikuk 4,818 an um a. Khang lai khan Mizoram a Hmar 4,524 ei nih. Kum 1981 khan 4,086 an tling. Kum 1991 khan 31,921 an tling tah, an tih.
Bru hai hi Mamit, Kolasib le Lunglei districts ah an bubit a. An chengna khuo a tam lem chu Assam, Mizoram le Tripura ramri le inzuol an nih. Hieng an chengna biel hi MLA biel pakuo in a huom a. Hechheck, Mamit le Dampa MLA biel saw Bru tamna biel a nih.
Bru a hin Hindu an tamlem leiin Mizo Christians haiin an sukduda hlak tia khekdawk pawl an um. Mizoram Bru hin Assam a an unau Bru le inlaichinna thatak el an nei a. Hailakandi le Karimganj a Bru helpawl BLAU le UDLA le tacit understanding an nei bawk.
Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mamit district a misuol iemanizat hai sawn Tripura helpawl NLFT thangpuina an hmang zeu zeu hlak.
Bangladesh a CHT huomsunga Maian Hills an i ti Rangamati lai sawn Bru tamtak an um a. Mizoram a Bru thenkhat hai hi kum 1940 laia Mizoram hung lut an ni a. Amiruokchu, a tam lem hi chu kum 1954 bawr a hung lut chau an nih.
Mizoram a pawl hran hranin indigenous tribe an ni nawh tiin Bru hai hi hnawtdawk an lo tum hlak. Chu le inzawma buoina rasuok chu kum 1996 a Bru helpawl Bru National Liberation Front (BNLF) kha a nih. Kum 1997 a inthawk khan Bru National Union (BNU) haiin Mizoram sunga Autonomy an lo demand ve tah.
October 1997 khan BNLF haiin Mizo forest guard pakhat Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mamit district ah an kaphlum a. Mizo hai lungsenin Bru tamtak Tripura chen an zu hnawt thlur. Khuo sawmli le pakhat an raw pek bawk. A tlanhmang Bru 40,000 bawr hai chu Tripura Relief Camp paruk ah enkawl an nih. Iemanizat chu Mizoram ah an hung kir nawk tah.
Kum 2005 khan BNLF helpawl 195 an insurrender a. Mizoram ST list ah Reang chu Bru angin zieklut dingin Mizoram sawrkar an ngenna chu bawzui tumtu an um tah.
Kum 2006 khan Bru Liberation Front of Mizoram (BLFM) helpawl 802 an insurrender ve a. Bru ADC an demand ve tah.
2009 khan Bru helpawlin Mizo nunghak an sawisak leiin Bru tam tak chu Mizo haiin Tripura tieng an hnawt hmang.
Kum 2010 khan Bru 8,573 chu Mizoram ah an hung kir a. Amiruokchu, CYMA thuoina hnuoia NGO inzawmkhawm hai pressure leiin kum 2011, 2012 le 2015 khan Bru refugee chungthuah Mizoram sawrkar le Bru thuoitu hai kara inbiekna chun inremna tak tak a siem nawh.
July 2019 khan Mizoram sawrkar chun Tripura relief camps paruk a um Bru 26,128 chu Mizoram mi le sa anga tiemin Mizoram ah vote nei thei dingin a lo pawm tah. Tuhin Mizoram zamsan a Tripura zu lut Bru 20,000 bawr hai chungthu chu Centre, Mizoram, Tripura le MBDPF haiin an sui zing.
Iengangin Christian ah lutin, Mizo hming la-in Mizo fak le dawn zawng danin zawng hai sien khawm Bru hai hin Zohnathlak angin an Mizo thei tak tak nawh, an tih.
Chun Mara, Chakma le Bru hai hin Zohnathlak an naw le Mizo hnuoia um tak tak harsa an tih. Sailo lalin an lo awp ve naw lei ning a tih.
Hmar ruok chu Sailo lal hnuoia um ei lo tam a. Customs, traditions, culture le language thuah Mizo Lusei le hin inangna ei hau a. Ei vangnei bik.
RSS in Mizoram a Bru hai case hi a lak ta a. Central sawrkar ah an putlut tah.
Bru hin Mizoram ah ADC an hni ve zing a. Hmar hai ADC pek ei ni chun Reang hai hin an theitawp suoin Mizoram sawrkar an pressure ve ring a um.
8. PAITE
Tuta Mizoram a hin kum 1901 khan Paite 2,870 an um a, 1921 in 10,460 an tling thman. Kum 2011 Census a chu Mizoram ah Paite 23,183 an tling tah. Khawte ah 17,878 an um a. Khawpui a um 5,305 an nih.
Mizoram a Paite hai hi Sialkal Range le Burma ramri laia cheng an ni tawl a.
Sialkal a Paite hai hi 17th century a Mizoram lo hung lut an nih. NE Khawdungsei, Kawlbem, Vaikhawtlang, Khawkawn, Chiahpui, Mimbung, Teikhan le Selam khuoah an um.
Burma ramri laia Paite hi chu kum 1930s laia Mizoram hung lut an nih. Vapar, Murlen, Ngur, Lailipha, Ngaizawl, Leisenzo le Sesih a sawn an cheng.
MLA biel pahni ah inden lala um an nih.
Tuta Mizoram hi Assam sunga Lushai Hills Autonomous Council a ni lai khan Sialkal Range Paite National Council thuoitu haiin Assam CM hlui Pu BP Chaliha kha lo hmuin Mizo Hills District Council huomsunga Pawi le Lakher Regional Council ang kha Paite ta dingin an lo hni ve a. Amiruokchu, pek an ni nawh.
Kum 1991 a inthawk khan Sixth Schedule hnuoiah Paite Autonomous District an lo demand ve. 1993 khan Ngopa bielah PNC President Pu Zathuama chu MLA dingin thlangtling a hung ni a. Paite ADC theitawp suoin a lo nawr. Hmar in SHDC an hmu khan an lo thik ve em em a nih.
Kum 2003 khan Paite hnam chu Mizoram ST list ah ziektlar an hung ni a. Chun kum 2008 khan Mizoram sawrkarin economic package Sialkal Tlangdung Development Council (STDC) a pek. STDC hin khuo paruk a huom a. Local MLA chairman a ni a. Ngopa SDO Civil chu Member Secretary a nih.
STDC chu kum 2015 khan Sialkal Range Development Council (SRDC) a hlangkai a hung ni a. Chun Mizoram a Paite khuo Burma ramri a um hai khawm a huopsa tah.
Tuhin Mizoram a Paite haiin SRDC hi Sixth Schedule a hlangkai tumin hma an lak zing.
Hmar hai Sinlung Hills Council (SHC) hi Sixth Schedule huomsunga hlangkai a ni vei chun Paite haiin an SRDC hi Sixth Schedule hnuoia hlangkai ve dingin an ngen ding a ni leiin Mizoram sawrkarin SHC hi Sixth Schedule hnuoia a la sie hri naw a nih.
O. THUKHARNA
Hun le ni kum hai a hung liem a, kum 1994 a MoS a thu pawimawbik hai kum 20 chuong Mizoram sawrkarin implement lovin a lo sie thang a, SHDC khawm interim period in an mi sawisak zing a. Mizoram Hmar politician haiin sawrkar biek tlawn tha sieka ei thaw a, ei hnam hmasawnna ding lampui hraw nekin political party tin ei ngaizawng a. Hmar politics nekin phingpui politics in ram lientak a hung lak tah a nih.
Amiruokchu, HPC Accord 1994 kha full-a implement tuma hma la ngam le ngirsuokpuitu SHAIDC chu kum 2016 khan an hung suok ta a nih.
(1). SHAIDC
Mizoram a ei hnam movement fe mek hin hlawtlingna hmel a hmu theina ding lampui ngaituona lein, Sinlung Hills Accord Implementation Demand Committee (SHAIDC) chu kum 2016 khan indin a nih. Court pisa chu hmangruo dingin Committee chun a lo thlang a. Kum 2016 ma khan Mizoram Chief Minister Pu Lalthanhawla kuomah Memorundum of Settlement Mizoram sawrkar le HPC helpawlin an i lo sign kha sukpuitling dingin ultimatum an pek a. Dawnna thlakhat sung an nghak a. Amiruokchu, Mizoram sawrkar a inthawkin dawnna an hmu nawh. Chuleiin, dan hmangin High Court ah Mizoram sawrkar chu khing an tum ta a nih. May 25, 2016 khan SHAIDC chun Gauhati High Court Aizawl Bench ah Mizoram sawrkar chu case an file khum a. Gauhati High Court chun hearing a nei a. Thla ruk sunga Mizoram sawrkar inhrilfie dingin a tih.
Mizoram sawrkar inhrilfiena chu Gauhati High Court chun thu tlingin a pawm naw a. Kum 2017 khan Gauhati High Court chun order an suo ta a nih. Chu order chun Mizoram sawrkar le HPC inremna MoS kha kum khat sunga sukpuitling dingin Mizoram sawrkar an hriettir. Hun tiem sung sawrkarin a sukpuitling naw leiin, Court inza nawna thubuoi case file nawk a nih. Court thutlukna sukpuitling ngei dingin Mizoram sawrkar natakin Court in order a pek. SHAIDC chun Court case hi a bawzui zing.
