~ Dr Lal Dena
The aim of education should be to teach us rather how to think, than what to think. – James Beattie.
Thuhma: Yuval Noah Harari, internationally renowned historian le professor, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, chun a lekhabu “21 Lessions of the 21 Century” ah chun thiemna (education)-in hun inthlak thleng peia chona a hmasuon theina ding 4 Cs: critical thinking, communication, collaboration le creativity-hai besana inchȗktirna pêk a ţȗl thu a lo hril a. Amiruokchu, hieng C-4 hai hi iem an nia, ieng am an pawimawna? ti iengkhawm a hrilsap nawh. Keia tukvera inthawkin ei ram ngirhmun enin a tawi thei angin C -4 hai pawimawna hung târlang ka tum a nih. Ei zîrtîrtuhai le ei student-hai chona thar a pêk beiseiin.
Ei hriet angin R pathum hi Sap ţawng thumal pathum reading (tiem), wRiting (ziek) le aRithmetic (sierkawp)-a inthawka lâk khâwma R pathum tina a nih a. R pathumhai chu tiem, ziek le sierkawp inchȗk ţanna bulţhut an nih. An pawimaw em em. Tulaia inchȗktuhai chu English medium sikula kaiin tiem, ziek le sierkawp an thawkawp nghâl hlak. Khawvêl thiemna a hung insâng peia, lekhabu (text book)-hai khawm scientific takin kum le pâwl inhmein an hung siem pei ta bawk. Tulaia inchȗktuhai chu an vângnei êm êm.
Ei hriet seng angin vawisȗna ei khawvêl hi digital khawvêl a nih tah a. Covid -19 hrilêng leiin nikum le tukum lem chu ei naupanghai sikul an kai ţha hman meuh nawh. Sienkhawm khawvêl thiemna le technology ân sâng pei ruolin internet, smart phone, television, video, video conference, facebook, whatsapp le google-hai hmang ţangkai dân a hung um pei a. Inkhârkhip sȗnga ei sâm râwn pâwl tak khawm online class a nih. Hi online class hi ieng chenin am ei hmang ţangkaipui, ieng chenin am ei hlâwkpui ti hai chu hun danga hriltlâng dingin la sie lem ei tih.
R pathuma inthawka C–4-ah inchâwm kai ding ei ni tah a. Prof Y.N.Harari-in C pali a tihai chu - critical thinking, communication, collaboration le creativity-hai hi an nih. Ieng am an nia, ieng am an inmatna? Inchȗk lai haiin iengtin am ei hmang ţangkai thei ding?
1.Critical thinking: Critical thinking hi India sawrkârin New Education Policy, 2020 a puong khan a ngaipawimaw hlea, a umzie pe si lovin vawi riet lai a sâm. Critical thinking chu iem a nih a? Iengtin am ei nei thei ding? Critical thinking chu thu le hla akhelneng akhawlnawnga bȗktawn thiemna lungril le lepse thiemna a nih. Critical thinking thiltum chu a tȗl huna inchȗktu a hrietna huoisen taka inhmangtir a nih. Greek mivar Socrate inchȗktirna chu critical thinking bulţhuta ngai a nih. Chuong ang inchȗktirna chun inchȗktu chu zâwna indawn ding le ngaituo dingin a mawr hlak. Critical thinking ziehai chu hienghai hi an nih: lungril inhawngna, thilthar hriet châk nuomna, objectivity, analytical reasoning, thil ţhatna le hlutna hriet theina, âwn bîk nei zuk hriet thei nghâlna, zâwna khirkhân indawn nuomna, thil um pângngai sukdanglam nuomna, intellectual courage (mani hrietna huoisen taka chel ngamna) le intellectual humility (mani hrietna ân dik naw chu pawm ngam dinga tlâwmna nei), siemţhatna (reformation) le khawtlâng inthlâkthlengna dinga pawimaw ţan ngama, ân dik naw chu huoisen taka hnâwl ngamnahai hi an nih. Entirna dingin Albert Einstein, Henry Ford, Marie Curie, Sigmund Freud, etc, hai hi critical thinkers an nih. An hun laia thilumhai kha an ni ang angin pawm an tum nawha, sukdanglam le siemţhat an tum tlat hlak.
