~ Dr. David Buhril
Babel rûnpui an bawl laia ṭawng tam tak a pieng zo kum sang tel hnungah ka leiah ka ṭawng kawp met loin Tamenglong-ah khawvel var ka hung hmu ve a. Ka puhai ṭawng, Rongmei ṭawng chu seilienpuiin ka hnam le ka ṭawng hre dêr loin ka lo intăl a. Thil um a nih. A thei bawk. An hril zurui sapṭawng hriet naw zat neka tlawm met, mak danglam deuin, Simte ṭawng ka hriet lem a. A ram mihaiin “Goongsoi” (Khongsai) hai an mi ti hlak. A san ding awm ka la hriet suok der nawa chuh “Goongsoi” ni kha chu ka lo nuom ngai naw khawp el. Ka aidentiti ni lo, indikna kawp met loa inko chu ka lo nuom naw ni ngei a tih.
1980s chawhnung tieng khan Tamenglongah Zohnathlak mi, sawrkar sinthaw an lo tam khawp el. Pawl khat ka’n chuk laia Tamenglong DC chu PC Lawmkunga a nih. Famtah Dr. Lalzakung, Dr. Fela, H.F.Nghaka, S.N.Ngurte, L.R. Fimate, T.Gougin, Ruolneisang Shakum, Mangtinlal hai le mi dang dang khawm Tamenglongah an lo posting hlak thu ka Pa’n a mi hril hlak. Zohnathlak ofisarhai chun Tamenglong district rorelna khawl an lo chel vawng hun a um thu a mi hril ngei. Hnam danghaiin an mi thlier hran thei naw angin, Zohnathlakhai hi pumkhat le lungkhatin luong inla chu Siemtu ditsakna dawngin hnam ropui hung ni ngei ei tih. Pu Rina (Lusei ṭawng hmang) hai sungkuo chun kan in an hung hluo a. KG ‘B’le pawl khat kan chuk sung khan an mi um chil a. Amaa inthawk ‘Vulmawi’, ‘Rose Par Rimtui’ le Zodi band hla hai ka lo ngai phak ve. Anni khan Lusei ṭawngin an mi lo biek hlak ngei ka ring. Pu Rina, Sangte pa tia kan ko hlak, chu Tuiṭhaphaia an transfer hnunga boral tah a nih.
Unau Thadohai hi Tamenglongah an lo tam hle hlak. Zohnathlakhai lai chu tam tak an tih. Tuchen hin Zohnathlak lai chu khaw hau tak la ni ngei an tih. Unau Vaiphei le Gangte hai khawmin Tamenglong le Churachandpur ramri zulah khuo iemani zat chu an la nei. Unau Thado hai ruok chu mi ram ei sawn kha an ram delin an lo del! Ka hriet phak ve. Pawl khat ka’n chuk lai ka pa’n ‘Chavang Kut’ hmanga a mi ṭhuoi chu ka hriet ve liet liet. Thado pa, Pu Khogen chu kan inah a lenglut ngun hle hlakin ka hriet bawk. Kuki-Naga buoi khan Pu Khogen khawm an that a ni thu a khawhnung daiah ka hriet ve chauh a nih.
Ka pa le an ruolchamhai lo ṭan, Zohnathlakhai inkhawmna biek in chite, Joint Fellowship Church an ti hlaka chun ka pa’n ami ṭhuoi zeu zeu hlak. Rongmei Naga ṭawng an hriet naw el khelah Pathien thua unau inkeikhawmna dinga an lo riruong chu a ni tak. A tam lem chu Tamenglong Baptist Church-ah kan inkhawm hlak. Joint Fellowship Church chu eimihai chawibiek dinga an pungkhawmna hmun a nih. Zohnathlak hnam tin kan kimna hlak a nih. Ieng ṭawngin am Pathien kan lo chawibiek hlak ti ruok chu tu chen hin ka hriet suok thei nawh. Mani ṭawng seng an hmang ka ring. Amiruokchu, Kuki-Naga buoi zo khan, mak danglam deuin, Zohnathlak ṭawng dang hmang po poin an mi ṭinsan a. Kha hnung khan ICI-in an pawl biek inin an hung nei pha thei ta a. Kha buoi zo khan Tamenglongah Zohnathlakhai lai Hmar hai chauh an him nia ngai a nih. Tamenglong chu tu chen hin tu khawmin, a ram mi ṭhang sain, an ram delah ram lekha, ‘patta’ ei ti hi, an nei thei nawh. Ei biek in hmun a himna san pakhat khawm a ramah tu khawmin lekha an siem thei naw lei hi niin ka hriet.