(2). SHC
HPC-D, SHAIDC le hnam thuoitu hai hmalakna zar chauvin kum 2018 khan Mizoram sawrkarin hmawtsarumin HPC-D Mizoram Region chu an biek pui nawk ta a nih. Sinlung Hills Council (SHC) hi a i radawk chu a nih. SHC hi ei beisei le dittak Hmar ADC a la ni nawh. Sinlung hi 'Imagined territorial homeland" mei mei a nih. SHC a Sinlung hi Hmarram a thlaktheng tum khawm an um. Amiruokchu, SHC hi vawikhat chawl hadamna a ni ve, titu ei tam lem. Tuta interim SHC term hi September khin tawp a tih. Electoral roll hai sukfel a ni pha, election puitling an ko ring a um.
(3). HPC-D (PRESIDENT)
HPC-D (President) pawl hai hi SHAIDC court case (2016) le SHC (2018) ah lungawilo an nih.
Hmar hnam hi India danbu ah Scheduled Tribe laia pakhat a zieklut ei ni a. Mizo ti khawm a hrana chuong ang bawka zieklut a nih, ti an hung sopui a. Hmar ti le Mizo ti hi ngirhmun inang chara um an nih, tiin Mizoram Hmar movement an fepui zing. Mizoram sawrkar le inbiek ding chun Sixth Schedule chu inbiekna table ah sie hmasa phawt naw chun Mizoram leh inbiek ni naw nih, tiin sawrkar fielna chu an lo hnawl tah.
India history tiem hlak haiin ei hriet. Kum 1885 hma popo kha hmun tin ram tina um India mi le sa hai khan party le organisation an lo nei ve a. An del ram le an phak tawktawkin regional politics an lo inhnel ve a. Amiruokchu, regional organisations hai khan Indian national politics ti kha an lo inhnel phak nawh. Pu AO Hume a rawia kum 1885 a INC an indin kha India pumpui huopa Indian national politics an inhnel tanna dinga bulthrutna a nih. Kha foundation kha Pu SN Tagore, Pu Gokhale le mi dang dangin det deuvin an lo siem a. Pu Gandhi le Pu Nehru haiin an hung sukdet a. An ni hai zar chauvin 1947 ei tlung thei a nih.
Vawisuna ei Hmar Regional Politics-HPC-D Mizoram Region, HPC-D Assam Region le HPC-D Manipur region hai hi India pumpui huopa "Hmar National Politics" a mi hlangkaitu ni ngei raw hai seh.
-Inputs lakhawmtu:
~Dada le Jojo-Pa,
Hmarkhawlien, Cachar, Assam
27.8.2019
Mizoram lo del hmasatu hai chu Hmar ei nih. Lusei hai an hung lut ve a, a lo cheng hmasatu Hmar hai an min do puia. Lusei hai bak titaklovah khawsak tienga inthawkin Pawi haiin an min do pui ve leiin, ei umna hmun pangai ah um thei ta lovin, Mizoram a inthawkin hmun thar le ramthar zawng tumin tam tak ei indar ta a nih. Hieng Assam, Manipur le Meghalaya a hai hin a tlandar hai ei lut a. Mizoram a chambang sun hai khawm hmun dang dangah ei indar zo tah. A bikin Mizoram hmar tieng pangah hai hmun ei khuor tawl ta a nih.
Lushai Hills a Sailo lal hai hnuoia khan Hmar hai ei lo khawsa ve.
Lushai Hills a Hmar khuo hai chu:
1. Biate khuo
2. Darngawn khuo
3. Khawbung khuo
4. Thiek khuo
5. Khawzawl khuo
6. Zote khuo
7. Tuolte khuo
8. Vankal khuo
9. Hrangchal khuo le
10. Kangbur khuo
Lushai Hills a Sailo lal hai khan a hnuoia Hmar khuo hai khu an lo uksak bek bek nawh
1. Vervek
2. Vaitin
3. Saiphai
4. Saipum
5. Mauchar
6. Vairengte le
7. Suangpuilawn.
Tuhin Mizoram a districts pathum-Aizawl, Kolasib le Saitual ah Hmar ei cheng.
B. KUKI
Khawvel Indopui Vawikhatna (1914-1919) khan Kumpinu rorelna hnuoia mi popo hai a lo tawkbuoi a. India rama Kumpinu thangpuitu ding sipai chen zawng a nih. Chutaka chun Hmar hai khawm sawrkar thangpui dingin tamtak chu Europe rama thangpuina thila inhmang dingin ei fe a. Chu chu sawrkarin a lawm leiin, a zu fe hai po chu “Kuli awlna” a mi pek. Nisienlalakhawm, chulai a sawrkarin Hmar hnam nina anga a mi kona chu “Kuki” a nih.
C. SYNLOONGNAO PARTY
Pu Khuma, Pu Laltintawng, Pu Laltudai Pudaite hai inrawina hnuoia Hmar dan hai le man-le-muol, rorelna dan hai lakhawma thu bawzui dingin Synloongnao Party chu 1937 khan indin a nih. “Hmar Fund” tiin naupang inchuklai, thiemthei si, harsatna leia sunzawm thei ta lo hai inchukna sunzawm thei dinga thangpuina pek rawt a ni a. Pu Thanlienkam le Pu Seikeng hai khawm hi thangpuina hi pek an nih. Matric an pasi nghe nghe. Dr. HS Thanglung, Pu HL Sela le DR Thuoma hai khawma “Hmar Fund” chu an thei ang angin an lo thangpui ve. Lushai Hills a Hmar hai khawma theitawp suoin Kumpinu sawrkar kha ei lo thangpui.
D. LUSHAI
Indopui vawihnina (1939-1945) a khan Japanese hai chu 1942 kum khan Assam ram chen an lo hung tlung a. Manipur tlangmi hai chen an chawkbuoi phak a nih. Saikawt khuo khawm India sipai Japanese thangpuitu haiin an hung sir. Hi indona a mani sawrkar thangpui dingin Hmar hai khawm sipai inbawrti tamtak indona hmun ah ei fe a. Synloongnao Party chu Hmar Federal Assembly (HFA) tiin thlaktleng a hung ni a. HFA hminga “War Fund” chu British India sawrkar thangpuina dinga pek a nih. Chun Independent Kohran hming khawma thangpuina ei lo pek. Red Cross le sipai hliem hai ei lo thangpui bawk. Sipai a fe nawtu haiin tha le sum hai sengin British India sawrkar ei lo thangpui. Hienga Hmar hai thilpeka inthawk hin ei ringumzie British India sawrkar chun a hung hriet ta pei a. Nisienlakhawm sawrkarin Hmar a lo hriet dan chu “Lushai” a ni naw le “Kuki” a nih.
E. HMAR
Tlawmngaina leiin Hmar sipai tamtak chun kum 1914-1945 sung khan "Hmar" tiin ei hnam chu ei lo ziek a. Ni nawna Kuki annawle Lusei hminga sinthaw le luvawm chan ei nuom bik ta naw leiin, Hmar hai ta ding bik lieu liu-in “Hmar Battallion” ei ngen a nih. Amiruokchu, “Battalion thar hawng a ni pha le Hmar Battalion chu ngaituo hmasatak a ni ding a nih”, tiin Assam Governor le Manipur Political Agent hai chun hnam thuoitu hai an lo inhriettir.
F. INDIA INDEPENDENCE
August ni 15, 1947 khan Pu Gandhi le Pu Nehru le mi tamtakin hunsawt tak sawl tak le inrimtaka ei lo buoipui hnungin, India chun British haia inthawkin zalenna chu a lo chang a. India chun a sunga hnamtin, chitin hai ta dinga insangna, hmasawnna le zalenna hai chu a hung ngaituo tan ta a nih. Hmar hai hi hun sawttak sunga kharkhipa lo um ei ni leiin, mani ram sunga mani hming ngeia um le sawrkara inthawka phurrik ei neihai chu a zang theina ding ngaituoin, India zalenna chu remchanga hmanga, India zar zo ve dingin nasatakin hma ei hung lak ve ta a nih.
Tuta Mizoram ei ti hi kha hma kum 1947-1952 laia Assam sunga Lushai Hills District kha a nih.
Mizo Union, Hmar National Union (Mizoram), Hmar People's Convention, HPC-D Mizoram Region hai kha Lushai Hills le Mizoram a ei political hriemhrei pawimaw bik hai an lo nih. Tuhin SHAIDC le HPC-D pawl pahni haiin Mizoram ah hnam santu pawl sin an thaw tah.
G. INDIA HMAR
India Hmar population a hnuoia hin ei hung tarlang
1. 1971 khan 38,207 ei nih
2. 1981 khan 36,365 ei nih
3. 1991 khan 65,204 ei nih
4. 2001 khan 83,404 ei nih
5. 2011 khan 98,988 ei nih
Kum 1941-2011 sunga Hmar population inthang dan
1941-1951=3,710
1951-1961=3,421
1961-1971=12,677
1971-1981=(-1,842)
1981-1991=28,839
1991-2001=18,200
2001-2011=15,584
Zawna 1.
Kum 1971-1981 hun khan iengleia Minus Growth am ning a ti aw?
Zawna 2.
Kum 1991-2011 hun sung popo ei population a tlawm tiel tiel el am ning a ta?
