A. THUHMA
Cachar a Hmar hai hi India hmarsak tienga hnam pakhat hung insiemdawk ei ni ve a. Mongoloid thla hai laia hnam pakhata insiemdawk ei ni ve. Ei hung suokna nia an lo hril dan chun “Sinlung“ hi ni dingin an lo sui.
Tuta Mizoram hi a lo del hmasatu chu Hmar ei nih. Lusei hai an hung lut ve a, a lo um hmasa Hmar hai an min do pui a. Khawsak tienga inthawkin Pawi haiin an mi do bawk leiin, ei umna hmun pangai ahei um zing thei ta nawa, Mizoram a inthawkin ramthar ah ei indar ta vawng a nih.
Hieng Assam (Cachar, NC Hills, Karbi Anglong), Manipur (Tipaimukh, Thanlon le Churachandpur) le Meghalaya (Khaddum)-a hai hin a tlandar thenkhat hai chu ei lut a. Mizoram a la um hai chu hmun dang dangah an indar zo tah. Mizoram hmar tieng panga hmun khuor ei tam lem.
Tuta ei del ram po a buma ei umna hmun (Cachar, NC Hills, Karbi Anglong, Manipur, Meghalaya le Mizoram) hi 7,040 sq km vel ning a tih. Ei ram del popo hi a zau zawngin Mizoram hmun thuma thea hmunkhat ang tluk a ni hmel.
Kum 1968 laia Hmar National Union-Manipur, Assam le Tripura [HNU-(MAT)]-in India Prime Minister kuoma memorandum a lo thelut khan Hmar mipui vote nei chu 1,85,000 ei nih, tiin an tarlang. Hang ngairuota a hnai ang tak chu hi hi a nih: Kum 1968 khan vawisuna Kolasib district (Mizoram) annawleh Tamenglong (Manipur) district-a mihriem umzat neka tam ei lo nih.
B. LAKHIPUR MISSION COMPOUND
Kum 1828 lai khan Hmar hnam kaupeng a Faihriem pahnam a mi "Khupa Raja" chu Cachar sunga Nutan Bazar le Dwarbond lai a lo khawsa hlak a. Cachar a Faihriem kaupeng inlalna biel le Lakhipur a Muoltluong khuo satdawktu, Ngaichawngsingpa Silchar a inthawka a tunga Doiheng/Retzawl pana kai hai le Cachar le Jiribam ramri Saihmar khuo satdawktu Lala Kuki hai chanchin suitu ei um tah. Cachar a Hmar khuo ei ivsatdawk hmasatak chu Saihmar khuo a nih, a titu an um. Kum 1865 a ei lo satdawk a nih, an tih. Thenkhat chun Muoltluong khuo hi 1828 AD laia ei lo del dai an tah, an tih. Kum 1885 khan Cachar a Saisel khuo ah ei lo lut tah titu an um. A thenin 1913 laia lut chau an nih, an tih. Balisor, Barjelenga le Dwarbond area lai khun kum 1828 lai daia ei lo cheng an tah, titu an um bawk. A iengieng khawm nisien, Hmar haiin Cachar phaizawl hi ei lo delna a sawt tah.
Kum 1916 lai vel khan Hmarkhawlien khuo, tuta Lakhipur, Cachar, Assam a um hi ei lo del dai tah. Sap Missionary haiin hmun an inchawk ve a. Christian rawngbawlna hmunpuiin an nei. Tuta WMCEI hai biekin umna a hin Mission Compound an lo bawl a. Thingtinkim (Mukam) kawla tlang a khun school le office an lo nei. Manipur ram le Cachar a khuo dang dang sirin rawngbawlna sin Saphaiin an lo thaw a. Manipur le Mizoram a inthawkin Hmarkhawlien hung inpemlut tam tak an um. Sap mission rawngbawlna a inthawk chun tuta Hmarkhawlien hi MISSION tia hrietlar a hung nih. Thenkhatin Mission kha Lakhipur ti damin an hung hriet ta pei a nih.
Kum 1921 laia Mission (Hmarkhawlien khuo) a inden lala lo khawsa hmasa mi paruk hai zuk tarlang ei tih:
1. Pu Laltudai/Vansingpa
2. Pu Thilpuilal/Changapa
3. Saite
4. Lientluthang
5. Laldang
6. Sunkhum
7. Hmangdo
8. Kambuong hai an nih
Kum 1931 lai khan Hmarkhawlien a fak le dawn kawnga det deuva khawsa In sawmthum bawr an lo tling tah. Chu hai lai mi pathum hming zuk tarlang ei tih
1. Thiengapa
2. Belapa
3. LK Neithampa
Kum 1937 khan Hmarkhawlien
1. Vengthlang ah In sawmhni le ti an lo khawsa a.
2. Vengsak ah Inn sawm le ti an lo khawsa
C. MIZO UNION 1946
Kum 1946 a Mizo Union-Assam le Mizo Union (Lushai Hills) hung ngir khan Cachar a Hmar hai a nghawr nasa em em a. Pu HK Bawichhuaka inrawina hnuoia First Mizo Special Assembly chu Hmarkhawlien ah November 19-21, 1946 khan huoihawt a lo ni a. India ram huomsunga hamthatna nei ve kha Mizo Union thuoitu hai thil tum a lo nih. Khang hun laia ei thuoitu chu Pu HK Bawichhuaka acnih.
Pu HK Bawichhuaka kha Class IX chau pass mi var em em a nih. Khawbung khuo Mizoram a inthawkin 1923 khan Hmarkhawlien an hung inpem a. Doctor inchuk dingin Dacca ah a pa Pu HK Dohnunan a tir a. Amiruokchu, a social mi khawp el a. Pilot dam a lo zu tum lem a. Chu zova 1931 a inthawk khan NEIGM Field Secy in kum 1940 chen kha Lakhipur ah a lo thang. Hill Panchayat President hmasatak khawm a lo nih. Parbung nunghak nuhmeiin a nei a. Nau nuhmei Rodini an nei. Lakhipur ah Mizo Union Conference an nei tum Nov 21, 1946 khan a tawngrawn takin a thang. Bengali, Hindi le Saptawng kha a thiem bek bek a. Dan a hriet bawk lei khan Lakhipur le Fulertal vai haiin Ukil Babu an lo ti hiel. Jean kekawr inek buna a suk a tunga Silchar to Hmarkhawlien lo intatbal a nih. A hohlim pei a. Politician inlar a la hung ni ta pei a nih.
Cachar a Pu HK Bawichhuaka khan Freedom to worship le freedom from bondage kha a lo thupui hle a. Chun India sawrkar a lo support leiin August 7, 1948 khan jail ah an khum. Hmarkhawlien mi Police i man hmasatak le jail intang hmasatak khawm Pu HK Bawichhuaka kha a nih.
Amiruokchu, a suok hnungin Aizawl ah an inpem a. MDC Chairman le CEM chen a lo tling. 1985 khan ei lo the tah. Mizo Union movement rasuok ruok chu Cachar phaizawla Hmar hai ta dinga Mizo a nuor intanna a nih.
D. INDIA INDEPENDENCE 1947
August ni 15, 1947 khan Pu Gandhi le Pu Nehru le mi tamtakin hunsawt tak sawl tak le inrimtaka an lo buoipui hnungin, India chun British a inthawkin zalenna chu a lo chang ve a. India chun a sunga hnamtin, chitin ta dinga insangna, hmasawnna le zalenna hai chu a hung ngaituo tan ta a nih.
Hun sawttak kharkhipa lo um ei ni leiin, mani ram sunga mani hming Hmar ngeia um le sawrkara inthawka phurrik ei nei hai chu a zang theina ding ngaituo in, India zalenna chu remchanga hmang ei tum a. India zar zo ve dingin nasatakin hma ei hung lak ta a nih. Cachar Division Mizo Union (MU), Hmar Mongoloid Federation (HMF), Cachar, Hmar National Congress (HNC) le HNU (MAT)-Hmar National Union (Manipur, Assam le Tripura) le political hriemhrei dang dang hai kha "Hmarram" dapnan ei lo hmang.