Kindergarten-a inthawk pawl thum chen ka lo inchukna, United Builders School-a (UBS) Mathematics zirtirtu khawm Hmarpa a ni a, Sir Thanga ti-a kan ko hlak a nih. Sir Thanga chu Gospel centenary (2010) ei lawm laia Bethel chimbuka a hung leng khan kan inhmu nawk chauh a nih. Vanchengphaia inthawka hung, an hmel hăng tlerel el, Tuiruong nga hung khaia, ziel khu luoi luoia hung pak hlak hai chu ka mi le sa hai an nih ti an mi hril hlak. Vanchengphai chu tu chen hin Thriek ṭawng hmang khuo an la nih. Pung thei mang loin tuchen hin Vanchengphai hi Barak (Tuiruong) kamah a la um. Chanchin mak tak tak inzawt ding an hau hle. Ka puhai (Rongmei) chun ziel hawp hi suol leh an kei mat tlat. Zu dawn lem chu ringtu leh an kei kawp thei hlawl nawh. Eini rawiin Naga hai chu ziel an theida a, zu ruok chu an pawm dam vawng anga ei hril hlak hi Naga hnam po po chunga ngaidan ding a ni nawh. Naga Baptist le Naga Catholic inkar hi an phel hmak a nih. Naga non-Christian le Christian inkar lem chu inphel hlawk a ni bawk.
Tamenglong public ground bul, ‘Spring Valley’ vengah chun kan khawsa a. Kan in chu ei mihai lĕng lutna tak a ni a, a hung lĕng ta phawtin an ṭawng sengin an mi lo biek leia buoi zuol khawm ni ngei ka tih. Babela pieng ngei ngei chu, leiah ṭawng pakhat chauh a kawp naw ding hrim chu a lo nih. Hnam, ṭawng le aidentiti’n hmel le rawl fel thlap a’nsuonaa pieng le seilien ka ni nawh ti chu ei pulpit thuhmahruoi chu a nih.
A zung man loa a lera inthawka ṭawng, aidentiti le hnam ka lo indap dan ka ngaituo changin, British-haiin ‘cuneiform script’, kum sangthum neka tam lo thi ta hnung, a lamrik le kawk inneitir nawka an keitho le chun iemani chenah inlaichinna lien tak nei niin kan hriet hlak. ‘Cuneiform’chu hawrawp hnai zawnga thu ziek um hmasa pawl tak a nih. Sumerians-haiin BC 3500-3000 laia Mesopotamiaa an lo ser suok a nih. Mesopotamia ei ti chu tu laia Iraq le Kuwait ei ti ramhai hi an nih. Cuneiform chu ziek/hawrawp (Script) hausa chungchuong niin, khawvel hmasawnna le changkangna lo chĕn hmasa ram le hnam, hieng Persians, Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Elamites, Hatti, Hittites, Assyrians, Hurrians le hnam dang tam takin an lo hmang hlak a nih.
Lalram ropui tak huom sunga hawrawp an hmang tak ni si, mi pakhat bêk khawm a tiem thei um ta loa a zuk bo el chu mak dangdai tak a nih. Pakhat bêk um hai sien chu Sodom le Gommora a boral naw ding ang bawkin ‘cuneiform’ hawrawp khawm bo lo ding a na. A khir leia bo am a ni? Mithiem le ngirhmun insang hluohai chauh tiem thei dinga an lo riruong karah mipuiin an hriet ta naw leia bo am a ni? Annawleh, inchûkna a hnufuol a, tiem thei le ziek thei an hung tlawm a, hrietna inthlasawng thei ta loa an um lei am a ni ding? Hawrawp awlsam, ṭawng hausa le lal ropui lemin a pawimawna a’nchu thlakpek lei am a ni ding? Assyrian, Babylonian le Sumerian hai lalram le ropuina a chuoi a, an ṭawng le hawrawpin hmun a chang zo ta naw lei am a ni ding? Annawleh, Greek-hai chun ziek hi Pathien kutsuok a nih an lo ti a, ‘cuneiform’ ziek siemtu pathien chu a thi ta am a ni ding? Zawna ka hau hle. Hnam ropui le ṭawng tam tak chawm hringtu hawrawp hausa ni siin kawrongna (vacuum) a siem el hi ṭawng, hnam, literature le aidentiti tukvera inthawk thlir a phu hle.