H. MIZORAM POPULATION
Kum 1901 khan tuta Mizoram population chu hieng ang hi a nih:
1. Lushai, 36,362
2. Hmar, 10,411
3. Chakma (Takam), 3,647
4. Paite, 2,870
Reang (Tuikuk), Lakher le Pawi hai record chu hriet a la ni nawh. 1961 khan Pawi 4,787 an um ve. Chakma 3,683 an um ta bawk. Reang chu kum 1971 khan 4,828 an nih.
Mizoram 2011 Census
1. Mizo/Lushai 7,34,910
2. Bru*
3. Chakma 96,972
4. Pawi/Lai 51,406
5. Lakher/Mara 42,855
6. Hmar 29,587
7. Paite 23,183
*NA
Mizoram 2001 Census
1. Mizo/Lushai 6,46,117
2. Bru*
3. Chakma 71,283
4. Pawi/Lai 42,230
5. Lakher/Mara 36,018
6. Hmar 18,155
7. Paite 14,364
I. MIZORAM HMAR POPULATION
1). Kum 1901 khan 10,411
2). Kum 1961 khan 3,188
3). Kum 1971 khan 4,524
4). Kum 1981 khan 13,102
5). Kum 1991 khan 12,535
6). Kum 2001 khan 18,155
7). Kum 2011 khan 29,587
J. MIZORAM HMAR POLITICS
Mizo Union 1946
Kum 1946 a inthawka kum 1952 chen kha Mizo tia khan Lushai Hills a Hmar a tamlemin ei lung ei lo suk awi a. In thlirhranna ei lo nei nawh. Mizo Union politics khan a mi lo fen tawl a. Zalen takin politics ei lo inhnel. Chuleiin Zohnathlak popo huop thei Mizo Autonomous District Assam sawrkar ah ei lo ngen thei a nih.
Kum 1947-1948 lai khan Manipur a Hmar le Kuki lal hai kara buoina a suok a. Hmar khuo a Kuki lal haiin an hereditary rights hum an tum leiin Mizo Union kha an lo dodal nasa hle. Khawtlang mipui a tamlemin Mizo Union kha vantlang rorelna intluntu ding angin an lo ngai a. Kuki lal le Hmar mipui kara inhrietthiemnawna a suok ta a nih. Chu thubuoi chu chiengfel dingin kum 1948 khan Manipur CM PB Singh Parbung ah a hung a. Chu hun a chun Manipur CM PB Singh chun Mizo Union politics inhnik ta lova, Manipur sunga Regional Council la lem dingin ei thuoitu hai a lo inhriettir. Manipur sunga regional council chu ei lo hnawl a. Manipur a Hmar delna popo Mizo District huomsunga rinlut dingin ei lo ngen lem. Chuleiin Manipur election 1948 kha Manipur Hmar haiin ei lo boycott a nih.
Amiruokchu, Assam hnuoia Lushai Hills kha kum 1952 khan ADC a hlangkai a hung ni a. Lushai Hills puotienga cheng Hmar hieng Manipur le Cachar a cheng hai a mi huopsa ta nawh. Manipur ah Regional Council chen lo hnawl Hmar hai ta dingin lungnat a um em em. Kum 1954 khan Lushai Hills kha Mizo Hills tiin an thlakthleng a chu Hmar hai lung a sukawi thei ta nawh. Khang hun laia ei hnam thuoitu hai kha thudik tan mi an ni a. Thil thei le theilo ding thil ti hai kha an lo sui nek nek nawh. Political realism la pakai lo an ni leiin, tuiruong um nawna a leilak bawl tum hai la ring pawl an lo nih. An phakchin khawvel a leng malamin Zohnathlak politics kha an lo sopui a nih. Tuhin chu Manipur, Cachar le Lushai Hills hai hi "administrative realities" an nih ti ei hung hriet pei tah.
Mizoram Centric Hmar politics
Kum 1954 khan Aizawl Town sunga cheng Hmar iemanizatin Hmar Fengo Federation (HFF) an indin a. HFF hi Pu Lalbuaia Khawlhring (Ex-MP), Pu Pu H. Raltawna (Retired IAS) haiin an tlawp ve. Chun kum 1956 khan India a Hmar hai a hranin ST list ah zieklut ei hung nih. Amiruokchu, Mizo National Famine Front (1959) a hung sosang khan Hmar tamtakin lungril ei pek nawk a. MNFF thuoitu dingin Pu J. Manliana Hmar an thlang ve.
Manipur Centric Hmar politics
Kum 1964-1965 laia HNU-Manipur, Assam le Tripura in Hmar Autonomous District a ngen khan Mizoram a Hmar hai lungril a tawk ve a. An inzepsa ve nuom thu HNU thuoitu hai an hril a. Chu le inzawm chun Mizo Hills huom sunga Hmar delna khuo Palsang, Vaitin, Sakawrdai, Khawpuar, Tinghmun, Mauchar, etc. ah HNU units indin an nih. Amiruokchu, an function mumal thei nawh. MNF boruok a hung sosang khan HNU units haiin muol an mi liem san ta a nih. Palsang HNU unit thuoitu Pu H. Thanga Keivom chu MNF in an kaphlum. Vaitin HNU thuoitu Pu Rohringa Pulamte khawm MNF in an man.
Hieng anga boruok a hung inlumlet chun MNF hratnaw pal a tih inlauvin MNF thuoitu Pu L. Malsawma Colney le a rawi hai Manipur Senvawn ah an lut a. Mipui lai HNU le MNF kara buoina an hrilfie. An thu hril chu thudik a pawmtu ei tam lem.
Chuong lai zing chun Mizoram a Palsang khuo ah Hmar Regional Council demandtu an hung um a. Pawi le Lakher haiin Mizo District Council hnuoia PLRC (1953-1972) an nei ang kha an demand ve. MNF thuoitu Pu Laldenga an inhmupui. MNF in thaibo dingin an inhriettir a. An sukbo.
Tipaimikh MLA centric politics
Kum 1972 khan Manipur chu state puitling a hlangkai a hung ni a. Manipur a Hmar delna biel Vangai tlang le Hmarbiel po Tipaimukh MLA biel ah rinlut a hung ni a. Kum 1972 a inthawka kum 1990 chen kha Hmar pahni MLA in ei lo thlangtling. Hmar in Manipur ah MLA ei hung nei a inthawka MLA candidate hai MLA tling tum politics in Hmar ADC politics a hung delde ta a nih. Mizoram a Hmar hai delna le Manipur a Hmar delna khuo popo khitkawpa ADC demand movement a hung chau tan a. Manipur ah Hmar ADC a hrana nei dan ding lampui hril ngam khawm an um ta nawh. Kum 1995 khan HNU in Tipaimukh, Thanlon le Saikawt biel ah MLA an ngir tir a. Hmar mipuiin ei thlangtling hne nawh. Kha zova inthawk HNU a hung chau tung ta pei a nih. Kum 1997 HNU election a khan MLA politics le Hmar hnam politics (ADC movement) thlirhran ei lo tum nawk a. Amiruokchu, ei hlawsam. Tuhin chu HPC-D Manipur Region hai thil demand hi hlawtling ngei dingin Manipur Hmar mipuiin chun ei lo thlir lem tah. HPC-D Manipur Region, HPC-D GHQ le HNA hai kara inremna tha tak a um ngei ei beisei.
HNU-Mizoram
Kum 1979 khan Pu L. Sungte le a rawi haiin vaitin ah HNU-Mizoram an indinthar a chu a function thei chuong nawh. MNF Major Pu Chalrikhuma Hmar in a vau tawl.
Indigenous le Mizoness
Mizo le inzawmin Mizoram Hmar lai ngaidan chi hni a hung um ta a nih. Pakhatna chu Mizo a lungawi. A pahnina ruok chu Mizo a lungawilo. Hmar in distinct culture ei nei a. Chu chu Mizo laka humhim a tul tia khekdawk pawl an nih.
Mizoram sunga ngei khawm Hmar chi hni ei um. Mizoram Hmar tieng Manipur le ramri hnaia cheng "indigenous inhabitants" anga inngai ei um a. Chun central area Aizawl le a sevela cheng insuk Mizo tah ei um bawk.
K. HPC MOVEMENT
Kum 1986 khan Mizoram UT chu Mizoram state puitlingin hlangkai a hung ni a. Mizo Accord ah Mizo Hills puotienga Hmar delna ram hai Mizoram state huomsunga rinlut a harsatzie sawrkar laipuiin ziekin MNF hai a lo hril. A i rasuok chu kum 1986 a Hmar People's Convention (HPC) kha a nih. Mizoram huomsunga Hmar haiin ei tawng, ei custom, ei culture ei humna ding le sawrkara ei chanpuol le hamthatna hai nawdawk ei hung tum ta a nih. Tawng a dam chun hnam khawm a dam. Mizoram a ei unau inpemlut tamtak hai in sunga Hmar tawng hmang ta lo an tam tah. Hmar an nih ti lan hre hai sienkhawm Hmar ah an hring ta nawh. Thangkhat liem hnunga lem chu an tu haiin Hmar khawm inti nuom ta naw ni hai ti ngaidan a hung suok a. Hmar hai khawma India danpui hnuoiah inhumhimna ei nei thei a nih ti hriein, kum 1986 a inthawk khan Mizoram ah Hmar hnam politics ei tan a, Sixth Schedule sunga ei um theina dingin Mizoram Governor a kuoma ah Memorandum ei lo submit a. HPC chun Hmar ADC a hung sopui ta char char a. Chu ADC chu Sixth Schedule Autonomous District Council hi a nih.