E. HMAR MONGOLOID FEDERATION 1948
Tuiruong ruoma Hmar political party pahnina chu Hmar Mongolian Federation (HMF) kha a nih. Pu Thangteh Kuki, President a thlang a ni a; chun Pu Harish Roy (Pu Laltudai Roy)/Pu Laltudai Amaw chu General Secretary a nih. HMF hi June 1, 1948 khan Taranathpur, Dwarband, Cachar a indin a nih. Silchar khawpuia ei office chu Silchar Meherpur-a innghat a ni a. Cachar Hmar hamthatna zawngin sawrkar an lo dawr.
Amiruokchu, Cachar ah Mizo Union (Lushai Hills) le HMF chu an hung intau ta a nih. Thang le thang insiemin, inkhekkhumin, lunga indengin an iner a. Hmarkhawlien a Vai sikul/Patshala LP school hi HMF khekdawk liu liu a nih. Bengali medium a nih. Cachar a Hmar hai sikul hmasatak a nih.
F. HMARKHAWLIEN 1951
1. Vengsak ah 23 houses
2. Vengthlang ah 24 houses
3. Lamlienveng ah 24 houses
4. Huonveng ah 10 houses
Total 81 houses
G. HMAR NATIONAL CONGRESS 1954
July 3, 1954 khan Parbung, Manipur-ah Hmar National Congress (HNC) chu indin a hung ni a. Pu Rochung Pudaite Chairman a thlang a nih. President-in Pu J. Lungawi hmang a nih. Pu Thianga Nampui, Haflong a mi chu Secretary-a thlang a nih. Kum 1952-1957 sunga NC Hills ADC CEM Pu CH Khawthang khawma Hmar hnam ta dingin nasatakin HNC a lo thangpui ve a. Chun Cachar ramzawla Hmar hnam chu sawrkar laipui hriet ei la ni naw leiin, sipai lutna ding le central sin chungchangah harsatna a um hlak a ni ti hrezingin Diger a inthawkin Pu Neia Zate le Rothuom hai khawm HNC committee-ah an thang ve a nih. Cachar biel a Hmar aiawtu an lo nih. HNC thuoitu Pu Rochung Pudaite chun India PM Pu Jawaharlal Nehru chu October 19, 1953 khan an hmupui a. Hmar haiin ADC ei pawimaw zie le ST nina ei mamaw zie hai theitawp suoin a hril a nih.
Chun Pu L. Tawna, Mizo Union thuoitu chun HNC a hung zawm ve ta a. Ama rawiin, January 29, 1955 khan Hmarkhawlien-ah HNC Constitution chu namnghet a nih. HNC chun hnam politics a harsatna tieng nasatakin hma a lak.
Hmar National Congress (HNC) le Pu Rochung Pudaite hai zarin kum 1956 khan Hmar chu Scheduled Tribe (ST) a ziektlar ei ni a. Amiruokchu, Cachar phairuoma Hmar chu ST nina pek ei ni nawh.
H. HMAR NATIONAL UNION 1958
Cachar, Manipur le Mizo Hills a Hmar in political parties a hran hrana ei nei kha tha ti lo pawl hnam thuoitu an hung suok a. Hnam thuoitu Manipur Lungthulien khuo a Pu LK Sata le Pu VL Bawia hai zarin kum 1958 khan HNU a hung pieng ta a nih.
Hmar National Union (HNU) kha political party pathum belkawp a nih.
Chuong party pathum hai chu HMF, HNC le MU an nih:
1. HMF-Hmar Mongoloid Federation a "Hmar". Cachar, Assam
2. HNC-Hmar National Congress a "National". Churachandpur, Manipur
3. MU-Mizo Union a "Union". Mizo Hills District, Assam (Tuta Mizoram).
Hmar National Union kha HNU-MAT ti khawma an lo ko hlak. HNU-Manipur, Assam le Tripura tina a nih. Khang hun lai khan tuta Mizoram le Meghalaya hi Assam huomsunga la um an nih. Vaitin khuo, tuta Mizoram ah HNU in inkhawmpui an lo nei ve. Hmar delna ram popo khitkawpa Autonomous District nawrdawk kha an lo tum.
HNU a khan Cachar Hmar khawma beiseina insangtak an lo nei a. Kum 1959 chen kha Cachar a Hmar hai khawm Hmar National Union-Manipur, Assam le Tripura {HNU (MAT)} Division hnuoia an lo um. HNU-MAT (Cachar Division) President hmasatak khawm Pu HR Chunga a nih. Pu Thangneilal S. Ngurte Secretary hmasatak a nih. Diger khuo khawsattu Pu Lalchunglien Lungtau Ina HNU inkhawmna nei a lo ni hlak. Inlaichinna tha a um theina dingin HNU GHQ President Pu Selkai Hrangchal le Pu TK Buongpui haiin hnam harsatna chi dang dang hung phurin, Hmarkhawlien-ah ruoi an hung the. Amiruokchu, Manipur Hmar MLA politics le HNU hnam politics invir dan kha Cachar thuoitu hai chun an lo study ve. Chawmkhat hnungin ngaidan an hung siem ve ta a nih.
I. HNU-ASSAM
Kum 1952 laia Mizo politics kalhmangah Mizo Union-in naufahra-in a siem kha Cachar Hmar thuoitu haiin an theinghil thei naw a. Chun Pu Rochung Pudaite in HNC maksanin Pathien ram ah a lut ta leiin Cachar Hmar political thuoitu an chiai em em. HNU President Pu Selkai Hrangchal le a hnunga HNU President Pu Ngurdinglien Sanate haiin HNU-MAT kha Tipaimukh MLA tling theina ding chauvin an hung hmang ta leiin, HNU chun hnam politics an khel thei ta naw a. Chun HNU-MAT chun Cachar a Hmar harsatna le hmasawnna ding thil hrim hrim ngaituona hun a nei thei ta nawh. Cachar Hmar hai ST status le inzawma an beidawngna a buoipui hman ta bawk nawh. Chuleiin, Manipur le Cachar Hmar thuoitu hai karah inhrietthiemnawna lientak el a hung pieng ta a nih. Chulei le India zalenna chu changve ngei theina dingin Hmar National Union-Assam (HNU-Assam) chu 1960 khan Cachar Hmarkhawlien-ah indin a lo nih. HNU-Assam thil tum lien deu hai chu: Cachar a Hmar hnam sawrkar hriet lova lo um ta chu sawrkar hrietna (ST recognition) a umna ding le ei hnam, inchukna tieng le ei tawng hriet lova a um chau nilovin eini ngei khawm autonomous district khata um a, mani ram le hnam dan hai chu siemthat tulna hai siemthata, chu dan chu zui dingin sawrkar laipui le Assam sawrkar-ah memorandum thelut a nih. Pu SK Siema (F/o Pu Thanhlir Ralsun), Pu L.K. Neitham, Pu Lalthanthuom Hrangchal, Pu L.T. Buhril, Pu Thuomluoi Hmar, Pu V.N. Sela, Pu Ngur Sunthang le Pu VL Muonga Pudaite hai kha HNU thuoitu inlar bik deu hai an nih.
HNU-Assam in nasataka hma a lak leiin 1960 bawr laia Khasi, Jaintia le Garo hai Meghalaya state movement a khan ei thang nuom naw a; chun kum 1970 laia MNF haiin Mizoram indin tuma ‘Greater Mizoram” an khekpui laia Mizo ti khan Cachar Hmar lungril chu a tu thei tak tak ta nawh. Chuleiin kum 1970 a Meghalaya a hung pieng khan tuta Cachar phaizawla ei umna hmun hai hi Meghalaya sunga sie an ni nawh; chuelkhelah, kum 1986 a Mizoram state puitlinga hlangkai a hung ni khan Cachar phairuoma Hmar delna khuo hai Mizoram-in a huop thei ta bawk nawh.