Amiruokchu, cuneiform ziek chu tienlai khawpui kawtthler le banga hai dam, lungdaw le bûr le bĕla hai chen hmu ding a lo tam si a. Khawpui lien le hmun pawimawa hai chu cuneiform script chun hmun det tak lo khuora, hawrawp (Script) pawimaw tak ni siin, a tiem thei le ziek thei um ta der lo chun Eurawpean-hai mak ti a suktling a. Ziek, hieng hieroglyphs, hieratic le demotic hai khawm an boral (extinct) ve tah. 1618 kum khan Spain ram palaiin (Ambassador) Persia khawpui hlui a fang ṭumin kulbang le hmun pawimaw po poa thuziek chu cuneifrom script hmangin an lo ziek a nizie a hang hmu a. Amiruokchu, thuziekhai kawk inneitir dinga tiem thei an um ta naw chu thilmak a ni ang bawkin, chu thilmak chun Eurawpea mithiem le mivarhai inhnikna le phŭrna a chawk tho a. Kum zahnih neka tam zen zawn Eurawpe mithiemhaiin ‘cuneiform’ chu kawk inneitir nawk tumin an buoipuia chu an hlawsam der a nih.
1830s lai khan British sipai ofisar Henry Rawlinson chu Persia lal sipaihai ‘Eurawpean style-a’ training pe dingin tir a nih. Rawlinson hi pa bengvar le hrietnaa dangcharna lien tak nei mi a ni nghe nghe. Hun thawveng a nei changin Persia khawpui le a kawl le vela ramhai chu a fang hlak a. Vawikhat chu a rawipa, Persia mi chun Zagros tlangah ṭhuoiin cuneiform ngawt hmanga thu inziekna rawl bang chu a’n hmutir a. BC 500 laia lal Darius I inziektir niin an hung hmusuok nawk pei a. Rawl banga thuziek chu cuneiform hawrawp hmanga ṭawng pathuma inziek a nih - Persian, Elamite le Babylonian. Tlang bula cheng hai chun rawl bangah thuziek um chu an hriet hlea chu a kawk hrie an um der nawh. Rawlinson chun cuneiform ziek hi a kawk (meaning) zawng suok nawka, a hlutna le a ropuina inbeltir nawk chu a thiltum a nih.
Persia le Arab hai del ram Middle East-a ziek/hawrawp (script) inlar êm ĕm chu kawk (meaning) le hlutna (values) pe kir nawk dingin Rawlinson chun hma a lâk ṭan ta a. Rawl bang insang tak le ṭium tak chu lawna thuziek po po kawpi (copy) dingin a ram mi tam tak a ruoi a. Rawl bang lawn thiem Kurdish tlangvalte chun mi dang inban kai thei nawna hmuna hai lawn kaiin ziekhai chu a hung kawpi zo thei a. Rawlinson chun hawrawp hai chu fumfe deuin a bi a; a hmasa ding le a hnungzui ding hai remkhawmna sin chu uluk deuin a thaw a. Sin hautak a nih. Rawlinson-in tulai (modern) Persian ṭawng a lo hriet chu nasa takin a sor ṭangkai a. Scientific methods chi hrang hrang ensinpui thei po po hmangin rawl banga hawrawphai chu a kawk le a hlutna pekir ngei dingin ṭhang a khaw a. Hawrawphai inrik dan le lam dan le an kawk ding hai chu ngun takin a zawng suok a. Sawt fe a buoipui hnungin kum 1847 khan Rawlinson chun a hawrawp rem khawm le rem fel chu Eurawpe tieng a thawn thei ta hrăm a. Cuneiform hawrawp chu tiem theiin a um nawk tah a nih.
Cuneiform hawrawp tiem theia um nawk le inruolin Persia le Arab rama kawtthlera kutziek hai, lekhabu le lungdaw tam taka thuziekhai chu ri le ṭawng nei khawpin an hung tho nawk a. Khawvel thar kawtpui hawng ang hlawlin; thu le hla, Assyrian lal hai thusuok, Babylon roreltuhai inselna, hmangai nunrawng thu le hla hai, thusep le zirtirbu chi hrang hrang le Sumerian bazaara sumdawnghai khek ri le an khawlaia fak le dawnna hmunhai rim le ri chen a hung thar suok nawk a. Cuneiform hawrawp chun Arab-hai ropui relna ram (Middle East) rausan le theinghila um tah chu hringna thar a pek a nih.