Non-violence chu ei hmangruo hmang a nih. March 28, 1989 khan Peaceful Bandh ei nei a, April 16, 1989 khan Total Bandh ei nei bawk. Nuhmei pasal hril lova Hmar nunghak tlangval hnam ta dinga mi tlawmngai haiin Mizoram sawrkar kut an tuorna hai kha ei hriet seng.
Hnam pasaltha hai zarin kum 1994 khan HPC le Mizoram sawrkar haiin inremna an lo ziek a, Sinlung Hills Development Council (SHDC) pieng dan ding ngaituo a hung nih. Chun Mizoram a Hmar hai delna ram popo Sixth Schedule a hlangkai an ni theina dingin Mizoram sawrkarin hma lang a tih, tiin ei inrem pui.
L. HPC-DEMOCRATIC
Hmar People's Convention-Democrats
Mizoram le HPC Accord 1994 a thupui pawimaw-Demand area popo Sixth schedule a hlangkai, Hmar tawng suklar le SHDC indin le election puitling nei pui ding ti hai kha kum khat sung implement an ni naw leiin Hmar tlangval lungawilo tam tak an hung um ta a. Chun SHDC kha sawttak el indin a ni naw leia beidawng an um bawk. SHDC area chu Sixth Schedule huomsunga zieklut a ni naw leia ningintel khawm an hung pung pei a. A tawpah, Hmar tlangval tamtak ramhnuoi ah an kir nawk. A i rasuok chu kum 1995 a Hmar People's Convention-Democrats (HPC-D) kha a nih.
Kum 1994 a sawrkar le inremna MoS kha sukpuitling dingin HPC-D chun Mizoram an hung nawr tan a. Hmar Autonomous Council an hung sopui tha nawk.
Hmar Revolutionary Front
Amiruokchu, HPC Accord a lungawilo tlangval thenkhat Manipur ah an kai tung a, Hmar Revolutionary Front (HRF) an indin.
Manipur a Naga helpawl NSCN (IM) Greater Nagalim buoipuitu haiin HPC-D an hung tlawp khan Naga thiltum dodaltu Meitei haiin Manipur le Mizoram ramri ah HRF an hung tlawp ta a nih. HPC-D in Vangai biel a awpde sa a. HRF in Hmar biel ah umhmun khuorin Meitei helpawl an thuoilut ta a nih. Chuong chun HPC-D le HRF karah inhrietthiemnawna lien tak a hung pieng a. HPC-D le HRF kara inhrietthiem nawna chun hnam thuoitu hai lungril a sukna hle a. Pawl pahni hai sukrem tumin Hmar Christian Leaders Forum (HCLF) le Hmar Liberation Front (HLF) in hma an lak a. Amiruokchu, an hlawsam veve. Kum 1999 khan UNLF helpawl le MAP chu Manipur-Mizoram ramri Vaitin ah an inkaptuo a. Hmar mipui an suk thlabar hle. Nunrawng HRF leiin pawi tawk lo Hmar hnam thuoitu Pu Ngurdinglien Sanate (Ex-MLA, Tipaimukh le Ex-Minister, Manipur), Pu HA Lalrohlu (Editor, Shan Daily le Accredited journalist) le Pu Songlienthang Songate (Vice President, HNU le Chairman, Hmar Joint Action Committee) hai chenin an hringna an lo chan pha a nih. Amiruokchu, June 7, 2000 khan Manipur a HRF helpawl sawmparuk hai chu Mizoram sawrkar ah an inpek.
SoO (Suspension of Operations)
Mizoram tieng ruok chu HPC-D hai zarin kum 1997 khan Mizoram sawrkarin SHDC chu a takin an din ta a nih.
HPC-D thuoitu le Mizoram sawrkar hai kara inbiekna in MoS 1994 a inchuonsa points a hnuoia ei tarlang hai khu a sukfel tum char char:
(1). Aizawl le Kolasib districts huomsunga SHDC demand area demarcation chungthu
(2). SHDC members hai election chungthu
(3). Hmar language sukhmasawn dan ding chungthu le
(4). SHDC huomsung popo Sixth schedule area a hlangkai dan ding chungthu.
Kum tam tak Mizoram sawrkar ta dingin HPC-D chu hling angin a hung um ta a nih.
1. HPC-D boruok siem leiin kum 2008 khan SHDC Election Rules tlangzar a nih.
2. Kum 2010 khan Mizoram sawrkar le HPC-D kara SoO signed a hung ni a. Mizoram Hmar issue hi chiengfel vat theina dingin inbiek theina boruok tha siem tumin SoO signtu haiin hma an hung lak ta a nih.
Mizoram tienga sawrkar thuoitu haiin HPC-D chu Central sawrkar, Manipur sawrkar le UPF hnuoiah SoO zieka, Manipur ah designated camp a um zing an nih, tiin thu an hung sopui tan a. HPC-D le a hrana Mizoram sunga SoO ziek annawle um ta sa pawtsei a tul nawh, an hung ti ta pei a. Chun Hmar issue le inzawma inbiekna ah Mizoram puotieng mi thang an hung phal naw a. Chuong chun May 11, 2011 khan SoO chu Mizoram sawrkarin a suktawp ta a nih.
HPC-D President Group
Chuong lai zing chun Mizoram sawrkar le inbiekna chungthu le Hmar movement fe pui pei dan ding thua HPC-D thuoitu hai lai ngaidan a hung inkal tan a. Kum tawp 2011 khan HPC-D chu group hniin an kawidar ta a nih. Group pakhat Pu Zosangber in an rawi a, HPC-D Chairman pawl tiin ei hung hriet ta pei a nih. Group dang chu HPC-D President Pu Lalhmingthang Sanate in an rawia, HPC-D President pawl tia hrietlar an hung nih.
HPC-D Chairman Faction
An kawidar a chu HPC-D in Mizoram ah ri a hung suksie nawk a. February 12, 2012 a Mizoram VC elections kha demand area a Hmar khuo ah HPC-D in a boycott a. Sawrkarin an term chu a pawtsei hlawl.
April 17, 2012 khan HPC-D in demand area huomsunga YMA branch thuoitu popo chu an office seal CYMA kuta thaklut dingin an hriettir a. Hmar delna khuoa YMA branch popovin an thaklut vawng.
HPC-D chun MoS 1994 a sixth schedule implementation dan ding thuah sawrkar ah pressure an siem a. HPC-D thil tum dodal zawnga chang CYMA le VC hai hai a pressure a. VC election an thul tir a. CYMA lu khawm a sukhai hle. Chu baka Lai le Mara angin Mizo ni zing sia Mizoram huomsunga Hmar hnam identity le culture hum theina ADC Hmar in ei mamawzie a sopui.
Amiruokchu, June 2012 khan HPC-D Commander-in-Chief Pu Lalropui Famhoite chu Silchar ah man a hung ni a. July 18, 2012 khan HPC-D Chairman Pu Zosangber khawm Delhi ah an man.
Chuong chun HPC-D le sawrkar inbiekna chu a hung mumal thei ta naw a nih. HPC-D sung a buoi neinuoi chun sawrkarpa hriemhrei pawimawtak a pek ta a nih. Zuk inbiekpui ding bik an hriet nawh, ti suonlamin an hung hmang a. Chuleiin inbiekna level kha official level a inthawk political level ah hlangkai harsa an hung ti ta a nih. Hieng lai zing hin August 5, 2013 khan CYMA, MUP le MHIP hai chun resolution pass in Mizoram sunga ADC indin ta lo dingin an vau.
Amiruokchu, Hmar mipui suklungawi tumin Mizoram sawrkar chun SHDC area chu biel sawmpahni in a the a. SHDC election nei vat a tum thu a hril mawl mawl.
Zokhawthiang
An ning intelin kum 2015 khan HPC-D chun Mizoram Assembly delegation Zokhawthiang khuo a van zin hai a lo lambun a. Mizoram Police pathum an kaphlum. AK 47 silai pahni le pistol pali sipai kuta inthawk an lakpek bawk. Mizoram sawrkar chun HPC-D chu unlawful organisation in puong a tum a. Hmar delna Mizoram Hmar tienga hai chu Disturbed Area anga puong a tum bawk. Sipai tha hratna hmanga Hmar movement sukchimit a tum ta a nih.
Sinlung Hills Council
Amiruokchu, CYMA, PRISM, Tuivai le Tuisual YMA Branch haiin AFSPA chu a counter productive lem ding a nih, tiin Mizoram sawrkar an inhriettir a. Boruok dang dang inkhi a ni hnungin HPC-D Chairman pawl thuoitu hai le inbiekna chu sunzawm nawk a nih. Kum 2017 khan HPC-D President pawl khawm inbiekna ah inthangtir ve tumin sawrkarin hma a lak rak a. Amiruokchu, pre-conditions pahni President a pawlin an set hmasa leiin inbiekna neipui an la ni nawh. Sixth Schedule Autonomous District ti le Central sawrkar hrietpuia inbiekna nei naw chun an thang nuom naw thu President pawlin Mizoram sawrkar an inhriettir.