Assam rama um zinga, Cachar, Hailakandi, Karimganj le NC Hills-a tlangmi dang haiin chanpuol le fak le dawn an hmu popo hmu ve tum a, an fakfak fak ve kha HNU-Assam thil tum a hung ni ta lem a nih. Hi kawnga hin Pu LK Neitham, Pu Ngur Sunthang Sanate le Pu VL Muonga Pudaite hai khan sawrkar ah nasatakin hma an lo lak.
J. TRIBAL BELT MOVEMENT 1965
Kum 1965 khan Kumbha khuo a sipai bang Pu Lalthanthuom Hrangchal a rawiin Cachar phairuoma tlangmi tribal hai ta dingin Tribal Development Block ei nawr a. Tuta “Joypur Tribal Development Block” hi ei i nawr dawk liu liu a nih. Amiruokchu, Cachar-ah ST Plains ei ni naw leiin, Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) hnuoia ST hai inthanglienna fund hlekte khat khawm ei dawn thei nawh. Cachar a STP (Dimasa le Barman) haiin an chang ta lem a nih. Hmasawnna takin an hung hmang tung ta pei a nih.
K. EDUCATION
Cachar Hmar thuoitu hai khan an lung sukhnuol chuong lovin HNU Hmar Education Board an indin a. HEB hmalakna leiin vawisun ni chen hin Fulertal Hmar LP sikul (1954) le Hmarkhawlien Hmar LP sikul (1962) hai ah Hmar tawngin ei naupang haiin lekha an inchuk thei zing a nih. HNU sirsanin Hmarkhawlien ah Union High School kum 1964 khan indin a nih. 1984 khan sawrkarin a lak. Union High School hi member 13 umna Management Committee (MC) hnuoia enkawl a ni a. Secretary chu Headmaster a nih; Chairman khawm Hmarkhawlien mi ei lo ni hlak. Kum 1993 a inthawka 2012 chen kha Pu HT Hrangkung chu SMC Chairman-in a lo thang a. Chun kum 1972 khan Edith Douglas English Medium School indin a nih.
Kum 1971 khan Mizoram a Mara hai ADC pek an hung ni a. 1972 khan Lushai Hills chu Assam a district pakhata thang ta lovin, Union Territory-a hlangkai a hung ni nawk a. Lai le Chakma hai khawma kum 1972 khan ADC an hung hmu ta pei a. Cachar a Hmar hai ruok chun iengkhawm ei hmu ve nawh. ST status le inzawma ei thil hni sukpuitling a ni bawk nawh.
Amiruokchu, politics zamsanin education ei sopui rak ta leiin Bengali school, English school le Hmar medium school ei hung nawrdawk thei ta a nih.
L. DEVELOPMENT
Education ei hung ngai pawimaw a. Chuongchun khuosung development thil a khawm lungril ei hung pek tan ta pei a nih. Tuta Marketing (1969) ei ti hi rengthei tui her dawkna khawlin ei lo nei hlak a. Kum 1986 lai chen kha FULCO ti brand hmangin ei rengthei tui hai ei lo thelar; Patnikai laia PHE Tanky khawm hi HNU-Assam hmalakna leia kum 1976-a inthrut a nih. Community Godown tuta HKL Community Hall khawm hi HNU, Assam thuoitu hai zara ei hung nei tung pei a nih. HNU, Assam President Pu LK Neitham le a EWC hai hmalakna kha Cachar Hmar mipuiin an lo thlawp a. Mi tamtakin inthanglien pha nan an lo hmang.
M. HPC MOVEMENT 1986
Mizoram ah ei unau Hmar haiin Hmar hnam movement an hung nei khan, Cachar a Hmar haiin National Highway lampui a hai 24 Hours Bandh ei lo ko ve a. Mizoram a HPC movement kha ei lungril le tha le sumin ei lo support ve a nih. Aizawl a hliem hai Hmarkhawlien ah phurluta, enkawltu ei ni ve. Cachar le Mizoram ramri Moniarkhal a ei hnam pasaltha Lalbieklien le hnam pasaltha Lienhmingthang hai ruong khawm Hmarkhawlien a phurlut an ni a. Ropui tak le inzana insangtak pein vuiliem an lo nih. HPC le Mizoram inbiekna a khawm Pu LK Neitham le Cachar a Hmar thuoitu hai an thang ve. Vawisunni chen hin HPC-D Mizoram Region movement hi hnam movement ei la tih.
N. HMAR PEOPLE'S UNION 1990
Assam sunga NC Hills le Cachar merger thaw dingin kum 1986 khan HNU-Assam Vice-President Pu KS Hrangchal inrawina-in Assam CM kuomah memorandum thelut a lo ni a. Cachar le NC Hills khitkawpa Assam a Hmar ta ding bik liu liua Autonomous District Council (ADC) nei kha HNU-Assam thil tum pakhat a hung ni ta a nih. Amiruokchu, NC Hills tienga ei unau Hmar hai chun remchangnawna tam tak an hung hril ta a. Intlawp a hung harsa tan ta leiin, kum 1990 khan NC Hills a Hmar hai chun Pu Ramthang Inbuon (President) le Pu Khawvelthang Joute (Secretary) inrawina hnuoia Retzawl khuoah Hmar People’s Union (HPU) an hung indin ta lem a nih. HPU thil tum tak chu NC Hills a Hmar hnufuolzie le harsatna chu NC Hills Autonomous District Council thuoitu kuoma intlun le hril le hmasawnna dinga lampui riruong hai NC Hills District thuneitu kuoma thelut a nih.
O. CHPF MOVEMENT 1991
Kum 1991 laia inthawk khan Pu T. Sangkhum a rawiin Cachar a tlangmi hai hamthatna ding political apparatus nawr a ni a. Pu T. Sangkhum le Pu Ngur Sunthang Sanate hai zarin kum 1996 khan Assam sawrkar le Cachar Hill Tribes Federation (CHPF) hai kara inremna ziek a hung ni khan Cachar a tlangmi sipai 417 in silai an lo intung. BVHTDC hi a i rasuok chu a nih. A hamthatu ei hung ni tung ta pei.
P. BVHTDC
Pu Sangkhum, Pu Ngur Sunthang le Pu Lalthomlien Neitham hai zarin BVHTDC khawma kumtin Rs 2-5 crores a hmu tah.
Politics manfu haiin mi tlawmte an thangpui malamin an ni khawm an hausa pha a. A tamlem thangpuia a hausa ve an um bawk. A thawsuol hai ruok chun khur mawngbova an lut pui. Amiruokchu, politics insangtak chu mania ngirsuok thei hi a nih. A lien tam, a chien tam shortcut sirsan tum lova mania ngirsuok haiin politics an inhnelfuk hlak.
Q. ST STATUS DEMAND COMMITTEE
Kum 1992 khan Assam Tribal Research Institute (TRI) in Cachar, Karimganj le Hailakandi a Hmar hai ST Plains ni dingin a mi lo recommend a. Khang hun laia HSA hmalakna zarin lampui seitak ei lo hraw. Kum 2008 khan sawrkar in Hmar Inpui hai kuoma ST Plains a lo recommend nawk a. Chun kum 2015 lai khan Hmar BJP in ST status an zu bawzui nawk a. Sawrkarin ST Plains status bawk a lo khikhmu. HSA, Hmar Inpui, etc hai demand chu: Cachar Plains Districts sunga ST Hills status a nih. Kum 2016 khan Pu Abraham Keivawm a hnuoia Cachar, Karimganj le Hailakandi Hmar ST Demand Committee indin a nih. ST Plains le ST Hills status chungthu ah inremnawna a suok leiin tuhin a DEFUNCT tah. Hnam thuoitu Assam Region hai Charter of Demands nuhnungtak ah Cachar a Hmar hai ST status zepsa nawk a nih.