Cuneiform hawrawp chu ṭawng tam tak ta dingin ro an tling thar a. Histawri ropui tak hawrawpa lo inthup chun hnam tam tak ta dingin aidentiti a namdetpek sa bawk a nih. Histawri, hnam, ram le chuonghai hmakhuo (future) khawm ṭawng a dam naw chun mi dang, hnam dang le ṭawng dangin an rŭn bo thei zing a nih. Ṭawng a dam lei ringawta ram le hnam indin ropui ding lem chu ani kher chuong nawh. Ṭawng le hnam hin ni tinin bohmangna lampui an hraw ve zing a ni si a.
Ei ziek san le ei thupui sui tak a ni nawa chu, 7th le 6th century BC lai khan Assyrian le Babylonian hai ropui relna ram (empires) hai chu râl le rûntu lakah an tlawm ta a. Chu le inruolin ei Lalpa Isu Krista ṭawng lo hmang ni-a hriet Aramaic ṭawng chun hmun insang le ṭawng tlanglawn (common language) ngirhmun a hung hluo thar a. Aramaic ṭawng chun Phoenician alphabet (Alphabet – hawrawp indik tak le a ni dan ding ang taka indawt thlapa ziek) a hung hmang nawk a. Phoenician alphabet chu ziek awlsam le scientific deu a ni leiin cuneiform chu a hung hlăn (extinct) ni dinga ring a nih. Ṭawng le ziek suitu S. Hollar chun cuneiform ziek chu alphabetic a ni naw (non-alphabetic) lei le Greeks, Israelites, Phoenicians, le Mediterranean hnam chi hrang hrang haiin ziek dan awlsam lem le phuisui lem alphabet (alphabetic style) hung ching suoka an hung hmang uor leiin cuneiform chu a boral tah ni a ring (Hollar, 2011).
A thi a, a thonawk ta a. A scientific naw a, a alphabetic naw bawka chu a tho nawk thei san laia lien tak pakhat chu ziek uor nachang an lo hriet lei a nih. Chu nachang chuh hre naw hai sien, ‘cuneiform script’ chu a ropuina le a hausakna po po leh kei tho ding a um ta naw ding a nih. Ziek uor pei ding a lo nih. Ziek hi mihriem hmasawnna (civilization) inkhinaa mellung pawimaw tak laia mi a nih. Ram le hnam chu chengrang le thapui hratna le chi the hring rawn lei ringawta indin thei a lo ni si nawh. Assyrian, Babylonian le Sumerian hai chu an hnam rohlu ral ṭhakin lam an lo lawn pui a nih. A nau nene a peknaa a del hlum an ti ang thoin hnam rohlu khawm sukchereu thei a lo nih. An kuta hai hringna, thisen le nunrawngna a kawp rawn talaw ta bawk a, hnamro lem chu fûn lumin an awp keu naw ding hrim khawm ning a tih. ‘Scientific’ le ‘alphabetic’ tukver puo thlirnaa inthawk chun, nunrawng taka ram le hnam indin le ropui taka indin tumhai kong le lam chu a tlol tèi téi hlak. Ram hai, thilthawtheina hai le ropuina hai chu chatuonin mihriem ta a ni awm si naw a.
Ka ṭawng ka leia kawp ve ta ngei hi thi-a tho nawk ka ti naw a, piengtharna le chiengtharna angin ka ngai bawk nawh. Amiruokchu, inthlasawngna (evolution) kalbi ei hraw naa ziek, ṭawng le aidentiti sukdanglam peia sukchiengtu ni lemin ka hriet. Chu chu an hril ‘alphabetical’ ang deua scientific kalbi chu a nih. Mizoram sawrkar le inremnaa Hmar ṭawng hmang dan ding hawrawppuiin ei ziek kuou leia Hmar ṭawng kawi khat khawm a dam belsana ding a um nawh. A hmang ding haiin mani ṭawng a ni ang hrimin hmang le ziek uor bawk inla, dam lem a tih. Amiruokchu, mihriem hmasawnna (civilization) ei dang chat thei si naw ding a ni leiin, hnam, ṭawng le aidentitiin matheiloa inthlasawngnaa (evolution) danglamna an mi tuopek ding laka hin insingsat a ṭul. Ziek, tiem le ṭawng uor baka insingsat dan ding a um hri nawh. Thil thar le danglamna kengkaw thei ding khawpa lungril khang zau ṭûl bawk a tih. A zuitu ding chun matheiloin a hnung a hung zui tho awm si a. Kei khawm ka leiah ka ṭawng a kawp ve tah!