Lusei tawng hmang Mizo haiin Mizoram a Chakma le Bru an en angin Hmar hi an mi en naw a. Chun Lai le Mara anga inti Zohnathlak nuom ta lo ei ni nawh, ti khawm an hriet. Ei huoizie Zokawthiang a ei politics a inthawk khan an hung hriet thar a, var pha nain an hmang. Chun Paite le Gangte neka ngirhmun insang nei ei ni leiin, Mizoram huomsunga an ruol le pai laia ruol ringum a mi siem an tum zing a nih. Chuleiin Mizoram a NGO haiin HPC-D pawl pahni le sawrkar inbiekna dingin boruok insangtak an dap pei a. Kum 2018 khan Mizoram sawrkar le HPC (D) Chairman Pawl chun inremna an hung ziek thei ta a nih. Chu zar chun Sinlung Hills Council (SHC) a hung pieng a. Tuhin SHC election hmasuon dingin ei inpuocha mek.
SHC hi Mizoram sawrkarin thiem taka Hmar autonomy movement sukrena dinga statutory outlet an din a nih, titu an ngirsuok a. SHC a inthawka Sixth Schedule a democratically le legally-a intawlkai tum haiin Sinlung Hills Accord Implementation Demand Committee (SHAIDC) an indin ta a nih.
Preserving the territorial integrity of Mizoram
Mizoram a ADC nei ta Pawi, Lakher le Chakma hai in autonomy insanglem an ngen zing a. Union territory a inhlangkai an tum bawk. Chu bakah, Bru le Paite hai chenin ADC an hni ve ta leiin nakie Mizoram hi la khawidar pal a tih ti inlautu Mizo thuoitu an pung zing.
Amiruokchu, Mizoram a HPC-D movement hin Mizo annawle Zohnathlak annawleh Mizoram state puotienga suok a tum nawh. Lushei centric Mizoisation le Luseism a inthawka inhumhim ei tum leia Mizoram hmar tienga cheng haiin HPC-D movement hi ei support a nih. Hmar ADC hi Mizoism a ei nghet nawk zuol theina dinga ei hni a nih.
M. HPC-D REGIONS
1. MIZORAM
(a). Mizoram a hnam santu pawl pakhat HPC-D Mizoram Region Mizoram sawrkar ah an in surrender ta a.
(b). Chun SHC le Mizoram sawrkar chunga lungawilo HPC-D President pawl khawm an um. HPC-D President pawl hai hin Mizoram hmun dang danga cheng hai Autonomous administrative unit pakhat hnuoia rinlut vawng an tum. May 2019 khan Pu Lalhmingthang Sanate, HPC-D (President) thuoitu chu Cachar ah Assam Police in an lo man tah.
2. ASSAM
Ei hnam sipai HPC-D Assam Region khawm Assam sawrkar ah an in surrender tah. Assam ah Hmar ADC an demand kha an bawzui zing. Cachar a Hmar hai ta dingin ST status an hni bawk.
3. MANIPUR
HPC-D Manipur Region chun Centre sawrkar, Manipur state le United People's Front (UPF) hnuoia kum 2008 a inthawk ta khan SoO a lo sign a. A fe pui zing. Manipur sunga tribal hai Territorial Council hnuoia Hmar hai hamthatna ding nawrdawk tum an nih. Manipur a ei innghatna ban pawimawtak an nih. Pu Lalthansang Pulamte @Sanga Hmar in a thuoi.
Amiruokchu, HPC-D Mizoram hai an insurrender a inthawk khan HPC-D hi chi hniin an kawidar tah.
(a). HPC-D Manipur
UPF thil hni Manipur sunga Territorial Council hnuoia Hmar hamthatna ding nawrdawk tuma hma latu an nih. ZRA/KNF ang thovin India le Manipur sawrkar an inbiekpui zing.
(b). HPC-D GHQ Faction
HPC-D GHQ an um bawk. Hi pawl hi Pu LK Hmar in a thuoi a. An HQ chu Sinlung a nih. Manipur a Hmar i delna khuo popo Sixth Schedule hnuoia huoilut vawng an tum. Kuki annawle Paite le formal taka inlaichinna an nei nawh. August 11, 2019 khan HPC-D GHQ faction mi le sa pahni chu Parbung le Lungthulien, Pherzawl district ah sipai haiin an man.
N. HMAR ADC A PIENG THEI NAWNA SAN
Ei zuk inhril thau hlak a chu official data le private record thenkhat besan chun Mizoram ah Hmar tawng hmang chu tlawmte chau ei nih.
1. Mizo (Lushei) tawng hmang zaah 73% an ni a.
2. Chakma 8%.
3. Mara 3%.
4. Kokborok/Bru 2.9%.
5. Pawi 2.6%.
6. Paite 2%.
7. Hmar tawng hmang zaah 1.6% chau ei nih.
8. Bengali 1.3%.
9. Hindi 0.97%
Chun Mizoram ah Hmar Autonomous District demand issue hi Mizoram sawrkar le mipui hai top priority a la ni nawh. Hmar issue neka buoipui tham thubuoi lienlem Mizoram ah tuhin pariet a um.
Chuong hai chu a hnuoia hin ei tarlang:
1. AUTONOMOUS DISTRICTS
Tuta Mizoram ei ti hi kum 1947 a inthawka 1972 chen kha Assam a district pakhat a lo ni a. Kum 1952 khan Assam huomsunga um zingin Lushai Hills Autonomous District Council pek a nih. Chu le inruol chun Pawi le Lakher hai khawma kum 1952 a inthawka 1972 chen kha Mizo District Council hnuoiah Pawi-Lakher Regional Council (PLRC) an lo nei ve. Hmar chu Mizo a lo inrui ei nih.
Kum 1972 khan Assam a Lushai Hills District kha Union Territtory a hlangkai a hung ni a. Chuleiin Lushai Hills District Council ni hlak kha suktawp a hung nih. Amiruokchu, PLRC kha April 2, 1972 khan Regional Councils pathumin thethrawp a hung ni a. Chu Regional Council pathum hai chu ni sawmhni le pasari zo chi April 29, 1972 khan Lai, Mara le Chakma hming putin ADC puitling pathuma hlangkai an hung nih. Hieng hun lai khawm hin Mizo a inrui ei la tam lem.
Mizo Autonomous District le Mizoram Union Territory sunga Hmar politics inhnel kha a daltu an lo tam.
(i). PAWI/LAI
Hluansang in Lai Tlang state, Chin Hills, Burma ah an din zo khan, Pawi group khat south west tieng an lut a. Tuta Bangladesh a Rengtlang chen lo zu lut pawl an um. Chu zova Pawi group hnina chu a tungin an kaia Champhai le Burma ramri a Tiau river an tan a. Kum iemanizat hnungah Vanlaiphai tieng an insawn a. Chu taka inthawk an inthedar nawka vawisuna an chengna hi an del ta a nih.
Tuhin chu Mizoram ah Pawi 75,477 an um a. Area 1,870 square km bawr an del. Member 23 nei ADC an nei a. An khawpui chu Lawngtlai a nih. Tuhin Congress in sawrkar a chel. MNF in 8 members an nei ve.
Pawi hai hin an culture, customs le language an ngaipawimaw hle a. Kum 1947 khan Pawi le Lakher Company chun Assam sunga Lushai Hills District Advisory Council thuoitu hai an lo inhmupui a, Lushai Hills Autonomous District sungah Regional Council an lo demand. Kum 1949 khan Pawi Lakher Tribal Union indinin Pawi le Lakher delna Mizo Hills District Council huomsunga mi popo Regional Council a zieklut an lo tum a. Kum 1953 khan an hlawtling.
Kum 1965 khan Chin National Army a pieng a. Pawi area popo Autonomous district hnuoia sie dingin sawrkar an nawr a. Assam sawrkar kuoma Lai politician Pu L. Chinzah in kum 1970 a memorandum a i submit a chun hieng hin an ziek:
"The entire eastern belt of Mizo District as far as Tuichang river on west, Champhai on north and the entire Lunglei area were Pawi territories".
MNF in nasatakin do sien khawm, kum 1972 khan Pawi Autonomous District a pieng tho tho. Mizoram state a hlangkai a hung ni zo chi kum 1988 khan Pawi haiin Lai inti an nuom thu sawrkar laipui an hril a. A pawm pek. Amiruokchu, Mizoram ST list a chu Pawi an la ni zing.
Kum khat khan Burma a Arakan army le Burmese hai inkaptuona leiin Zhakai hnam mi 1,700 bawr Lai ADC area ah an hung tlanlut a. Zhakai hai hi Buddhists le Christians an nih. Mizoram sawrkar lung a deng hle.
(ii). LAKHER/MARA
Lakher/Mara hi Mizoram ah 56,366 an um a. Area 1,445 square km bawr an del. An khawpui chu Saiha a nih. Mara hai ram del khu Burma le inrina lai a nih. Mara hai hin Burma a Chin hnam hai le inlaichinna thatak an nei. An inmikhuoltuo hlak.
Member 25 nei Mara ADC an nei a. Tuhin BJP le MNF in sawrkar an siem.