A hmasa takin zîrtîrtu chun inchȗktu chu iem a ngaituo ding (what to think) ni lovin, iengtin am thil a ngaituo ding?(how to think), ti ân chȗktir hmasa ding a nih. Zâwna siem khawmin yes le no ringawta dawn lo ding, ţawngkam tawite bêka dawn dinga siem ding a nih. Chuong zâwnna dawnna chu inchȗktu chun hriet tuma zawngsuok tumna lungril ân neitir ding a nih. Entirna, iengleia vatehai boruoka sâwt tak tak an vuong thei am? Ârhai khawma thla an nei thova chu boruoka an vuong sâwt thei si nawh. A san inthȗk lem a um a nih. Chu chu inchȗktuin a ngaituo suok ding a nih. Zâwna hrim hrim chun inchȗktu lungrila thil inthȗk lem sui thei dingin mawrna (motivation) a pêk ding a nih. Inchȗktuin a dawnna chu fiena (proof) a pêk tum ding a nih. Thiemna thiltum laia pakhat chu inchȗktuhaiin thilthar inchȗk/zawngsuok thei dinga an lungril buotsai a nih. Ieng thu le thil khawm nisien – iem a ni a? Iengleia chuong kher khera tlung or ziek am a ni a? Chuong ang naw chun kawng danga ziek dân/thaw dân a um naw mani? tia indawn (question) chet chet a pawimaw. Inchȗktuin ei zâwna a dawn a, chu zova hienghin ei indawn lêt thei: I dawnna chu hung belsa met thei i ti? I thil hril chu kawng dangin hril thei i ti? I dawnna chu hrilfiena (illustration) pe thei i ti? I dawnna chu example pe thei i ti? A neka kimchang lemin hrilfie thei i ti? Hieng indawn lêtnahai hin hriltlângna inthȗk lem ân tlun thei a; inchȗktu lungril nasa takin a chawktho thei bawk.
Critical thinking chun hrietna sukpung ringawt ni lo, mania inchȗk suok theina (independent self-learning) phursuok, thiltlung hrim hrim scientific taka thlîr theina lungril (scientific temper) nei, thil hrim hrim âwn bîk nei lova thlîr thiem, mani tlin nawna khawm hre thei khawpa mani inennawn (self-examinination) nei rawp, ngairuotna le suongtuona ringawta innghat lo, chîk taka thil ngaithlatu (active listener), zâwna indawn rawpa ringvâng thu ringawta innghat lova, thudik zawngsuokna hi a nih. Hril ding tam sienkhawm, hun phawt sien.
2.Communication: Communication chu ţawngbau an naw leh hmangruo hmanga mi dang le inbiekpawna a nih. Zîrtîrtu le inchȗktu kârah, inchȗktu le inchȗktu kârah, zîrtîrtu le zîrtîrtu kârah, zîrtîrtu le nu le pahai kârah, zîrtîrtu le sikul rorêltu (administrator) kârah hai inbiekpawna ţha nei hi mâkmaw a nih. Khawvêl themthiemna a hung insâng tah a, ţawngbau chauh ni lo, inbiekpawna hmangruo internet, email, classroom websites, google classroom, smart classroom, smart phone, facebook, whatsapp le social media hran hran ei nei tah. Hieng hmangruo (technological tools) hmang ţangkai dingin ei inbuotsai tâwk am? Internet khawvêla chu ieng library khawm ei zuk sir zung zung thei tah. Ei textbook bâka information ei dit dit ei google thei zung zung tah bawk. Nakie chu ei inchȗkna le hringnun hi hrietna siemfawm (artificial intelligence)-in a la thunun ding a nih. Artificial intelligence chu iem a ni a, iem a pawimawna? ti chu thusep hranin la ziek tum ei tih.
