~ Dr. Immanuel Tuolor, MD, Indian Railway Health Services (IRHS)
Maligaon, Guwahati
Coronavirus disease - 2019 (CO-Corona, VI-virus, D-Disease, 19-2019 natnâ inṭan kum) WHO-in “Global Health Emergency” tiin a lo puong ta â. Hî natna hrik hi SARS-CoV-2 tiâ ko a nih. Hmû suok thar a ni lei hin Novel Coronavirus khawm an ti bawk hlak. Coronavirus family-â mî pakhat vê a nih. Coronavirus hi chi dang tam tak an la um vea. Chuong hai laia chun chi sari (7) hin mihriema natna â’n umtir thei a nih. Mihriem a natna indar suok thut (outbreak) coronavirus leia lo um ta hai chu SARS (2002-2003) civet cat-a (ramsa chi khat) a inthawka inkâi sâwng a nih. Chun MERS (2012-2015) Sanghawngsei-a (camel) inthawka inkai sawng a ni bawk. COVID-19 khawm hi rannunga inthawkâ mutation (virus inthlâk danglam) leiâ mihriema hung kâi sâwng ni dinga ring a nih. Ieng rannung tak am a ni ruok chu hriet chieng a ni nawh. COVID-19 hi virus natna a ni ti chu a hminga inthawk khawmâ ei hriet thei. Virus hai hi anni khâtin an insukpung thei nawh. An pungna ding chun hringna nei (host cell) an pawimaw a nih. Hi lei tak hin coronavirus khawm hi ei in veng ṭha phawt a ni chun â’n dar zau pei hi ei suktâwp thei a nih.
Health Advisories WHO/CDC/MoHFW le Local Health Authority haia inthawk tam tak an lo insuo tah a. Mipui ei him theina ding chun hieng hai hi zui ṭûl a tih. Ei zui theina ding chun resource nei a ṭûl. Rambung changkâng hai angin resources ei nei ṭha si nawh. Hmangruo tlâwmna (Resource limited) hmuna ieng tin am invêng thei ei ta, ti chu ei hung suklang nuom tak ni sien. Medical Science hi Evidence Based Practice (a en fiena ṭha tak neia thil thaw) a ni hlak leiin a damdawi tak ding le a vaccine ding market chena a hung theina ding chun clinical trials tam tak hung pal tlang a ngâi hlak a nih. Chu khela face mask le hand rub hai khawm hi a ṭûl zat hmu ding a um ta naw a nih. Chun Health Care facilities/doctor population ratio hai hang en chun hi natna hi invênga dam taka um hi chu thil ṭha tak ni dingin a inlang a nih.
COVID-19 natna a’n thawk a invengna ṭha tak chu a virus a inthawk a insie kieng hi a nih. COVID-19 hi inkai sâwng awlsam tak a ni lai zingin inveng thei a nih ti chu ei hriet senga. Eini laia ei hmang thei ding awm hai chu
1. Face Mask (Hmûr tuomna):
Khawvelin tu laia a buoipui tak chu face mask (Hmûr tuomna) le hand sanitizer (kut sukthiengna) hai hi a nih. Face mask ei ti hin Surgical mask a kawk tak a. Surgical Mask hi Surgeon haiin an bun hlak hi a nih. A tlângpuiin layers (thuo) pathuma um hlak a, chuong hai chu - (a) First layer hi Water resistant a nih. Chu chu Thisen/taksatuihnang (body fluid) inthawkâ a buntu invengna ding a nih. (b) Middle layer hi Filter layer a nih (2.5 micron chen a filter thei) (c) A pathumna hi Absorbance layer a buntu chil amani a thlan am a ni a fawp kîngtu a nih. A buntuin â’n thuok lût le â’n thuok suok hin hi layer hai fe tlengin kherin an inthuok ngâi nawh. A sîr vela inthawkin thli (air) hi lûtin an in thuok lem hlak a nih. A buntu hâiin vengna ding