Babel rûnpui an bawl laia ṭawng tam tak a pieng zo kum sang tel hnungah ka leiah ka ṭawng kawp met loin Tamenglong-ah khawvel var ka hung hmu ve a. Ka puhai ṭawng, Rongmei ṭawng chu seilienpuiin ka hnam le ka ṭawng hre dêr loin ka lo intăl a. Thil um a nih. A thei bawk. An hril zurui sapṭawng hriet naw zat neka tlawm met, mak danglam deuin, Simte ṭawng ka hriet lem a. A ram mihaiin “Goongsoi” (Khongsai) hai an mi ti hlak. A san ding awm ka la hriet suok der nawa chuh “Goongsoi” ni kha chu ka lo nuom ngai naw khawp el. Ka aidentiti ni lo, indikna kawp met loa inko chu ka lo nuom naw ni ngei a tih.
1980s chawhnung tieng khan Tamenglongah Zohnathlak mi, sawrkar sinthaw an lo tam khawp el. Pawl khat ka’n chuk laia Tamenglong DC chu PC Lawmkunga a nih. Famtah Dr. Lalzakung, Dr. Fela, H.F.Nghaka, S.N.Ngurte, L.R. Fimate, T.Gougin, Ruolneisang Shakum, Mangtinlal hai le mi dang dang khawm Tamenglongah an lo posting hlak thu ka Pa’n a mi hril hlak. Zohnathlak ofisarhai chun Tamenglong district rorelna khawl an lo chel vawng hun a um thu a mi hril ngei. Hnam danghaiin an mi thlier hran thei naw angin, Zohnathlakhai hi pumkhat le lungkhatin luong inla chu Siemtu ditsakna dawngin hnam ropui hung ni ngei ei tih. Pu Rina (Lusei ṭawng hmang) hai sungkuo chun kan in an hung hluo a. KG ‘B’le pawl khat kan chuk sung khan an mi um chil a. Amaa inthawk ‘Vulmawi’, ‘Rose Par Rimtui’ le Zodi band hla hai ka lo ngai phak ve. Anni khan Lusei ṭawngin an mi lo biek hlak ngei ka ring. Pu Rina, Sangte pa tia kan ko hlak, chu Tuiṭhaphaia an transfer hnunga boral tah a nih.
Unau Thadohai hi Tamenglongah an lo tam hle hlak. Zohnathlakhai lai chu tam tak an tih. Tuchen hin Zohnathlak lai chu khaw hau tak la ni ngei an tih. Unau Vaiphei le Gangte hai khawmin Tamenglong le Churachandpur ramri zulah khuo iemani zat chu an la nei. Unau Thado hai ruok chu mi ram ei sawn kha an ram delin an lo del! Ka hriet phak ve. Pawl khat ka’n chuk lai ka pa’n ‘Chavang Kut’ hmanga a mi ṭhuoi chu ka hriet ve liet liet. Thado pa, Pu Khogen chu kan inah a lenglut ngun hle hlakin ka hriet bawk. Kuki-Naga buoi khan Pu Khogen khawm an that a ni thu a khawhnung daiah ka hriet ve chauh a nih.
Ka pa le an ruolchamhai lo ṭan, Zohnathlakhai inkhawmna biek in chite, Joint Fellowship Church an ti hlaka chun ka pa’n ami ṭhuoi zeu zeu hlak. Rongmei Naga ṭawng an hriet naw el khelah Pathien thua unau inkeikhawmna dinga an lo riruong chu a ni tak. A tam lem chu Tamenglong Baptist Church-ah kan inkhawm hlak. Joint Fellowship Church chu eimihai chawibiek dinga an pungkhawmna hmun a nih. Zohnathlak hnam tin kan kimna hlak a nih. Ieng ṭawngin am Pathien kan lo chawibiek hlak ti ruok chu tu chen hin ka hriet suok thei nawh. Mani ṭawng seng an hmang ka ring. Amiruokchu, Kuki-Naga buoi zo khan, mak danglam deuin, Zohnathlak ṭawng dang hmang po poin an mi ṭinsan a. Kha hnung khan ICI-in an pawl biek inin an hung nei pha thei ta a. Kha buoi zo khan Tamenglongah Zohnathlakhai lai Hmar hai chauh an him nia ngai a nih. Tamenglong chu tu chen hin tu khawmin, a ram mi ṭhang sain, an ram delah ram lekha, ‘patta’ ei ti hi, an nei thei nawh. Ei biek in hmun a himna san pakhat khawm a ramah tu khawmin lekha an siem thei naw lei hi niin ka hriet.