Kum 1988 khan Lakher a inthawk Pawi an in ti tah. Amiruokchu, Mizoram ST list ah Lakher an la ni zing.
Kum 2012 khan Mara helpawl Mara People's Army (MPA) pakhat M-16 leh Saiha ah man a nih.
Mara ADC thuoitu hai hin Chin Hills, Burma politics an inhnel phak ve hlak leiin Aizawl chun thil chite te a khawm Lakher area a thiltlung a ni chun a na a lo sit kak hlak.
(iii). CHAKMA
Mizoram a Chakma hai hi a then kum 1871 laia hung lut an um a. Kum 1945 laia hung lut an um bawk.
Chakma hi Mizoram pumpui population ah 10% an nih. West Tuipui le Tuichawng MLA biel hai hi Chakma hratna biel an nih.
Tuhin Mizoram ah Chakma 45,307 an um a. Area 686 square km bawr an del. Member 24 nei Chakma ADC an nei a. Tuhin Congress le BJP in sawrkar an siem. An khawpui chu Chawngte a nih.
Amiruokchu, Mizoram a Chakma za ah sawmruk vel chu CADC puotienga cheng an nih. Chakma lai Buddhists an tam. Jhum an nei a. Anachu, Christian khawm 7% an nih.
Chakma ram hi Bangladesh CHT le Burma Chin state le inri a nih. Chuleiin Bangladesh Chakma an hung lut hlak. Hi leia Mizo NGOs haiin NRC an sopui zing a nih.
Kum 1986 khan Pu Laldenga in Chakma ADC hi a lo thaibo tum a. A hlawsam. 1986 a inthawka 2001 chen kha CADC sukbo tumin private member resolutions vawi sawmhni pakhat Mizoram MLA haiin an lo pass a chu, CADC an tuoibo thei nawh.
Bru/Reang le Chakma hai hi Mizo/Lushai dawttu an nih. Kum 1990 khan Chakma le Bru hnawtdawk tumin Mizo Zirlai haiin Anti-Foreigners movement an lo huoihawt ve. An so nasa.
Chakma thuoitu hai beidawngna thenkhat chu a hnuoia hin ei hung tarlang
1. Kum 1950 zova Mizoram lut Chakma popo quit notice pek an nih, an tih
2. Chun kum 1996 khan Mizoram electoral rolls a inthawk Chakma hming 2,886 an thaibo, an tih.
3. Kum 1987 a inthawk khan vawikhat khawm Mizoram ah Chakma in MCS an la tling nawh, an tih.
4. Education le sawrkar sin insang ah Chakma hmu ding an vang.
5. Kum 2017 khan Chakma pali in NEET an clear a. Amiruokchu, Mizoram in MBBS an inchuk ding kha an dal a. Seats an pek nawh, an tih.
6. Kum 2018 khan YMA haiin CADC chen thaibo dingin sawrkar an phut, an tih.
Chuleiin an beidawngna a inthawka suok tumin vawisun hin Chakma haiin Chakmaland Union Territory an demand ta a nih.
Chun Bangladesh a Chakma helpawl PCJSS tuta hma a Shanti Bahini ei ti hlak hai kha Chakma ram a hin an hung inlang zeu zeu hlak. Kum 2013 khan Aizawl ah Chakma ramhnuoimi pathum AK 47 sawmthum pakhat le man an nih. Mizoram sawrkar na a ver hle.
Mizoram: Pawi, Lakher le Chakma
Ei hril ta ang khan tuta Mizoram hi kum 1972 chen kha Assam hnuoia lo um a ni a. Lushai Hills district hming a lo put. Chun kha sung popo khan Lushai Hills ah Mizo Autonomous District a um. Chu ADC hnuoia chun Mizo Autonomous Council MDC le Pawi Lakher Regional Council PLRC a lo um ve. Kum 1972 laia Assam sunga Lushai Hills District/Mizo Hills District an "abolished" nasan kha Lushai Hills kha UT in an hlangkai nuom lei a ni a.
Khanga Lushai Hills sawrkarin a abolish kham Lushai Hills hmun thuma thea hmun khata cheng Pawi, Lakher, Chakma, Reang, Bawm, Tlanglau, etc, Assam Lushai Hills district le Bangladesh/Myanmar kara khawsa hai chun an chanpuol fakkhawp hmuna dingin remchang ah an lo lak ve a nih. PLRC kha ADC puitling pathum suoktheina dingin an nawra, Pawi, Lakher le Chakma ADC a hran sengin an hung nawrdawk ta a nih.
Lai, Mara le Chakma hai ADC hi Myanmar le Bangladesh ramri a um an ni leiin hieng lai thubuoi ei hril pha international politics huoilut a tul zie hlak. Chu leiin Mizoram a ADC pathum hai hi an pawimaw em em. Chun Mizoram ta dingin hling an nih.
Tulaia ADC sukbo ding tia sopuitu hai thil nawr hin iengchen pha naw nih. Central sawrkar khawma thaibo ngam naw nih. State chun chierpui thei a tih. Tukhawma "mit na leiin a lu an tanbawng ngai nawh". Mit damdawi an zawng lem hlak.
Pu Rajiv Gandhi khan hieng te hin MNF thuoitu hai a lo hril:
"If Mizoram expect justice from India as a small minority, they must safeguard the interests of their own minorities like the Chakmas".
ADC pathum hai hin sawrkar laipui ah direct funding le autonomy insang lem an hni zing a. Tuhin ADC pathum LADC, MADC le CADC hai direct funding dan ding le Union Territory status a hlangkai dan ding Chakma, etc. haiin an buoipui zing. Chuleiin Mizoram in ADC um ta sa hai sukbo an tum tah.
Mizoram khawidar naw chun Mizoram a ADC pathum a inthawkin Chakmaland UT, Maraland UT le Lairam UT pieng naw nih. Mizoram in Mizoram territorial integrity chu a theitawp suoin hum a tih.
Chuleiin Mizoram sunga ADC la demand zing Hmar, Paite le Bru hai hi Mizoram sawrkar chun tuta inthawka kum iemani chen chu ADC recommendation pek a tum hmel ta nawh.
2. MIZOISATION
Mizoram a khuo hming tamtak hai hi Lusei hai an hung thlak hma a ei lo chengna hmun, ei pahnam hming seng chawia ei lo phuok an nih.
Chun Zohnathlak hai popo hi Myanmar rama chun CHIN, Mizoram a chun MIZO, Tripura a chun KUKI tia ko hlak ei lo nih, titu ei um bawk.
LUSEI ti hi hnam bing hming, Mizo laia hnam pakhat ve a nih. Mizo tawng laia Lusei tawng a hung inlar tak leiin Mizo ti hi Lusei hai pek bik ding a ni nawh.
Mizo tawng la hung pieng ding chu Mizo hnathlak tawng popo lakkhawm le Sap tawng, Hindi, Kawl tawng, Meitei tawng le an kawl le kienga an indawrpui hai tawng an lakluthai le inchekpawl, tawng la ning a tih, ti pawl ei um bawk.
A chunga ei tarlang po khi Mizoisation ei tih.
Hnam anga ngirsuok nuom pawl ei um lai, a tamlem chu dual identity Mizo le Hmar inkawpa ngirsuok tum ei um. Mizo ah hmin pawl ei tam leiin titna ei hau a, kha lei khan Hmar movement chu Mizoram ah a hrat thei nawh, an tih.
3. CYMA, etc.
Kum 2012 khan HPC-D in demand area sunga YMA Branch popo warning pein function ta lo dingin an hriettir a. Tuisual YMA Group huomsunga YMA unit sawmparuk haiin an zawm a. Tuivawl, Serlui le Chalfilth YMA hai khawma moral support an pek.
Hmar area po po disturbed area angin Mizoram sawrkarin puong a tum khan CYMA chun Mizoram sawrkar chu a sawisel.
Amiruokchu, Central Young Mizo Association (CYMA), Mizoram Upa Pawl (Mizo Elder Federation) le Mizo Hmeichhe Insuihkhawm Pawl in kum 2013 khan Mizoram ah ADC indin rem an ti ta naw thu Mizoram sawrkar an lo hril tah.
4. MIZORAM MLA/VILLAGE ELECTION
a). MLA ELECTION 1988
Kum 1988 HPC movement a sosang laia Mizoram MLA election a khan HPC in Ratu, Suangpuilawn le Bilkhawthlir MLA biel ah MLA candidate pathum a lo inngir tir ve a.
Ei candidate hai an tling naw vawng.
(i). Ratu MLA biel ah
HPC candidate Pu Malsawma in 998 a hmu. MNF candidate Pu Lalrinchhana in 3018 hmuin a tling.
(ii). Suangpuilawn MLA biel ah
HPC candidate Pu Siamhnuna in 225 a hmu. Congress candidate Pu Vanlalngena in 1824 hmuin a tling.
(iii). Bilkhawthlir MLA biel ah
HPC candidate Pu Lalhmingthanga in 581 a hmu. Congress candidate Pu Zalawma a tling.
A telpuiin Mizoram a Hmar hin HPC movement hi ei la paw nawh.
b). VC ELECTION 2013
Kum 2012 khan HPC-D in Hmar demand area sunga VC election a lo boycott a.