Ei hril ta ang khan HSA in kum 1989 khan Cachar Hmar ST status le inzawmin Assam sawrkar ah memorandum a lo thelut a. Chu chu sirsanin kum 1992 khan Assam Tribal Research Institute ilin Cachar, Karimganj le Hailakandi a Hmar hai Ethnographic Study Report sawrkar ah a lo thelut a. Chu taka chun Cachar, Karimganj le Hailakandi a Hmar hai hi kawng chi nga parameters besanin an mi lo study a. A tawpah ei hnufuolzie enin hmasawnna lampui ei hraw ve theina ding le chanpuol ei nei ve theina dingin ST Plains status an mi lo hrilmawi a, an mi lo recommend. Amiruokchu, ei hnam thuoitu haiin ST Plains status kha an lo hnawl. Kum 2008, kum 2015 a ei hnam thuoitu hai in Assam sawrkar an zun hmupui nawk khan 1992 TRI Ethnographic Study Report bawk kha an lo sirsan nawk. ST Plains status hnawl nawkin Cachar a Hmar ta dingin ST Hills status bawk ei zu demand a nih. Sawrkar chu a ma dan siem bawk hmanga dawr a tul ti ei hriet hun la um a tih. Cachar hi Assam a plains district a ni a. Hi taka ST chu ST (Plains District) an tih.
Assam Plains districts a Bodo hai khawma an unau Hills District NC Hills le Karbi Anglong a cheng Bodo hai ta dingin ST status an hni ve a. Hills a cheng Bodo hai ta ding bikin Bodo MoS 2003 a khan clause pakhat an lo belsa. Chu chu an bawzui a. Tuhin Hills districts a Bodo ST (Hills) status processing zing a nih.
Assam a Bodo hi 13.5 lakhs bawr an ni a.
1. ST Plains, 13 lakhs. Plain districts 31 districts ah
2. Plain Tribe in Hills, 50,000 bawr. Hihi ST Plains tak tak nilo a nih. 2 districts (NC Hills le Karbi Anglong) ah.
Bodo Accord 2003 a khan NC Hills le Karbi Anglong a Bodo 50,000 bawr hai ta dingin ST (Hills Districts) status nawr ning a tih, tiin BLT helpawl thuoitu haiin sawrkar an lo ziekpui a. Chu chu an bawzui zing a. Kha hma met khawm khan NC Hills le Karbi Anglong a cheng Bodo 50,000 bawr hai sawrkarin ST Hills status a zieklut a tum a. Dodalzie inentirnan Hills Districts a students unions haiin bandh an lo ko tah.
Cachar a Hmar hai hi NC Hills le Karbi Anglong a Bodo 50,000 hai ngirhmun ang deu nei ei nih. Anachu eini chu ei umna hi Plains a ni a. ST (Plains District) ei demand naw chun Cachar a ST tak tak ni thei a ni nawh. Sawrkar chun Cachar a Hmar ST Hills status dingin a mi la recommend der nawh.
Assam TRI Ethnographic Study Report le 2015 Forwarding lekha kha WPT ah tuhin a um. Pu Vanlallien Pulamte kha a zu lut nuhnungtak ni mei a tih. NC Hills tlangmi chungthu hi HAD, Hills Areas Dept in a deal hlak a. Cachar a Hmar chungthu ruok hi chu WPT Dept in an deal zek hnungin sawrkar ah a lut chau hlak. TRI hi recommendatory organisation MoTA hnuoia mi a ni a chu, Ethnography chungthua Assam ah highest authority a nih. Ei ST status chungthua Assam sawrkarin TRI recommendation a hnawl ti chu ei la hriet nawh.
R. ST CERTIFICATE SEIPA
Tukuma ST certificate Lakhipur SDO in a issue kha "certificate" Field Officer pakhatin a lo issue ang a ni a. Kum 1982 a Assam Chief Secretary Pu Ramesh Chandra issued kha Assam sawrkar "order" a nih. Field Officer le Assam Chief Secretary thu insuo an kal chun, Assam Chief Secretary order insuo kha a prevail hlak. Assam a Plain districts popo a ST List chu 2002 khan an siemtha tah. Chu chu ST Order (Amendment) Act 2002 an tih. Chu order chu Assam sawrkarin hem danglam metin, 1.4.2003 khan Under Secretary, WPT and BC Dept, Govt Assam in notification insuo in phairama ST List a tardawk. Chu list a chun phairama cheng hnam sawmpali an thang. Cachar a Barman, Dimasa le Garo khawm ST Plains in an namdet a. Assam ST/SC Act 1978 le Rules 1983 le Notifications dungzuiin All Assam Tribal Sangha hin phairama ST certificate popo a lo issue hlak. Assam Tribal Sangha identified popo SDO/DC in an countersigned hlak a. Amiruokchu, kum 2018 khan Bodo organisation pakhat BJSM in AATS hai ST certificate issuing power chu Gauhati High Court ah a khing a. Hearing sawt tak an nei hnungin July 25, 2018 a inthawk khan Court chun AATS chu ST certificate issue thei ta lo dingin thu an suo khum. Chu zar chun nikum a inthawk khan SDO/DC hmingin direct in phairama ST certificate popo insuo a ni tah. Cachar a Hmar chu "Hill Tribe in Plains" ei la ni a. Chu status chu sirsanin Assam a "ST Hills quota" fa zing ei nih.
S. HMAR MIL SUBJECT MOVEMENT
HNU-Assam, HIBVR, Hmar Literature Society le Hmar MIL Monitoring Committee hai zarin Hmar MIL subject chu Assam sunga Class VIII, IX, X, XII le TDC a inchuk thei dingin Assam sawrkar chun phalna a mi pek tah. Inchuklai tamtakin ei sawr zing.
T. HPC-D MOVEMENT
Cachar a Hmar hai hi hnam movement popovah ei theina naah ei phakchin peiin ei lo thang ve hlak a. Nei popo thamral thaka hnam rawngbawl dinga inpe khawm an um. HPC-D hai popo hi Cachar a Hmar hai beidawngna sukzangkhaitu dinga ngir an nih.
Tun chu Assam Region le sawrkar kara inbiekna hin Cachar a Hmar hamthatna ding ST status le Assam a Hmar popo ADC hnuoia ei um theina khawl a hung fensa ngei beiseiin tlumte thlirin Cachar, Karimganj le Hailakandi Hmar popovin ei lo thlir zing.
Hieng lai zing hin, May 2019 khan Anti-talk faction HPC-D (President Group) President Pu Lalhmingthang Sanate chu Chiripool, Lakhipur ah man a nih.
U. THUKHARNA
Tuta BVHTDC hi Barak Valley, Assam a hnam sawmpali hai ta a ni a. A nawrdawktu khawm ei nih. Amiruokchu biel tak tak an hung siem pha chu eini neka tamlem ei unau Reang le hnam dang hai Chairman tlingna ding a la nih. Hmar chun member sawm ah pahni ei nei el thei. Vice Chairman chu ei inchu zeu zeu ring a um. Chuleiin Cachar ah Autonomous District Council (ADC) annawle Hmar Development Council (HDC) a hrana ei nawr a tul tah.
ADC annawle HDC ei hmu hma po chu mani senga intodel hi ei politics ni sien titu ei tam lem. Barak Valley hi Union Territory in an la hlangkai ding a nih. Chu huna chun Cachar, Hailakandi le Karimganj a Hmar hai hamthatna ding Autonomous District vawisuna inthawk ei lo dap tan a tul tah.