Kindergarten-a inthawk pawl thum chen ka lo inchukna, United Builders School-a (UBS) Mathematics zirtirtu khawm Hmarpa a ni a, Sir Thanga ti-a kan ko hlak a nih. Sir Thanga chu Gospel centenary (2010) ei lawm laia Bethel chimbuka a hung leng khan kan inhmu nawk chauh a nih. Vanchengphaia inthawka hung, an hmel hăng tlerel el, Tuiruong nga hung khaia, ziel khu luoi luoia hung pak hlak hai chu ka mi le sa hai an nih ti an mi hril hlak. Vanchengphai chu tu chen hin Thriek ṭawng hmang khuo an la nih. Pung thei mang loin tuchen hin Vanchengphai hi Barak (Tuiruong) kamah a la um. Chanchin mak tak tak inzawt ding an hau hle. Ka puhai (Rongmei) chun ziel hawp hi suol leh an kei mat tlat. Zu dawn lem chu ringtu leh an kei kawp thei hlawl nawh. Eini rawiin Naga hai chu ziel an theida a, zu ruok chu an pawm dam vawng anga ei hril hlak hi Naga hnam po po chunga ngaidan ding a ni nawh. Naga Baptist le Naga Catholic inkar hi an phel hmak a nih. Naga non-Christian le Christian inkar lem chu inphel hlawk a ni bawk.
Tamenglong public ground bul, ‘Spring Valley’ vengah chun kan khawsa a. Kan in chu ei mihai lĕng lutna tak a ni a, a hung lĕng ta phawtin an ṭawng sengin an mi lo biek leia buoi zuol khawm ni ngei ka tih. Babela pieng ngei ngei chu, leiah ṭawng pakhat chauh a kawp naw ding hrim chu a lo nih. Hnam, ṭawng le aidentiti’n hmel le rawl fel thlap a’nsuonaa pieng le seilien ka ni nawh ti chu ei pulpit thuhmahruoi chu a nih.
A zung man loa a lera inthawka ṭawng, aidentiti le hnam ka lo indap dan ka ngaituo changin, British-haiin ‘cuneiform script’, kum sangthum neka tam lo thi ta hnung, a lamrik le kawk inneitir nawka an keitho le chun iemani chenah inlaichinna lien tak nei niin kan hriet hlak. ‘Cuneiform’chu hawrawp hnai zawnga thu ziek um hmasa pawl tak a nih. Sumerians-haiin BC 3500-3000 laia Mesopotamiaa an lo ser suok a nih. Mesopotamia ei ti chu tu laia Iraq le Kuwait ei ti ramhai hi an nih. Cuneiform chu ziek/hawrawp (Script) hausa chungchuong niin, khawvel hmasawnna le changkangna lo chĕn hmasa ram le hnam, hieng Persians, Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Elamites, Hatti, Hittites, Assyrians, Hurrians le hnam dang tam takin an lo hmang hlak a nih.
Lalram ropui tak huom sunga hawrawp an hmang tak ni si, mi pakhat bêk khawm a tiem thei um ta loa a zuk bo el chu mak dangdai tak a nih. Pakhat bêk um hai sien chu Sodom le Gommora a boral naw ding ang bawkin ‘cuneiform’ hawrawp khawm bo lo ding a na. A khir leia bo am a ni? Mithiem le ngirhmun insang hluohai chauh tiem thei dinga an lo riruong karah mipuiin an hriet ta naw leia bo am a ni? Annawleh, inchûkna a hnufuol a, tiem thei le ziek thei an hung tlawm a, hrietna inthlasawng thei ta loa an um lei am a ni ding? Hawrawp awlsam, ṭawng hausa le lal ropui lemin a pawimawna a’nchu thlakpek lei am a ni ding? Assyrian, Babylonian le Sumerian hai lalram le ropuina a chuoi a, an ṭawng le hawrawpin hmun a chang zo ta naw lei am a ni ding? Annawleh, Greek-hai chun ziek hi Pathien kutsuok a nih an lo ti a, ‘cuneiform’ ziek siemtu pathien chu a thi ta am a ni ding? Zawna ka hau hle. Hnam ropui le ṭawng tam tak chawm hringtu hawrawp hausa ni siin kawrongna (vacuum) a siem el hi ṭawng, hnam, literature le aidentiti tukvera inthawk thlir a phu hle.