Donald Owsley chun communication ţangkai taka hmang thei dan hieng hin a lo ziek: I ţawng suok hmâ’n inngaituona huntâwk nei hmasa rawh; ţawng suok dingin inhmaw naw la, ngaithlâk ţuonrang tum rawh; ngaithlatu ţhangpui dingin ţawng rawh; tlang takin pehêl nei lovin thu hril rawh; a hun indik taka thumal indik hmang tum rawh; a ţȗl huna chun nghet takin ngîr rawh; indawnnahai hrim hrim hmang ţangkai tum hlak rawh; thu pawimawhai hrim hrim chu ziek dap rawh; hohlimna sukhmasâwn thei, bawtanna chu pawi ti naw rawh; hohlim lai thu hrilfie lovin mâksan ngai naw rawh; harsatna a um chun inbiekpawna siemţhatna dingin mi dang ţhangpuina hni rin naw rawh; thil hriluor taluo (over-generalise) ngai naw rawh. Hienghai hi mimal le mi dang kâra inhrietthiem nawna le buoina suktlâwm theina le inbiekpawna siemţhat dân ţhenkhathai chu an nih.
3.Collaboration: Thu le hlaa mi dang, hmangruo, institution le thaw hmunkhat ti a kâwk. Chuleiin inchȗktu chun mi dang le inthlawp thiem dan (collaboration skill) a nei a ţȗl. Collaboration skill chun mi dang hai le tumtâr (target or goal) hlawtling taka thaw hmunkhat thei dân ân umtir a. Fie taka inbiekpawna, mi dang hai ngunthlȗk taka ngaithlâk theina, suksuol khawma mawphurna la ngam le mani sinthawpui (inchȗkpui)-hai ngaidânhai inzapêk theina a huom sa bawk. Collaboration skill pawimaw hai chu hienghai hi an nih: inthlawp (inthuruolna) lungril, inzatawn, pâwla sinthaw tlang lungril nei (team spirit), mimal thawsuok le pâwlpuia thawsuokhai tephme (balance) thiem.
Sapzek hrim hrim hriltlângna le hohlim tlângnaa inthawkin ngaidân ţha lem a suok hlak. Hriet dân tum tum, thiem dân tum tum hang changkhâwm hin mihriem inzawmna chauh ni lovin, inchȗkna le thiemna a sukpung hlak. Tawnhriet le thlîr dân tum tum hmu theiin a um a. Chu chun inchȗktuhai a sukthafân chauh ni lovin, an hrietnahai a suklien hlak. Inchȗktu iemani zât thaw hmunkhata ţhung khâwm hai chun ngaidân dang dang feedback le tawnhriet thar an nei naw thei nawh. Mî’n iem an hril ngaithla hmasaa, chu zova ngaidan hril ve, mi ngaithlaa mi ngaithlâka um ve ding. Makhâta dîn taka lekha tiem hun a um a, chuong lai zing chun a pâwla group discussion/interaction nei hun khawm a um bawk a; chu hai chu inchȗktuhaiin ei hmang thiem chun, hlâwkna nasa tak ei hmuh hlak. Mihriem hi a pâwla um hlak (social being) ei nih a, mi tu khawm thlierkâr ei nih nawh (none of us are an island). Hi le inzawm hin J.Ibeh Agbaniym chun hieng hin a lo ziek: ”Individuals are able to achieve higher levels of learning and retain more information when they work in a group rather than individually, this applies to both the facilitators of knowledge, the instructors and the receivers of knowledge, the students.”