Kum 2013 khan Mizoram demand area sunga Village Council sawmpanga ah byelection nei a nih. VC member sawmnga pasari ah HPC party in sawmpanga chau ah hratna a chang.
HPC hratna biel hai chu a hnuoia hin ei hung tarlang:
1. Saipum ah 5/5 VC members
2. Mauchar ah 3/3
3. Zokhawthiang ah 3/3
4. Zohmun ah 2/5
5. Saiphai ah 1/5
6. Vaitin ah 1/5.
A hnuoia khuo a hai khun Hmar in HPC party mi le sa VC member dingin ei thlang tling hne nawh.
1. Sakawrdai
2. Vervek
3. Khawpuar
4. Lungsum
5. Khawdungsei
6. Tinghmun
7. New Vervek
8. Palsang
9. Thingsat
Chun HPC hminga tlung 15/57 ah hming khela Hmar inziek an um nawh.
Saipum VC member panga HPC hminga tling hai chu
1. Lalramchhana
2. Lalrochhunga
3. Thuamzaliana
4. Lalrawngbawla le
5. Rokhupa an nih.
HPC political party hin demand area mipui hai Hmar ADC chungthu ah a la mobilise hne nawh, ti an lang a. Chun HPC-D in mainstream public lai base a lo nei nawh ti a sukchieng bawk.
Kum 2015 khan demand area a khuo sawmthum le pakhat ah VC election HPC-D in a boycott nawk a. Hi tum hin HPC-D area ah VC election nei thei a ni nawh. A tamlem ah nominations file ngam an um naw a. A file tlawmte hai khawma last hour ah an inhnukdawk nawk vawng. A chamlovin sawrkarin VC hlui hai term a pawtsei ta a nih.
Amiruokchu, HPC political party hminga demand area huomsunga Village Council election a thlangtling chu tiemkhawp khawm ei tling nawh. HPC political party sirdetu ei la tam lem tina a nih.
5. MIZO NATION STATE
Pu Laldenga, Pu T. Sailo le Pu T. Gougin hai khan Mizo Nation State le Greater Mizoram an lo sopui ngun hle.
Mizo Nation State i huop biel hai chu
1. Manipur
2. Assam
3. Tripura
4. CHT, Bangladesh
5. Chin State, Burma
6. Mizoram state hai hi an nih.
Mizo Accord 1986 a khan India sunga Mizo Hills puotienga Zohnathlak hai Mizoram ah rinlut an ni thei naw ding thu sawrkarin an chuonsa a chu la beidawng lo MNF thuoitu tamtak an la um. Mizoram state hi Mizo Nation State lampuia vawikhat chawlhadamna hmun chau a nih, tia politcs chien hieng Hmar ADC, Paite ADC ti hai la hrillang lo dinga Hmar le Paite hnam thuoitu buthmuntu an um. Chuong hai chun Mizo, Zofest, Kut, ZORO, ZO movement an sopui zing.
Zuk hril kai pei ei tih. HPC Accord 1994 implement naw leia lungawilo Hmar group khat kum 1995 khan Manipur ramhnuoia an lut a, HRF an indin. Mizoram sawrkar "Greater Mizoram" policy le Manipur le Mizoram khitkawpa Hmar ADC nawr dawk tum dam ni pal an tih, ti inlauna leiin Manipur hel haiin ruol thain an siem nghal a. Hmar biel ah Meitei helpawl inden lalin kum 2004 chen kha ei lo umpui a nih. HRF kha sirsanin Meitei haiin Manipur le Mizoram ramri ah Manipur territorial integrity an humhal a. Mizoram ruok chun HRF kha Greater Mizoram policy ah hmang a lo tum hlak. A hlawtling nawh. Amiruokchu, June 7, 2000 khan HRF helpawl sawmparuk Mizoram sawrkar ah an inpek. Imphal ah hang insurrender nekin Aizawl ah an hang inpek lem hlak a inthawk hin Mizoram hi pa le nu anga ei hmang a nih, ti a sukchieng a. Pa le naupa insel angin ei lo insel vawitam hlak a chu, Thangal Bazar a va kai nekin Vaivakawn bazar hang kai zawk kha inhawi ei ti lem tlat.
Chun Mizoram a ei hnam thuoitu a tamlem hai hi YMA le MZP annawle VCP environment a inthawka Hmar hnam thuoitu a hlangkai ei ni tawl a. Hmar-Mizo dichtomy a hin ei chiai ve hlak. Ei hrietthiem an tul.
Hi lei hin Mizoram sawrkarin Hmar chu a in neitu angin a mi ngai a. A hranpa a Mizoram suoka in hran bawl a tul nawh, an ti hlak. Politics in Hmarism hi hmang tangkai dan a hriet a chu Hmar hi Mizo a hnam pakhat an nawh, tukhawma ei ti ngam nawh.
Mizoram a sawrkar hrim hrimin Mizoram hmar tienga Hmar hai hi Chakma, Bru le Mara ang lawm lawmin an mi hmusit nawh. Linguistically le culturally, Hmar le Lusei hai ei inhnai tak. Chuleiin min thuruolpuia, state danga zohnathlak hai himna ding political apparatus pakhat mi siempui an tum zing.
Manipur Hmarbiel le Vangai tlanga work force a tamlem chu Manipur a lut a nih. Mizoram le Manipur ramri a Hmar hai inlaichinna a tha nawk zuol theina dingin Tuival leilak hi siemthat phawt a tul a. Chun Aizawl a inthawk Churachandpur chen Parbung hrawthlengin MST bus kartin service huoihawt a tul bawk.
6. LUSEISM
Lusei tawng a thu le hla hung suok le an inlet fawm ti hai naw chu hnam dang hla le thu chu Mizo thila ngai nawna a um a.
Lusei hai lam dan ti lo hieng Mizo-Chin-Kuki-Zo/Zohnathlak-Hmar, Lakher, Pawi, Paite, Thado le hnam dang dang lam chu Mizo lam a pawm nuom nawna lungril lien tak el a um a.
Mizorama inthawk a mi a ni ngat naw chun ram le hmun danga Mizo inti hai thilthaw chen khawm Mizo aiaw a ngai thei nawna lien tak a um bawk.
Mizo nunphung inentirna a um chang a Lusei hai thaw dan chau Mizo nunphung a ngaina a um hi Luseism a nih.
Lusei lam le Lusei tawng chau hi Mizo an nawh. Hmar lam le Hmar tawng khawm Mizo tawng a nih, titu ei pung zing. A san chu umna hmun le Mizoram a ei i pal mek political boruok in a la zir naw tlat leiin open taka Luseism offend ngam ei la ngirsuok ngam nawh.
7. REANG/BRU
Kum 1961 khan Mizoram ah Bru 1,000 an um. Kum 1971 khan Mizoram ah Tuikuk 4,818 an um a. Khang lai khan Mizoram a Hmar 4,524 ei nih. Kum 1981 khan 4,086 an tling. Kum 1991 khan 31,921 an tling tah, an tih.
Bru hai hi Mamit, Kolasib le Lunglei districts ah an bubit a. An chengna khuo a tam lem chu Assam, Mizoram le Tripura ramri le inzuol an nih. Hieng an chengna biel hi MLA biel pakuo in a huom a. Hechheck, Mamit le Dampa MLA biel saw Bru tamna biel a nih.
Bru a hin Hindu an tamlem leiin Mizo Christians haiin an sukduda hlak tia khekdawk pawl an um. Mizoram Bru hin Assam a an unau Bru le inlaichinna thatak el an nei a. Hailakandi le Karimganj a Bru helpawl BLAU le UDLA le tacit understanding an nei bawk.
Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mamit district a misuol iemanizat hai sawn Tripura helpawl NLFT thangpuina an hmang zeu zeu hlak.
Bangladesh a CHT huomsunga Maian Hills an i ti Rangamati lai sawn Bru tamtak an um a. Mizoram a Bru thenkhat hai hi kum 1940 laia Mizoram hung lut an ni a. Amiruokchu, a tam lem hi chu kum 1954 bawr a hung lut chau an nih.
Mizoram a pawl hran hranin indigenous tribe an ni nawh tiin Bru hai hi hnawtdawk an lo tum hlak. Chu le inzawma buoina rasuok chu kum 1996 a Bru helpawl Bru National Liberation Front (BNLF) kha a nih. Kum 1997 a inthawk khan Bru National Union (BNU) haiin Mizoram sunga Autonomy an lo demand ve tah.
October 1997 khan BNLF haiin Mizo forest guard pakhat Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mamit district ah an kaphlum a. Mizo hai lungsenin Bru tamtak Tripura chen an zu hnawt thlur. Khuo sawmli le pakhat an raw pek bawk. A tlanhmang Bru 40,000 bawr hai chu Tripura Relief Camp paruk ah enkawl an nih. Iemanizat chu Mizoram ah an hung kir nawk tah.
Kum 2005 khan BNLF helpawl 195 an insurrender a. Mizoram ST list ah Reang chu Bru angin zieklut dingin Mizoram sawrkar an ngenna chu bawzui tumtu an um tah.
Kum 2006 khan Bru Liberation Front of Mizoram (BLFM) helpawl 802 an insurrender ve a. Bru ADC an demand ve tah.
2009 khan Bru helpawlin Mizo nunghak an sawisak leiin Bru tam tak chu Mizo haiin Tripura tieng an hnawt hmang.