Lakhawmtu
~Dada le Jojo-Pa,
Hmarkhawlien, Cachar, Assam
August 21, 2019
Cachar a Hmar hai hi India hmarsak tienga hnam pakhat hung insiemdawk ei ni ve a. Mongoloid thla hai laia hnam pakhata insiemdawk ei ni ve. Ei hung suokna nia an lo hril dan chun “Sinlung“ hi ni dingin an lo sui.
Tuta Mizoram hi a lo del hmasatu chu Hmar ei nih. Lusei hai an hung lut ve a, a lo um hmasa Hmar hai an min do pui a. Khawsak tienga inthawkin Pawi haiin an mi do bawk leiin, ei umna hmun pangai ahei um zing thei ta nawa, Mizoram a inthawkin ramthar ah ei indar ta vawng a nih.
Hieng Assam (Cachar, NC Hills, Karbi Anglong), Manipur (Tipaimukh, Thanlon le Churachandpur) le Meghalaya (Khaddum)-a hai hin a tlandar thenkhat hai chu ei lut a. Mizoram a la um hai chu hmun dang dangah an indar zo tah. Mizoram hmar tieng panga hmun khuor ei tam lem.
Tuta ei del ram po a buma ei umna hmun (Cachar, NC Hills, Karbi Anglong, Manipur, Meghalaya le Mizoram) hi 7,040 sq km vel ning a tih. Ei ram del popo hi a zau zawngin Mizoram hmun thuma thea hmunkhat ang tluk a ni hmel.
Kum 1968 laia Hmar National Union-Manipur, Assam le Tripura [HNU-(MAT)]-in India Prime Minister kuoma memorandum a lo thelut khan Hmar mipui vote nei chu 1,85,000 ei nih, tiin an tarlang. Hang ngairuota a hnai ang tak chu hi hi a nih: Kum 1968 khan vawisuna Kolasib district (Mizoram) annawleh Tamenglong (Manipur) district-a mihriem umzat neka tam ei lo nih.
B. LAKHIPUR MISSION COMPOUND
Kum 1828 lai khan Hmar hnam kaupeng a Faihriem pahnam a mi "Khupa Raja" chu Cachar sunga Nutan Bazar le Dwarbond lai a lo khawsa hlak a. Cachar a Faihriem kaupeng inlalna biel le Lakhipur a Muoltluong khuo satdawktu, Ngaichawngsingpa Silchar a inthawka a tunga Doiheng/Retzawl pana kai hai le Cachar le Jiribam ramri Saihmar khuo satdawktu Lala Kuki hai chanchin suitu ei um tah. Cachar a Hmar khuo ei ivsatdawk hmasatak chu Saihmar khuo a nih, a titu an um. Kum 1865 a ei lo satdawk a nih, an tih. Thenkhat chun Muoltluong khuo hi 1828 AD laia ei lo del dai an tah, an tih. Kum 1885 khan Cachar a Saisel khuo ah ei lo lut tah titu an um. A thenin 1913 laia lut chau an nih, an tih. Balisor, Barjelenga le Dwarbond area lai khun kum 1828 lai daia ei lo cheng an tah, titu an um bawk. A iengieng khawm nisien, Hmar haiin Cachar phaizawl hi ei lo delna a sawt tah.
Kum 1916 lai vel khan Hmarkhawlien khuo, tuta Lakhipur, Cachar, Assam a um hi ei lo del dai tah. Sap Missionary haiin hmun an inchawk ve a. Christian rawngbawlna hmunpuiin an nei. Tuta WMCEI hai biekin umna a hin Mission Compound an lo bawl a. Thingtinkim (Mukam) kawla tlang a khun school le office an lo nei. Manipur ram le Cachar a khuo dang dang sirin rawngbawlna sin Saphaiin an lo thaw a. Manipur le Mizoram a inthawkin Hmarkhawlien hung inpemlut tam tak an um. Sap mission rawngbawlna a inthawk chun tuta Hmarkhawlien hi MISSION tia hrietlar a hung nih. Thenkhatin Mission kha Lakhipur ti damin an hung hriet ta pei a nih.
Kum 1921 laia Mission (Hmarkhawlien khuo) a inden lala lo khawsa hmasa mi paruk hai zuk tarlang ei tih:
1. Pu Laltudai/Vansingpa
2. Pu Thilpuilal/Changapa
3. Saite
4. Lientluthang
5. Laldang
6. Sunkhum
7. Hmangdo
8. Kambuong hai an nih
Kum 1931 lai khan Hmarkhawlien a fak le dawn kawnga det deuva khawsa In sawmthum bawr an lo tling tah. Chu hai lai mi pathum hming zuk tarlang ei tih
1. Thiengapa
2. Belapa
3. LK Neithampa
Kum 1937 khan Hmarkhawlien
1. Vengthlang ah In sawmhni le ti an lo khawsa a.
2. Vengsak ah Inn sawm le ti an lo khawsa
C. MIZO UNION 1946
Kum 1946 a Mizo Union-Assam le Mizo Union (Lushai Hills) hung ngir khan Cachar a Hmar hai a nghawr nasa em em a. Pu HK Bawichhuaka inrawina hnuoia First Mizo Special Assembly chu Hmarkhawlien ah November 19-21, 1946 khan huoihawt a lo ni a. India ram huomsunga hamthatna nei ve kha Mizo Union thuoitu hai thil tum a lo nih. Khang hun laia ei thuoitu chu Pu HK Bawichhuaka acnih.
Pu HK Bawichhuaka kha Class IX chau pass mi var em em a nih. Khawbung khuo Mizoram a inthawkin 1923 khan Hmarkhawlien an hung inpem a. Doctor inchuk dingin Dacca ah a pa Pu HK Dohnunan a tir a. Amiruokchu, a social mi khawp el a. Pilot dam a lo zu tum lem a. Chu zova 1931 a inthawk khan NEIGM Field Secy in kum 1940 chen kha Lakhipur ah a lo thang. Hill Panchayat President hmasatak khawm a lo nih. Parbung nunghak nuhmeiin a nei a. Nau nuhmei Rodini an nei. Lakhipur ah Mizo Union Conference an nei tum Nov 21, 1946 khan a tawngrawn takin a thang. Bengali, Hindi le Saptawng kha a thiem bek bek a. Dan a hriet bawk lei khan Lakhipur le Fulertal vai haiin Ukil Babu an lo ti hiel. Jean kekawr inek buna a suk a tunga Silchar to Hmarkhawlien lo intatbal a nih. A hohlim pei a. Politician inlar a la hung ni ta pei a nih.
Cachar a Pu HK Bawichhuaka khan Freedom to worship le freedom from bondage kha a lo thupui hle a. Chun India sawrkar a lo support leiin August 7, 1948 khan jail ah an khum. Hmarkhawlien mi Police i man hmasatak le jail intang hmasatak khawm Pu HK Bawichhuaka kha a nih.
Amiruokchu, a suok hnungin Aizawl ah an inpem a. MDC Chairman le CEM chen a lo tling. 1985 khan ei lo the tah. Mizo Union movement rasuok ruok chu Cachar phaizawla Hmar hai ta dinga Mizo a nuor intanna a nih.
D. INDIA INDEPENDENCE 1947
August ni 15, 1947 khan Pu Gandhi le Pu Nehru le mi tamtakin hunsawt tak sawl tak le inrimtaka an lo buoipui hnungin, India chun British a inthawkin zalenna chu a lo chang ve a. India chun a sunga hnamtin, chitin ta dinga insangna, hmasawnna le zalenna hai chu a hung ngaituo tan ta a nih.
Hun sawttak kharkhipa lo um ei ni leiin, mani ram sunga mani hming Hmar ngeia um le sawrkara inthawka phurrik ei nei hai chu a zang theina ding ngaituo in, India zalenna chu remchanga hmang ei tum a. India zar zo ve dingin nasatakin hma ei hung lak ta a nih. Cachar Division Mizo Union (MU), Hmar Mongoloid Federation (HMF), Cachar, Hmar National Congress (HNC) le HNU (MAT)-Hmar National Union (Manipur, Assam le Tripura) le political hriemhrei dang dang hai kha "Hmarram" dapnan ei lo hmang.