4.Creativity (remhrietna/themthiemna): Education thiltum laia pawimaw pâwl tak chu thil um ta sa amani le la um loa inthawk thil thar siemsuok theina remhrietna/thiemna inchȗk dawk a nih. Bill Gates-in computer a siemdawk a, Zuckerberg-in facebook a siemdawk bawka, lâwm an um khawp el. Peter Thiel chun “annihai hi in kawpi ringawt chun, thil iengkhawm in inchȗk sap dêr nawh tina a nih,”a lo tih. Mi mobile siemsa le internet-peck minit tinin ei hmetin ei hmang a, ei hmet zâtin pawisa ei sêng. Mak ka ti êm êm pakhat chu kum 800 liem taa ei pi le puhaiin rampui vâta, rawa, bu chîng an lo thaw hlak chu vawisȗn chen khawma bân tum lova, ei la sunzawm ngat ngat hi a nih. Thil thar, chîng dân thar hi hmusuok ei tum dêr naw nisien a hawih. Eini lai hin Newton le Einstein-hai khawm an um naw bîk a nih nawh. Ei nuhmeihai lem chu talent nei ţha, puonzieah kawkpuizikziel, George-a bang, vânkawtthlêr, etc, ziehai le a thar khawm ker thei ngat an ni tâwl. Talent ei tlasam nawh.
Mizorama Pu Sailopianga chun Aizawl khawpuiah factory ân dina, khawvêlin an la siemsuok ngai dêr lo - kuva khena a siemsuok chu tie! A va ropui de! Tȗk khat ka morning walk-in chu kuva hâwng khena khâwl ka hei hmuh chu, mak ka tih. Hi naw khawm Pu H.V.Lalzuimawia, Salem Vêng, Aizawl chun Portable Multi-Utility Machine - hlo le ţhȗl thlo theina, hnuoi cho theina bawk khâwlthar a siemsuok ve. Anni pahni hin India sawrkâra inthawk khawmin patent certificate an nei ve ve tah. Hienghai hin Mizopa thluok khawm a lo kawmti ve naw zie an sukchieng.
Lekha ei inchȗk hin ngaituona (critical thinking) hmangin thilthar, ngaidân thar, thil tharlâm siemsuok le ngaituo suokna a mi’n neirtir ding a nih. A pângngai ngat ngat tiem le inchȗk el lova, ei tiem le ei inchȗka inthawkin thil hmusuok thar ei nei am ti inennawn hlak ding a nih. Vaki (parrot) ei ni nawh. Lekhabu i tiem chun, ieng hmangruo (sources) hmangin am an ziek? An hmangruo (sources) chu inghatna tlâk an ni? Chu nêka ţha lema ziek thei dân a um am? tihai mani le mani indawn (self-questioning) thaw hlak ding a nih. Thilthar hmusuok le siemsuok hai hrim hrim hi suongtuonaa (idea) inţan vawng an nih. Miin thilthar hriet châkna lungril neia lekha an chȗk chun, damsȗngin thilthar hriet châkna lungril a pai zing thei. Zîrtîrtu khawma inchȗklaihai lungrila thilbul inchȗk theina lungril (original thinking) an nei thei dân ngaituoa inchȗktir a pawimaw tak zet. Hi kawngah hin zîrtîrtu le inchȗktu mawphurna a danglam nawh.
Thu khârna: C thumal palihai khi nuom hmatawka lâkkhâwm el an ni nawh. Thusep hran seng ziek thei a ni lai zingin, a thu kulmȗt zuol (basic concept) chauh ei hung târlang a nih. Dîlsȗt taka ei suih chet chet chun thumal palihai khi inkamki vawng an nih. Chîk taka thil ngaituo ding chun mi dang le interaction nei râwn a ţȗl a, interaction nei râwn ding chun mi dang le hmangruo dang dang (modern technological tools) le inkeimat (collaborate) râwn a ţȗl nâwk a. Hieng anga thaw hin inchȗktirna le inchȗknaa thaw dân kalhmang ţha lem (better paradigm of teaching and learning) ân tlungtir hlak. Lekha ei tiem le ei inchȗk hin thilthar mi la thaw ngai lo, iemani bêk thawsuok le hrietsuok tumin hma la thar ei tiu.