Kum 2010 khan Bru 8,573 chu Mizoram ah an hung kir a. Amiruokchu, CYMA thuoina hnuoia NGO inzawmkhawm hai pressure leiin kum 2011, 2012 le 2015 khan Bru refugee chungthuah Mizoram sawrkar le Bru thuoitu hai kara inbiekna chun inremna tak tak a siem nawh.
July 2019 khan Mizoram sawrkar chun Tripura relief camps paruk a um Bru 26,128 chu Mizoram mi le sa anga tiemin Mizoram ah vote nei thei dingin a lo pawm tah. Tuhin Mizoram zamsan a Tripura zu lut Bru 20,000 bawr hai chungthu chu Centre, Mizoram, Tripura le MBDPF haiin an sui zing.
Iengangin Christian ah lutin, Mizo hming la-in Mizo fak le dawn zawng danin zawng hai sien khawm Bru hai hin Zohnathlak angin an Mizo thei tak tak nawh, an tih.
Chun Mara, Chakma le Bru hai hin Zohnathlak an naw le Mizo hnuoia um tak tak harsa an tih. Sailo lalin an lo awp ve naw lei ning a tih.
Hmar ruok chu Sailo lal hnuoia um ei lo tam a. Customs, traditions, culture le language thuah Mizo Lusei le hin inangna ei hau a. Ei vangnei bik.
RSS in Mizoram a Bru hai case hi a lak ta a. Central sawrkar ah an putlut tah.
Bru hin Mizoram ah ADC an hni ve zing a. Hmar hai ADC pek ei ni chun Reang hai hin an theitawp suoin Mizoram sawrkar an pressure ve ring a um.
8. PAITE
Tuta Mizoram a hin kum 1901 khan Paite 2,870 an um a, 1921 in 10,460 an tling thman. Kum 2011 Census a chu Mizoram ah Paite 23,183 an tling tah. Khawte ah 17,878 an um a. Khawpui a um 5,305 an nih.
Mizoram a Paite hai hi Sialkal Range le Burma ramri laia cheng an ni tawl a.
Sialkal a Paite hai hi 17th century a Mizoram lo hung lut an nih. NE Khawdungsei, Kawlbem, Vaikhawtlang, Khawkawn, Chiahpui, Mimbung, Teikhan le Selam khuoah an um.
Burma ramri laia Paite hi chu kum 1930s laia Mizoram hung lut an nih. Vapar, Murlen, Ngur, Lailipha, Ngaizawl, Leisenzo le Sesih a sawn an cheng.
MLA biel pahni ah inden lala um an nih.
Tuta Mizoram hi Assam sunga Lushai Hills Autonomous Council a ni lai khan Sialkal Range Paite National Council thuoitu haiin Assam CM hlui Pu BP Chaliha kha lo hmuin Mizo Hills District Council huomsunga Pawi le Lakher Regional Council ang kha Paite ta dingin an lo hni ve a. Amiruokchu, pek an ni nawh.
Kum 1991 a inthawk khan Sixth Schedule hnuoiah Paite Autonomous District an lo demand ve. 1993 khan Ngopa bielah PNC President Pu Zathuama chu MLA dingin thlangtling a hung ni a. Paite ADC theitawp suoin a lo nawr. Hmar in SHDC an hmu khan an lo thik ve em em a nih.
Kum 2003 khan Paite hnam chu Mizoram ST list ah ziektlar an hung ni a. Chun kum 2008 khan Mizoram sawrkarin economic package Sialkal Tlangdung Development Council (STDC) a pek. STDC hin khuo paruk a huom a. Local MLA chairman a ni a. Ngopa SDO Civil chu Member Secretary a nih.
STDC chu kum 2015 khan Sialkal Range Development Council (SRDC) a hlangkai a hung ni a. Chun Mizoram a Paite khuo Burma ramri a um hai khawm a huopsa tah.
Tuhin Mizoram a Paite haiin SRDC hi Sixth Schedule a hlangkai tumin hma an lak zing.
Hmar hai Sinlung Hills Council (SHC) hi Sixth Schedule huomsunga hlangkai a ni vei chun Paite haiin an SRDC hi Sixth Schedule hnuoia hlangkai ve dingin an ngen ding a ni leiin Mizoram sawrkarin SHC hi Sixth Schedule hnuoia a la sie hri naw a nih.
O. THUKHARNA
Hun le ni kum hai a hung liem a, kum 1994 a MoS a thu pawimawbik hai kum 20 chuong Mizoram sawrkarin implement lovin a lo sie thang a, SHDC khawm interim period in an mi sawisak zing a. Mizoram Hmar politician haiin sawrkar biek tlawn tha sieka ei thaw a, ei hnam hmasawnna ding lampui hraw nekin political party tin ei ngaizawng a. Hmar politics nekin phingpui politics in ram lientak a hung lak tah a nih.
Amiruokchu, HPC Accord 1994 kha full-a implement tuma hma la ngam le ngirsuokpuitu SHAIDC chu kum 2016 khan an hung suok ta a nih.
(1). SHAIDC
Mizoram a ei hnam movement fe mek hin hlawtlingna hmel a hmu theina ding lampui ngaituona lein, Sinlung Hills Accord Implementation Demand Committee (SHAIDC) chu kum 2016 khan indin a nih. Court pisa chu hmangruo dingin Committee chun a lo thlang a. Kum 2016 ma khan Mizoram Chief Minister Pu Lalthanhawla kuomah Memorundum of Settlement Mizoram sawrkar le HPC helpawlin an i lo sign kha sukpuitling dingin ultimatum an pek a. Dawnna thlakhat sung an nghak a. Amiruokchu, Mizoram sawrkar a inthawkin dawnna an hmu nawh. Chuleiin, dan hmangin High Court ah Mizoram sawrkar chu khing an tum ta a nih. May 25, 2016 khan SHAIDC chun Gauhati High Court Aizawl Bench ah Mizoram sawrkar chu case an file khum a. Gauhati High Court chun hearing a nei a. Thla ruk sunga Mizoram sawrkar inhrilfie dingin a tih.
Mizoram sawrkar inhrilfiena chu Gauhati High Court chun thu tlingin a pawm naw a. Kum 2017 khan Gauhati High Court chun order an suo ta a nih. Chu order chun Mizoram sawrkar le HPC inremna MoS kha kum khat sunga sukpuitling dingin Mizoram sawrkar an hriettir. Hun tiem sung sawrkarin a sukpuitling naw leiin, Court inza nawna thubuoi case file nawk a nih. Court thutlukna sukpuitling ngei dingin Mizoram sawrkar natakin Court in order a pek. SHAIDC chun Court case hi a bawzui zing.
(2). SHC
HPC-D, SHAIDC le hnam thuoitu hai hmalakna zar chauvin kum 2018 khan Mizoram sawrkarin hmawtsarumin HPC-D Mizoram Region chu an biek pui nawk ta a nih. Sinlung Hills Council (SHC) hi a i radawk chu a nih. SHC hi ei beisei le dittak Hmar ADC a la ni nawh. Sinlung hi 'Imagined territorial homeland" mei mei a nih. SHC a Sinlung hi Hmarram a thlaktheng tum khawm an um. Amiruokchu, SHC hi vawikhat chawl hadamna a ni ve, titu ei tam lem. Tuta interim SHC term hi September khin tawp a tih. Electoral roll hai sukfel a ni pha, election puitling an ko ring a um.
(3). HPC-D (PRESIDENT)
HPC-D (President) pawl hai hi SHAIDC court case (2016) le SHC (2018) ah lungawilo an nih.
Hmar hnam hi India danbu ah Scheduled Tribe laia pakhat a zieklut ei ni a. Mizo ti khawm a hrana chuong ang bawka zieklut a nih, ti an hung sopui a. Hmar ti le Mizo ti hi ngirhmun inang chara um an nih, tiin Mizoram Hmar movement an fepui zing. Mizoram sawrkar le inbiek ding chun Sixth Schedule chu inbiekna table ah sie hmasa phawt naw chun Mizoram leh inbiek ni naw nih, tiin sawrkar fielna chu an lo hnawl tah.
India history tiem hlak haiin ei hriet. Kum 1885 hma popo kha hmun tin ram tina um India mi le sa hai khan party le organisation an lo nei ve a. An del ram le an phak tawktawkin regional politics an lo inhnel ve a. Amiruokchu, regional organisations hai khan Indian national politics ti kha an lo inhnel phak nawh. Pu AO Hume a rawia kum 1885 a INC an indin kha India pumpui huopa Indian national politics an inhnel tanna dinga bulthrutna a nih. Kha foundation kha Pu SN Tagore, Pu Gokhale le mi dang dangin det deuvin an lo siem a. Pu Gandhi le Pu Nehru haiin an hung sukdet a. An ni hai zar chauvin 1947 ei tlung thei a nih.
Vawisuna ei Hmar Regional Politics-HPC-D Mizoram Region, HPC-D Assam Region le HPC-D Manipur region hai hi India pumpui huopa "Hmar National Politics" a mi hlangkaitu ni ngei raw hai seh.
-Inputs lakhawmtu:
~Dada le Jojo-Pa,
Hmarkhawlien, Cachar, Assam
27.8.2019