ni loin a buntu haiin an kawl vêla um hai natna an inkâi thei nawna dinga bun hlak a nih. Surgical mask cheng 2 man kha tu hin Chêng100 khawma inchawk ding ei hmu zo ta naw a nih. A buntu hai a veng si naw chun iem a tangkaina ei ti el thei. A tangkaina tak chu a buntu hai an tawng chângin amani an inkhul chângin droplet â’n dar thei naw a, mi dang an inkai thei bawk nawh. Chuong ang chun ei rengin ei bun tlang a ni chun droplet infection a hung tlawm ding a nih. Social distancing ṭha tak ei nei thei naw khawma mask hin iemani chen ami san him ding a nih. Surgical mask hi one time use (vawi khat hmang chau) a ni a. Darkar ruk vêl chau hmang hlak ding a nih. Chu baka kut balin ei lo them a ni chun hlîp a hmang ta lo a ṭha lem a nih. Surgical mask thlêkin ina siem fâwm hmur tuomna ding puon rêng rêng hmang thei a nih. Rawmal (handkerchief)/muffler amani, gamosa amani, towel amani, puon reng reng hmang thei vawng a nih. Hmur tuom, hmai tuom kha in tlung char a sawp fai nghal a ṭha. Hmur tuomna hi chi dang pakhat chu ‘Respirator’ hi a nih. Respirator hi chi dang dang a um nâwk a. Chuong hai chu USA standard annawleh European standard dungzuiin hming dang danga um. Tu laia ei hriet lar tak chu N95 hi a nih (0.3micron 95% chen a filter thei tina a nih). Respirator hai hi filter hmangin in thuok lutin/in thuok suok a ni hlak a nih. Chuleiin a buntu hai hi droplet infection-a inthawk an him hlak a nih. N95 hi health worker COVID-19 a na enkawltu hai ta ding lieu lieua hmang hlak a nih. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) laia equipment pakhat ve a nih. Mipui hmang dingâ recommend a ni nawh. N95 man pangngai chu Rs 150/- vel a ni a tu ruok hin chu Rs10000/- chena inchawk ding khawma hmu ding a vâng tah.
2. Social Distancing (mihriem le mihriem Inhnâituo lo):
Ei hnam hi inpawl duol duol mi tak, a hâwn hawna um hi ei khawsak dan tlângpui a nih a. Social distancing hi droplet a ni nawleh in tawk tuo (contact)a natna inkai thei hai lakâ invengna dinga hmang dingâ hril a nih. Choung hai chu natna paia ringhlâ taphawt hâiâ inthawk insie kieng ding, public transport a ṭûl hle naw chun chuong lo ding, in a inthawka office sin thaw ding, mipui inbum khawmnaa ṭhang lo ding, sung le kuo hai le khawmin bûm khawm lo ding ti hai hi a nih. A thei phawt chun ina inkhum hran hi a damdawi tak a nih. Chun mi dang biek châng in metre khat (tâwng hni vel) bek inhlat ding ti khawm hi a nih. Coronavirus hi chin hle sien khawm a hlawp hlawpin droplet-a an hung suok hlak a an hung rik tawk ta hlak leiin metre khat chuong hi chu boruok ah an in vuong thei naw a. Chu lei taka chu mi dang le inbiek chang khawma metre khat beka hlaa inbiek a tha a nih. Social distancing hi strict deua ei lo maintain thei ta naw khawm lo ni sien hmur tuomna ei hmang phawt chun iemani chen chu ei la him thei a nih. Chuong lai zing chun hmur tuomna buna social distance maintain lo ding tina a ni nawh. Hmur tuom hi social distance thlektu a ni bawk nawh. Hmur tuomna bun leia nuom nana fe el kha a tha chuong nawh.