Amiruokchu, cuneiform ziek chu tienlai khawpui kawtthler le banga hai dam, lungdaw le bûr le bĕla hai chen hmu ding a lo tam si a. Khawpui lien le hmun pawimawa hai chu cuneiform script chun hmun det tak lo khuora, hawrawp (Script) pawimaw tak ni siin, a tiem thei le ziek thei um ta der lo chun Eurawpean-hai mak ti a suktling a. Ziek, hieng hieroglyphs, hieratic le demotic hai khawm an boral (extinct) ve tah. 1618 kum khan Spain ram palaiin (Ambassador) Persia khawpui hlui a fang ṭumin kulbang le hmun pawimaw po poa thuziek chu cuneifrom script hmangin an lo ziek a nizie a hang hmu a. Amiruokchu, thuziekhai kawk inneitir dinga tiem thei an um ta naw chu thilmak a ni ang bawkin, chu thilmak chun Eurawpea mithiem le mivarhai inhnikna le phŭrna a chawk tho a. Kum zahnih neka tam zen zawn Eurawpe mithiemhaiin ‘cuneiform’ chu kawk inneitir nawk tumin an buoipuia chu an hlawsam der a nih.
1830s lai khan British sipai ofisar Henry Rawlinson chu Persia lal sipaihai ‘Eurawpean style-a’ training pe dingin tir a nih. Rawlinson hi pa bengvar le hrietnaa dangcharna lien tak nei mi a ni nghe nghe. Hun thawveng a nei changin Persia khawpui le a kawl le vela ramhai chu a fang hlak a. Vawikhat chu a rawipa, Persia mi chun Zagros tlangah ṭhuoiin cuneiform ngawt hmanga thu inziekna rawl bang chu a’n hmutir a. BC 500 laia lal Darius I inziektir niin an hung hmusuok nawk pei a. Rawl banga thuziek chu cuneiform hawrawp hmanga ṭawng pathuma inziek a nih - Persian, Elamite le Babylonian. Tlang bula cheng hai chun rawl bangah thuziek um chu an hriet hlea chu a kawk hrie an um der nawh. Rawlinson chun cuneiform ziek hi a kawk (meaning) zawng suok nawka, a hlutna le a ropuina inbeltir nawk chu a thiltum a nih.
Persia le Arab hai del ram Middle East-a ziek/hawrawp (script) inlar êm ĕm chu kawk (meaning) le hlutna (values) pe kir nawk dingin Rawlinson chun hma a lâk ṭan ta a. Rawl bang insang tak le ṭium tak chu lawna thuziek po po kawpi (copy) dingin a ram mi tam tak a ruoi a. Rawl bang lawn thiem Kurdish tlangvalte chun mi dang inban kai thei nawna hmuna hai lawn kaiin ziekhai chu a hung kawpi zo thei a. Rawlinson chun hawrawp hai chu fumfe deuin a bi a; a hmasa ding le a hnungzui ding hai remkhawmna sin chu uluk deuin a thaw a. Sin hautak a nih. Rawlinson-in tulai (modern) Persian ṭawng a lo hriet chu nasa takin a sor ṭangkai a. Scientific methods chi hrang hrang ensinpui thei po po hmangin rawl banga hawrawphai chu a kawk le a hlutna pekir ngei dingin ṭhang a khaw a. Hawrawphai inrik dan le lam dan le an kawk ding hai chu ngun takin a zawng suok a. Sawt fe a buoipui hnungin kum 1847 khan Rawlinson chun a hawrawp rem khawm le rem fel chu Eurawpe tieng a thawn thei ta hrăm a. Cuneiform hawrawp chu tiem theiin a um nawk tah a nih.
Cuneiform hawrawp tiem theia um nawk le inruolin Persia le Arab rama kawtthlera kutziek hai, lekhabu le lungdaw tam taka thuziekhai chu ri le ṭawng nei khawpin an hung tho nawk a. Khawvel thar kawtpui hawng ang hlawlin; thu le hla, Assyrian lal hai thusuok, Babylon roreltuhai inselna, hmangai nunrawng thu le hla hai, thusep le zirtirbu chi hrang hrang le Sumerian bazaara sumdawnghai khek ri le an khawlaia fak le dawnna hmunhai rim le ri chen a hung thar suok nawk a. Cuneiform hawrawp chun Arab-hai ropui relna ram (Middle East) rausan le theinghila um tah chu hringna thar a pek a nih.