E. HMAR MONGOLOID FEDERATION 1948
Tuiruong ruoma Hmar political party pahnina chu Hmar Mongolian Federation (HMF) kha a nih. Pu Thangteh Kuki, President a thlang a ni a; chun Pu Harish Roy (Pu Laltudai Roy)/Pu Laltudai Amaw chu General Secretary a nih. HMF hi June 1, 1948 khan Taranathpur, Dwarband, Cachar a indin a nih. Silchar khawpuia ei office chu Silchar Meherpur-a innghat a ni a. Cachar Hmar hamthatna zawngin sawrkar an lo dawr.
Amiruokchu, Cachar ah Mizo Union (Lushai Hills) le HMF chu an hung intau ta a nih. Thang le thang insiemin, inkhekkhumin, lunga indengin an iner a. Hmarkhawlien a Vai sikul/Patshala LP school hi HMF khekdawk liu liu a nih. Bengali medium a nih. Cachar a Hmar hai sikul hmasatak a nih.
F. HMARKHAWLIEN 1951
1. Vengsak ah 23 houses
2. Vengthlang ah 24 houses
3. Lamlienveng ah 24 houses
4. Huonveng ah 10 houses
Total 81 houses
G. HMAR NATIONAL CONGRESS 1954
July 3, 1954 khan Parbung, Manipur-ah Hmar National Congress (HNC) chu indin a hung ni a. Pu Rochung Pudaite Chairman a thlang a nih. President-in Pu J. Lungawi hmang a nih. Pu Thianga Nampui, Haflong a mi chu Secretary-a thlang a nih. Kum 1952-1957 sunga NC Hills ADC CEM Pu CH Khawthang khawma Hmar hnam ta dingin nasatakin HNC a lo thangpui ve a. Chun Cachar ramzawla Hmar hnam chu sawrkar laipui hriet ei la ni naw leiin, sipai lutna ding le central sin chungchangah harsatna a um hlak a ni ti hrezingin Diger a inthawkin Pu Neia Zate le Rothuom hai khawm HNC committee-ah an thang ve a nih. Cachar biel a Hmar aiawtu an lo nih. HNC thuoitu Pu Rochung Pudaite chun India PM Pu Jawaharlal Nehru chu October 19, 1953 khan an hmupui a. Hmar haiin ADC ei pawimaw zie le ST nina ei mamaw zie hai theitawp suoin a hril a nih.
Chun Pu L. Tawna, Mizo Union thuoitu chun HNC a hung zawm ve ta a. Ama rawiin, January 29, 1955 khan Hmarkhawlien-ah HNC Constitution chu namnghet a nih. HNC chun hnam politics a harsatna tieng nasatakin hma a lak.
Hmar National Congress (HNC) le Pu Rochung Pudaite hai zarin kum 1956 khan Hmar chu Scheduled Tribe (ST) a ziektlar ei ni a. Amiruokchu, Cachar phairuoma Hmar chu ST nina pek ei ni nawh.
H. HMAR NATIONAL UNION 1958
Cachar, Manipur le Mizo Hills a Hmar in political parties a hran hrana ei nei kha tha ti lo pawl hnam thuoitu an hung suok a. Hnam thuoitu Manipur Lungthulien khuo a Pu LK Sata le Pu VL Bawia hai zarin kum 1958 khan HNU a hung pieng ta a nih.
Hmar National Union (HNU) kha political party pathum belkawp a nih.
Chuong party pathum hai chu HMF, HNC le MU an nih:
1. HMF-Hmar Mongoloid Federation a "Hmar". Cachar, Assam
2. HNC-Hmar National Congress a "National". Churachandpur, Manipur
3. MU-Mizo Union a "Union". Mizo Hills District, Assam (Tuta Mizoram).
Hmar National Union kha HNU-MAT ti khawma an lo ko hlak. HNU-Manipur, Assam le Tripura tina a nih. Khang hun lai khan tuta Mizoram le Meghalaya hi Assam huomsunga la um an nih. Vaitin khuo, tuta Mizoram ah HNU in inkhawmpui an lo nei ve. Hmar delna ram popo khitkawpa Autonomous District nawrdawk kha an lo tum.
HNU a khan Cachar Hmar khawma beiseina insangtak an lo nei a. Kum 1959 chen kha Cachar a Hmar hai khawm Hmar National Union-Manipur, Assam le Tripura {HNU (MAT)} Division hnuoia an lo um. HNU-MAT (Cachar Division) President hmasatak khawm Pu HR Chunga a nih. Pu Thangneilal S. Ngurte Secretary hmasatak a nih. Diger khuo khawsattu Pu Lalchunglien Lungtau Ina HNU inkhawmna nei a lo ni hlak. Inlaichinna tha a um theina dingin HNU GHQ President Pu Selkai Hrangchal le Pu TK Buongpui haiin hnam harsatna chi dang dang hung phurin, Hmarkhawlien-ah ruoi an hung the. Amiruokchu, Manipur Hmar MLA politics le HNU hnam politics invir dan kha Cachar thuoitu hai chun an lo study ve. Chawmkhat hnungin ngaidan an hung siem ve ta a nih.
I. HNU-ASSAM
Kum 1952 laia Mizo politics kalhmangah Mizo Union-in naufahra-in a siem kha Cachar Hmar thuoitu haiin an theinghil thei naw a. Chun Pu Rochung Pudaite in HNC maksanin Pathien ram ah a lut ta leiin Cachar Hmar political thuoitu an chiai em em. HNU President Pu Selkai Hrangchal le a hnunga HNU President Pu Ngurdinglien Sanate haiin HNU-MAT kha Tipaimukh MLA tling theina ding chauvin an hung hmang ta leiin, HNU chun hnam politics an khel thei ta naw a. Chun HNU-MAT chun Cachar a Hmar harsatna le hmasawnna ding thil hrim hrim ngaituona hun a nei thei ta nawh. Cachar Hmar hai ST status le inzawma an beidawngna a buoipui hman ta bawk nawh. Chuleiin, Manipur le Cachar Hmar thuoitu hai karah inhrietthiemnawna lientak el a hung pieng ta a nih. Chulei le India zalenna chu changve ngei theina dingin Hmar National Union-Assam (HNU-Assam) chu 1960 khan Cachar Hmarkhawlien-ah indin a lo nih. HNU-Assam thil tum lien deu hai chu: Cachar a Hmar hnam sawrkar hriet lova lo um ta chu sawrkar hrietna (ST recognition) a umna ding le ei hnam, inchukna tieng le ei tawng hriet lova a um chau nilovin eini ngei khawm autonomous district khata um a, mani ram le hnam dan hai chu siemthat tulna hai siemthata, chu dan chu zui dingin sawrkar laipui le Assam sawrkar-ah memorandum thelut a nih. Pu SK Siema (F/o Pu Thanhlir Ralsun), Pu L.K. Neitham, Pu Lalthanthuom Hrangchal, Pu L.T. Buhril, Pu Thuomluoi Hmar, Pu V.N. Sela, Pu Ngur Sunthang le Pu VL Muonga Pudaite hai kha HNU thuoitu inlar bik deu hai an nih.
HNU-Assam in nasataka hma a lak leiin 1960 bawr laia Khasi, Jaintia le Garo hai Meghalaya state movement a khan ei thang nuom naw a; chun kum 1970 laia MNF haiin Mizoram indin tuma ‘Greater Mizoram” an khekpui laia Mizo ti khan Cachar Hmar lungril chu a tu thei tak tak ta nawh. Chuleiin kum 1970 a Meghalaya a hung pieng khan tuta Cachar phaizawla ei umna hmun hai hi Meghalaya sunga sie an ni nawh; chuelkhelah, kum 1986 a Mizoram state puitlinga hlangkai a hung ni khan Cachar phairuoma Hmar delna khuo hai Mizoram-in a huop thei ta bawk nawh.