3. Hand Washing (Kut sawp):
Kut hi ‘point of maximum contact’ a nih a, Chuleichun natna hrik khawmin kai sawngna hmangruo ṭha tak a nih. COVID-19 a inthawk invengna dingin kut sawp hi ieng leia pawimaw am? Nakieta ei hril ta ang khan ei ṭawng châng, ei inkhul châng hin droplet boruok a hun tawite an vuong hnungin a tril hlaka. Table, chair, puon, le thil dang dang a haia lo tril thla hlak a. Hieng virus lo umna hmun hai kha ei lo them pal a ni chun virus kha ei kuta la kâiin mâni mit amani baua a amani hip lut thei a ni zing bak a mi le ei inchibai changin amani, thil dang ei them changin amani hei sem dar thei a nih. Mobile, door knobs, door handles, lift/elevators button, handrails, chair, table ti hai hi ‘high frequency touch surface’ an nih. Thil ei tawk ta phawt kha mi dang khawmâ an la hung tawk ve thei a nih ti hriet a ṭha. Hieng ang thil ei tawk zo zatin kut sukfaia ṭha a nih. Kut sukfai dan hi kut tui le sabawnin sawp amani alcohol-based hand rub hmangin amani sukfâi thei a nih. Kut sawp hi uluk taka sawp a ṭha a nih. ‘6 steps of hand washing’ ei zui thei kher naw khawma. Ei kutpha, kutpha hnung tieng, kutpui, kuttin kar le kut ring chen ṭha deua sabawna sawp a ṭha. Tui le sabawn chu ei tlasam naw a. Nisienlakhawm, ni tin hun hmangna kut sawp zing zing khawm chu a lo remchâng naw el thei. Ei tlasam chu hand rub hi a nih. Inchawk ding hmu lo khawpin a vang taa. Hmu ding a vang ta lei hin hieng B. Baruah College, Cotton College le hospital ṭhenkhat haiin an hmang fawm ding an siem el a ni tah. Mani mimal a hmang fâwm dingin ‘WHO formulation for hand rub’ dungzuiin 200ml hand rub siem dingin Clean water 90ml, Isopropyl alcohol 100 ml, Hydrogen peroxide 1 table spoon, Glycerin/Glycerol 1 teaspoon chawk pâwla siem thei ni’ng a tih. Hieng ingredients hai hi pharmacy-ah hmu thei vawng ni’ng a tih. Chun ‘high frequency touch surface’ hai reng reng hi kut vawi tieng (chang tieng mi i ni chun/non-dominant hand) a them lem ding anih. A san chu non-dominant hand-in hmai them a tlâwm lem hlak a nih.
4. Disinfection:
Hand rub, hand wipes le sabawn hai hi an zo zung zung a mâni taksa natna hrika inthawk sukthiengna dingin. Ei in hai hi teh ei sukfâi hne am? Coronavirus hi darkar ieng zat chie am taksa puo tieng hin a dam thei ti chieng takin ei la hriet thei nawh. National Institutes of Health, USA a hril dan chun Coronavirus hi cardboard-ah darkar 24 chen a hring theia, chun plastic le stainless steel ah ni 2 a inthawk ni 3 chen a dam thei an tih. Coronavirus hi taksaâ inthawk a suok hnungin darkar tam a la dam thei lei hin kut sukfai le in sûng fâi taka sie chu virus indar nawna dingin a pawimaw tak zet a nih. Hieng hi a ni lei nei tawk nuom bik table, chair, phones, door handles, entrance doors, light switches, remote control, bathroom door, toys le ṭuong hai hi sukfai zing a ṭha. Ṭuong ti lo a dang hai po sukfaina dingin bleaching powder 500 ppm (16gm in 10 liter of water) hmang thei ni’ng a ti a. Ṭuong sukfaina dingin bleaching powder 5000 ppm (160 gm in 10 liter of water) hmang thei ni bawk a tih. Thlai le thei hai khawm bleaching powder 100 ppm (3.2 gm in 10 litre water) hmangin sukfâi thei ni’ng a tih. Tuia sukfai naw chi thuomhnâw (machine thil) hai chu alcohol-based rub hmangâ sukfâi thei a nih. Ngharêk thei ruok chu bleaching powder a sukfâi remchâng naw ni a. Chuong thil sukfaina ding chun Quarternary ammonium compound hmang thei ni’ng a tih.
Invêng nêkâ ṭha lem hi a um si naw a. Ei invêngna thei chin ding ei hung tar lang a nih a. Sawrkar-a inthawka Advisory tam tak hung suok hai enin ei umna hmun le ngirhmun (resource limited) a hmang thei ding awm ei hung suklang a nih. Inthuruol taka insie hran hi ei dam tlangna ding a nih.