Cuneiform hawrawp chu ṭawng tam tak ta dingin ro an tling thar a. Histawri ropui tak hawrawpa lo inthup chun hnam tam tak ta dingin aidentiti a namdetpek sa bawk a nih. Histawri, hnam, ram le chuonghai hmakhuo (future) khawm ṭawng a dam naw chun mi dang, hnam dang le ṭawng dangin an rŭn bo thei zing a nih. Ṭawng a dam lei ringawta ram le hnam indin ropui ding lem chu ani kher chuong nawh. Ṭawng le hnam hin ni tinin bohmangna lampui an hraw ve zing a ni si a.
Ei ziek san le ei thupui sui tak a ni nawa chu, 7th le 6th century BC lai khan Assyrian le Babylonian hai ropui relna ram (empires) hai chu râl le rûntu lakah an tlawm ta a. Chu le inruolin ei Lalpa Isu Krista ṭawng lo hmang ni-a hriet Aramaic ṭawng chun hmun insang le ṭawng tlanglawn (common language) ngirhmun a hung hluo thar a. Aramaic ṭawng chun Phoenician alphabet (Alphabet – hawrawp indik tak le a ni dan ding ang taka indawt thlapa ziek) a hung hmang nawk a. Phoenician alphabet chu ziek awlsam le scientific deu a ni leiin cuneiform chu a hung hlăn (extinct) ni dinga ring a nih. Ṭawng le ziek suitu S. Hollar chun cuneiform ziek chu alphabetic a ni naw (non-alphabetic) lei le Greeks, Israelites, Phoenicians, le Mediterranean hnam chi hrang hrang haiin ziek dan awlsam lem le phuisui lem alphabet (alphabetic style) hung ching suoka an hung hmang uor leiin cuneiform chu a boral tah ni a ring (Hollar, 2011).
A thi a, a thonawk ta a. A scientific naw a, a alphabetic naw bawka chu a tho nawk thei san laia lien tak pakhat chu ziek uor nachang an lo hriet lei a nih. Chu nachang chuh hre naw hai sien, ‘cuneiform script’ chu a ropuina le a hausakna po po leh kei tho ding a um ta naw ding a nih. Ziek uor pei ding a lo nih. Ziek hi mihriem hmasawnna (civilization) inkhinaa mellung pawimaw tak laia mi a nih. Ram le hnam chu chengrang le thapui hratna le chi the hring rawn lei ringawta indin thei a lo ni si nawh. Assyrian, Babylonian le Sumerian hai chu an hnam rohlu ral ṭhakin lam an lo lawn pui a nih. A nau nene a peknaa a del hlum an ti ang thoin hnam rohlu khawm sukchereu thei a lo nih. An kuta hai hringna, thisen le nunrawngna a kawp rawn talaw ta bawk a, hnamro lem chu fûn lumin an awp keu naw ding hrim khawm ning a tih. ‘Scientific’ le ‘alphabetic’ tukver puo thlirnaa inthawk chun, nunrawng taka ram le hnam indin le ropui taka indin tumhai kong le lam chu a tlol tèi téi hlak. Ram hai, thilthawtheina hai le ropuina hai chu chatuonin mihriem ta a ni awm si naw a.
Ka ṭawng ka leia kawp ve ta ngei hi thi-a tho nawk ka ti naw a, piengtharna le chiengtharna angin ka ngai bawk nawh. Amiruokchu, inthlasawngna (evolution) kalbi ei hraw naa ziek, ṭawng le aidentiti sukdanglam peia sukchiengtu ni lemin ka hriet. Chu chu an hril ‘alphabetical’ ang deua scientific kalbi chu a nih. Mizoram sawrkar le inremnaa Hmar ṭawng hmang dan ding hawrawppuiin ei ziek kuou leia Hmar ṭawng kawi khat khawm a dam belsana ding a um nawh. A hmang ding haiin mani ṭawng a ni ang hrimin hmang le ziek uor bawk inla, dam lem a tih. Amiruokchu, mihriem hmasawnna (civilization) ei dang chat thei si naw ding a ni leiin, hnam, ṭawng le aidentitiin matheiloa inthlasawngnaa (evolution) danglamna an mi tuopek ding laka hin insingsat a ṭul. Ziek, tiem le ṭawng uor baka insingsat dan ding a um hri nawh. Thil thar le danglamna kengkaw thei ding khawpa lungril khang zau ṭûl bawk a tih. A zuitu ding chun matheiloin a hnung a hung zui tho awm si a. Kei khawm ka leiah ka ṭawng a kawp ve tah!