Assam rama um zinga, Cachar, Hailakandi, Karimganj le NC Hills-a tlangmi dang haiin chanpuol le fak le dawn an hmu popo hmu ve tum a, an fakfak fak ve kha HNU-Assam thil tum a hung ni ta lem a nih. Hi kawnga hin Pu LK Neitham, Pu Ngur Sunthang Sanate le Pu VL Muonga Pudaite hai khan sawrkar ah nasatakin hma an lo lak.
J. TRIBAL BELT MOVEMENT 1965
Kum 1965 khan Kumbha khuo a sipai bang Pu Lalthanthuom Hrangchal a rawiin Cachar phairuoma tlangmi tribal hai ta dingin Tribal Development Block ei nawr a. Tuta “Joypur Tribal Development Block” hi ei i nawr dawk liu liu a nih. Amiruokchu, Cachar-ah ST Plains ei ni naw leiin, Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) hnuoia ST hai inthanglienna fund hlekte khat khawm ei dawn thei nawh. Cachar a STP (Dimasa le Barman) haiin an chang ta lem a nih. Hmasawnna takin an hung hmang tung ta pei a nih.
K. EDUCATION
Cachar Hmar thuoitu hai khan an lung sukhnuol chuong lovin HNU Hmar Education Board an indin a. HEB hmalakna leiin vawisun ni chen hin Fulertal Hmar LP sikul (1954) le Hmarkhawlien Hmar LP sikul (1962) hai ah Hmar tawngin ei naupang haiin lekha an inchuk thei zing a nih. HNU sirsanin Hmarkhawlien ah Union High School kum 1964 khan indin a nih. 1984 khan sawrkarin a lak. Union High School hi member 13 umna Management Committee (MC) hnuoia enkawl a ni a. Secretary chu Headmaster a nih; Chairman khawm Hmarkhawlien mi ei lo ni hlak. Kum 1993 a inthawka 2012 chen kha Pu HT Hrangkung chu SMC Chairman-in a lo thang a. Chun kum 1972 khan Edith Douglas English Medium School indin a nih.
Kum 1971 khan Mizoram a Mara hai ADC pek an hung ni a. 1972 khan Lushai Hills chu Assam a district pakhata thang ta lovin, Union Territory-a hlangkai a hung ni nawk a. Lai le Chakma hai khawma kum 1972 khan ADC an hung hmu ta pei a. Cachar a Hmar hai ruok chun iengkhawm ei hmu ve nawh. ST status le inzawma ei thil hni sukpuitling a ni bawk nawh.
Amiruokchu, politics zamsanin education ei sopui rak ta leiin Bengali school, English school le Hmar medium school ei hung nawrdawk thei ta a nih.
L. DEVELOPMENT
Education ei hung ngai pawimaw a. Chuongchun khuosung development thil a khawm lungril ei hung pek tan ta pei a nih. Tuta Marketing (1969) ei ti hi rengthei tui her dawkna khawlin ei lo nei hlak a. Kum 1986 lai chen kha FULCO ti brand hmangin ei rengthei tui hai ei lo thelar; Patnikai laia PHE Tanky khawm hi HNU-Assam hmalakna leia kum 1976-a inthrut a nih. Community Godown tuta HKL Community Hall khawm hi HNU, Assam thuoitu hai zara ei hung nei tung pei a nih. HNU, Assam President Pu LK Neitham le a EWC hai hmalakna kha Cachar Hmar mipuiin an lo thlawp a. Mi tamtakin inthanglien pha nan an lo hmang.
M. HPC MOVEMENT 1986
Mizoram ah ei unau Hmar haiin Hmar hnam movement an hung nei khan, Cachar a Hmar haiin National Highway lampui a hai 24 Hours Bandh ei lo ko ve a. Mizoram a HPC movement kha ei lungril le tha le sumin ei lo support ve a nih. Aizawl a hliem hai Hmarkhawlien ah phurluta, enkawltu ei ni ve. Cachar le Mizoram ramri Moniarkhal a ei hnam pasaltha Lalbieklien le hnam pasaltha Lienhmingthang hai ruong khawm Hmarkhawlien a phurlut an ni a. Ropui tak le inzana insangtak pein vuiliem an lo nih. HPC le Mizoram inbiekna a khawm Pu LK Neitham le Cachar a Hmar thuoitu hai an thang ve. Vawisunni chen hin HPC-D Mizoram Region movement hi hnam movement ei la tih.
N. HMAR PEOPLE'S UNION 1990
Assam sunga NC Hills le Cachar merger thaw dingin kum 1986 khan HNU-Assam Vice-President Pu KS Hrangchal inrawina-in Assam CM kuomah memorandum thelut a lo ni a. Cachar le NC Hills khitkawpa Assam a Hmar ta ding bik liu liua Autonomous District Council (ADC) nei kha HNU-Assam thil tum pakhat a hung ni ta a nih. Amiruokchu, NC Hills tienga ei unau Hmar hai chun remchangnawna tam tak an hung hril ta a. Intlawp a hung harsa tan ta leiin, kum 1990 khan NC Hills a Hmar hai chun Pu Ramthang Inbuon (President) le Pu Khawvelthang Joute (Secretary) inrawina hnuoia Retzawl khuoah Hmar People’s Union (HPU) an hung indin ta lem a nih. HPU thil tum tak chu NC Hills a Hmar hnufuolzie le harsatna chu NC Hills Autonomous District Council thuoitu kuoma intlun le hril le hmasawnna dinga lampui riruong hai NC Hills District thuneitu kuoma thelut a nih.
O. CHPF MOVEMENT 1991
Kum 1991 laia inthawk khan Pu T. Sangkhum a rawiin Cachar a tlangmi hai hamthatna ding political apparatus nawr a ni a. Pu T. Sangkhum le Pu Ngur Sunthang Sanate hai zarin kum 1996 khan Assam sawrkar le Cachar Hill Tribes Federation (CHPF) hai kara inremna ziek a hung ni khan Cachar a tlangmi sipai 417 in silai an lo intung. BVHTDC hi a i rasuok chu a nih. A hamthatu ei hung ni tung ta pei.
P. BVHTDC
Pu Sangkhum, Pu Ngur Sunthang le Pu Lalthomlien Neitham hai zarin BVHTDC khawma kumtin Rs 2-5 crores a hmu tah.
Politics manfu haiin mi tlawmte an thangpui malamin an ni khawm an hausa pha a. A tamlem thangpuia a hausa ve an um bawk. A thawsuol hai ruok chun khur mawngbova an lut pui. Amiruokchu, politics insangtak chu mania ngirsuok thei hi a nih. A lien tam, a chien tam shortcut sirsan tum lova mania ngirsuok haiin politics an inhnelfuk hlak.
Q. ST STATUS DEMAND COMMITTEE
Kum 1992 khan Assam Tribal Research Institute (TRI) in Cachar, Karimganj le Hailakandi a Hmar hai ST Plains ni dingin a mi lo recommend a. Khang hun laia HSA hmalakna zarin lampui seitak ei lo hraw. Kum 2008 khan sawrkar in Hmar Inpui hai kuoma ST Plains a lo recommend nawk a. Chun kum 2015 lai khan Hmar BJP in ST status an zu bawzui nawk a. Sawrkarin ST Plains status bawk a lo khikhmu. HSA, Hmar Inpui, etc hai demand chu: Cachar Plains Districts sunga ST Hills status a nih. Kum 2016 khan Pu Abraham Keivawm a hnuoia Cachar, Karimganj le Hailakandi Hmar ST Demand Committee indin a nih. ST Plains le ST Hills status chungthu ah inremnawna a suok leiin tuhin a DEFUNCT tah. Hnam thuoitu Assam Region hai Charter of Demands nuhnungtak ah Cachar a Hmar hai ST status zepsa nawk a nih.