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Maligaon, Guwahati
Coronavirus disease - 2019 (CO-Corona, VI-virus, D-Disease, 19-2019 natnâ inṭan kum) WHO-in “Global Health Emergency” tiin a lo puong ta â. Hî natna hrik hi SARS-CoV-2 tiâ ko a nih. Hmû suok thar a ni lei hin Novel Coronavirus khawm an ti bawk hlak. Coronavirus family-â mî pakhat vê a nih. Coronavirus hi chi dang tam tak an la um vea. Chuong hai laia chun chi sari (7) hin mihriema natna â’n umtir thei a nih. Mihriem a natna indar suok thut (outbreak) coronavirus leia lo um ta hai chu SARS (2002-2003) civet cat-a (ramsa chi khat) a inthawka inkâi sâwng a nih. Chun MERS (2012-2015) Sanghawngsei-a (camel) inthawka inkai sawng a ni bawk. COVID-19 khawm hi rannunga inthawkâ mutation (virus inthlâk danglam) leiâ mihriema hung kâi sâwng ni dinga ring a nih. Ieng rannung tak am a ni ruok chu hriet chieng a ni nawh. COVID-19 hi virus natna a ni ti chu a hminga inthawk khawmâ ei hriet thei. Virus hai hi anni khâtin an insukpung thei nawh. An pungna ding chun hringna nei (host cell) an pawimaw a nih. Hi lei tak hin coronavirus khawm hi ei in veng ṭha phawt a ni chun â’n dar zau pei hi ei suktâwp thei a nih.
Health Advisories WHO/CDC/MoHFW le Local Health Authority haia inthawk tam tak an lo insuo tah a. Mipui ei him theina ding chun hieng hai hi zui ṭûl a tih. Ei zui theina ding chun resource nei a ṭûl. Rambung changkâng hai angin resources ei nei ṭha si nawh. Hmangruo tlâwmna (Resource limited) hmuna ieng tin am invêng thei ei ta, ti chu ei hung suklang nuom tak ni sien. Medical Science hi Evidence Based Practice (a en fiena ṭha tak neia thil thaw) a ni hlak leiin a damdawi tak ding le a vaccine ding market chena a hung theina ding chun clinical trials tam tak hung pal tlang a ngâi hlak a nih. Chu khela face mask le hand rub hai khawm hi a ṭûl zat hmu ding a um ta naw a nih. Chun Health Care facilities/doctor population ratio hai hang en chun hi natna hi invênga dam taka um hi chu thil ṭha tak ni dingin a inlang a nih.
COVID-19 natna a’n thawk a invengna ṭha tak chu a virus a inthawk a insie kieng hi a nih. COVID-19 hi inkai sâwng awlsam tak a ni lai zingin inveng thei a nih ti chu ei hriet senga. Eini laia ei hmang thei ding awm hai chu
1. Face Mask (Hmûr tuomna):
Khawvelin tu laia a buoipui tak chu face mask (Hmûr tuomna) le hand sanitizer (kut sukthiengna) hai hi a nih. Face mask ei ti hin Surgical mask a kawk tak a. Surgical Mask hi Surgeon haiin an bun hlak hi a nih. A tlângpuiin layers (thuo) pathuma um hlak a, chuong hai chu - (a) First layer hi Water resistant a nih. Chu chu Thisen/taksatuihnang (body fluid) inthawkâ a buntu invengna ding a nih. (b) Middle layer hi Filter layer a nih (2.5 micron chen a filter thei) (c) A pathumna hi Absorbance layer a buntu chil amani a thlan am a ni a fawp kîngtu a nih. A buntuin â’n thuok lût le â’n thuok suok hin hi layer hai fe tlengin kherin an inthuok ngâi nawh. A sîr vela inthawkin thli (air) hi lûtin an in thuok lem hlak a nih. A buntu hâiin vengna ding ni loin a buntu haiin an kawl vêla um hai natna an inkâi thei nawna dinga bun hlak a nih. Surgical mask cheng 2 man kha tu hin Chêng100 khawma inchawk ding ei hmu zo ta naw a nih. A buntu hai a veng si naw chun iem a tangkaina ei ti el thei. A tangkaina tak chu a buntu hai an tawng chângin amani an inkhul chângin droplet â’n dar thei naw a, mi dang an inkai thei bawk nawh. Chuong ang chun ei rengin ei bun tlang a ni chun