Ei hril ta ang khan HSA in kum 1989 khan Cachar Hmar ST status le inzawmin Assam sawrkar ah memorandum a lo thelut a. Chu chu sirsanin kum 1992 khan Assam Tribal Research Institute ilin Cachar, Karimganj le Hailakandi a Hmar hai Ethnographic Study Report sawrkar ah a lo thelut a. Chu taka chun Cachar, Karimganj le Hailakandi a Hmar hai hi kawng chi nga parameters besanin an mi lo study a. A tawpah ei hnufuolzie enin hmasawnna lampui ei hraw ve theina ding le chanpuol ei nei ve theina dingin ST Plains status an mi lo hrilmawi a, an mi lo recommend. Amiruokchu, ei hnam thuoitu haiin ST Plains status kha an lo hnawl. Kum 2008, kum 2015 a ei hnam thuoitu hai in Assam sawrkar an zun hmupui nawk khan 1992 TRI Ethnographic Study Report bawk kha an lo sirsan nawk. ST Plains status hnawl nawkin Cachar a Hmar ta dingin ST Hills status bawk ei zu demand a nih. Sawrkar chu a ma dan siem bawk hmanga dawr a tul ti ei hriet hun la um a tih. Cachar hi Assam a plains district a ni a. Hi taka ST chu ST (Plains District) an tih.
Assam Plains districts a Bodo hai khawma an unau Hills District NC Hills le Karbi Anglong a cheng Bodo hai ta dingin ST status an hni ve a. Hills a cheng Bodo hai ta ding bikin Bodo MoS 2003 a khan clause pakhat an lo belsa. Chu chu an bawzui a. Tuhin Hills districts a Bodo ST (Hills) status processing zing a nih.
Assam a Bodo hi 13.5 lakhs bawr an ni a.
1. ST Plains, 13 lakhs. Plain districts 31 districts ah
2. Plain Tribe in Hills, 50,000 bawr. Hihi ST Plains tak tak nilo a nih. 2 districts (NC Hills le Karbi Anglong) ah.
Bodo Accord 2003 a khan NC Hills le Karbi Anglong a Bodo 50,000 bawr hai ta dingin ST (Hills Districts) status nawr ning a tih, tiin BLT helpawl thuoitu haiin sawrkar an lo ziekpui a. Chu chu an bawzui zing a. Kha hma met khawm khan NC Hills le Karbi Anglong a cheng Bodo 50,000 bawr hai sawrkarin ST Hills status a zieklut a tum a. Dodalzie inentirnan Hills Districts a students unions haiin bandh an lo ko tah.
Cachar a Hmar hai hi NC Hills le Karbi Anglong a Bodo 50,000 hai ngirhmun ang deu nei ei nih. Anachu eini chu ei umna hi Plains a ni a. ST (Plains District) ei demand naw chun Cachar a ST tak tak ni thei a ni nawh. Sawrkar chun Cachar a Hmar ST Hills status dingin a mi la recommend der nawh.
Assam TRI Ethnographic Study Report le 2015 Forwarding lekha kha WPT ah tuhin a um. Pu Vanlallien Pulamte kha a zu lut nuhnungtak ni mei a tih. NC Hills tlangmi chungthu hi HAD, Hills Areas Dept in a deal hlak a. Cachar a Hmar chungthu ruok hi chu WPT Dept in an deal zek hnungin sawrkar ah a lut chau hlak. TRI hi recommendatory organisation MoTA hnuoia mi a ni a chu, Ethnography chungthua Assam ah highest authority a nih. Ei ST status chungthua Assam sawrkarin TRI recommendation a hnawl ti chu ei la hriet nawh.
R. ST CERTIFICATE SEIPA
Tukuma ST certificate Lakhipur SDO in a issue kha "certificate" Field Officer pakhatin a lo issue ang a ni a. Kum 1982 a Assam Chief Secretary Pu Ramesh Chandra issued kha Assam sawrkar "order" a nih. Field Officer le Assam Chief Secretary thu insuo an kal chun, Assam Chief Secretary order insuo kha a prevail hlak. Assam a Plain districts popo a ST List chu 2002 khan an siemtha tah. Chu chu ST Order (Amendment) Act 2002 an tih. Chu order chu Assam sawrkarin hem danglam metin, 1.4.2003 khan Under Secretary, WPT and BC Dept, Govt Assam in notification insuo in phairama ST List a tardawk. Chu list a chun phairama cheng hnam sawmpali an thang. Cachar a Barman, Dimasa le Garo khawm ST Plains in an namdet a. Assam ST/SC Act 1978 le Rules 1983 le Notifications dungzuiin All Assam Tribal Sangha hin phairama ST certificate popo a lo issue hlak. Assam Tribal Sangha identified popo SDO/DC in an countersigned hlak a. Amiruokchu, kum 2018 khan Bodo organisation pakhat BJSM in AATS hai ST certificate issuing power chu Gauhati High Court ah a khing a. Hearing sawt tak an nei hnungin July 25, 2018 a inthawk khan Court chun AATS chu ST certificate issue thei ta lo dingin thu an suo khum. Chu zar chun nikum a inthawk khan SDO/DC hmingin direct in phairama ST certificate popo insuo a ni tah. Cachar a Hmar chu "Hill Tribe in Plains" ei la ni a. Chu status chu sirsanin Assam a "ST Hills quota" fa zing ei nih.
S. HMAR MIL SUBJECT MOVEMENT
HNU-Assam, HIBVR, Hmar Literature Society le Hmar MIL Monitoring Committee hai zarin Hmar MIL subject chu Assam sunga Class VIII, IX, X, XII le TDC a inchuk thei dingin Assam sawrkar chun phalna a mi pek tah. Inchuklai tamtakin ei sawr zing.
T. HPC-D MOVEMENT
Cachar a Hmar hai hi hnam movement popovah ei theina naah ei phakchin peiin ei lo thang ve hlak a. Nei popo thamral thaka hnam rawngbawl dinga inpe khawm an um. HPC-D hai popo hi Cachar a Hmar hai beidawngna sukzangkhaitu dinga ngir an nih.
Tun chu Assam Region le sawrkar kara inbiekna hin Cachar a Hmar hamthatna ding ST status le Assam a Hmar popo ADC hnuoia ei um theina khawl a hung fensa ngei beiseiin tlumte thlirin Cachar, Karimganj le Hailakandi Hmar popovin ei lo thlir zing.
Hieng lai zing hin, May 2019 khan Anti-talk faction HPC-D (President Group) President Pu Lalhmingthang Sanate chu Chiripool, Lakhipur ah man a nih.
U. THUKHARNA
Tuta BVHTDC hi Barak Valley, Assam a hnam sawmpali hai ta a ni a. A nawrdawktu khawm ei nih. Amiruokchu biel tak tak an hung siem pha chu eini neka tamlem ei unau Reang le hnam dang hai Chairman tlingna ding a la nih. Hmar chun member sawm ah pahni ei nei el thei. Vice Chairman chu ei inchu zeu zeu ring a um. Chuleiin Cachar ah Autonomous District Council (ADC) annawle Hmar Development Council (HDC) a hrana ei nawr a tul tah.
ADC annawle HDC ei hmu hma po chu mani senga intodel hi ei politics ni sien titu ei tam lem. Barak Valley hi Union Territory in an la hlangkai ding a nih. Chu huna chun Cachar, Hailakandi le Karimganj a Hmar hai hamthatna ding Autonomous District vawisuna inthawk ei lo dap tan a tul tah.
Lakhawmtu
~Dada le Jojo-Pa,
Hmarkhawlien, Cachar, Assam
August 21, 2019