droplet infection a hung tlawm ding a nih. Social distancing ṭha tak ei nei thei naw khawma mask hin iemani chen ami san him ding a nih. Surgical mask hi one time use (vawi khat hmang chau) a ni a. Darkar ruk vêl chau hmang hlak ding a nih. Chu baka kut balin ei lo them a ni chun hlîp a hmang ta lo a ṭha lem a nih. Surgical mask thlêkin ina siem fâwm hmur tuomna ding puon rêng rêng hmang thei a nih. Rawmal (handkerchief)/muffler amani, gamosa amani, towel amani, puon reng reng hmang thei vawng a nih. Hmur tuom, hmai tuom kha in tlung char a sawp fai nghal a ṭha. Hmur tuomna hi chi dang pakhat chu ‘Respirator’ hi a nih. Respirator hi chi dang dang a um nâwk a. Chuong hai chu USA standard annawleh European standard dungzuiin hming dang danga um. Tu laia ei hriet lar tak chu N95 hi a nih (0.3micron 95% chen a filter thei tina a nih). Respirator hai hi filter hmangin in thuok lutin/in thuok suok a ni hlak a nih. Chuleiin a buntu hai hi droplet infection-a inthawk an him hlak a nih. N95 hi health worker COVID-19 a na enkawltu hai ta ding lieu lieua hmang hlak a nih. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) laia equipment pakhat ve a nih. Mipui hmang dingâ recommend a ni nawh. N95 man pangngai chu Rs 150/- vel a ni a tu ruok hin chu Rs10000/- chena inchawk ding khawma hmu ding a vâng tah.
2. Social Distancing (mihriem le mihriem Inhnâituo lo):
Ei hnam hi inpawl duol duol mi tak, a hâwn hawna um hi ei khawsak dan tlângpui a nih a. Social distancing hi droplet a ni nawleh in tawk tuo (contact)a natna inkai thei hai lakâ invengna dinga hmang dingâ hril a nih. Choung hai chu natna paia ringhlâ taphawt hâiâ inthawk insie kieng ding, public transport a ṭûl hle naw chun chuong lo ding, in a inthawka office sin thaw ding, mipui inbum khawmnaa ṭhang lo ding, sung le kuo hai le khawmin bûm khawm lo ding ti hai hi a nih. A thei phawt chun ina inkhum hran hi a damdawi tak a nih. Chun mi dang biek châng in metre khat (tâwng hni vel) bek inhlat ding ti khawm hi a nih. Coronavirus hi chin hle sien khawm a hlawp hlawpin droplet-a an hung suok hlak a an hung rik tawk ta hlak leiin metre khat chuong hi chu boruok ah an in vuong thei naw a. Chu lei taka chu mi dang le inbiek chang khawma metre khat beka hlaa inbiek a tha a nih. Social distancing hi strict deua ei lo maintain thei ta naw khawm lo ni sien hmur tuomna ei hmang phawt chun iemani chen chu ei la him thei a nih. Chuong lai zing chun hmur tuomna buna social distance maintain lo ding tina a ni nawh. Hmur tuom hi social distance thlektu a ni bawk nawh. Hmur tuomna bun leia nuom nana fe el kha a tha chuong nawh.
3. Hand Washing (Kut sawp):
Kut hi ‘point of maximum contact’ a nih a, Chuleichun natna hrik khawmin kai sawngna hmangruo ṭha tak a nih. COVID-19 a inthawk invengna dingin kut sawp hi ieng leia pawimaw am? Nakieta ei hril ta ang khan ei ṭawng châng, ei inkhul châng hin droplet boruok a hun tawite an vuong hnungin a tril hlaka. Table, chair, puon, le thil dang dang a haia lo tril thla hlak a. Hieng virus lo umna hmun hai kha ei lo them pal a ni chun virus kha ei kuta la kâiin mâni mit amani baua a amani hip lut thei a ni zing bak a mi le ei inchibai changin amani, thil dang ei them changin amani hei sem dar thei a nih. Mobile, door knobs, door handles, lift/elevators button, handrails, chair, table ti hai hi ‘high frequency touch surface’ an nih. Thil ei tawk ta phawt kha mi dang khawmâ an la hung tawk ve thei a nih ti hriet a ṭha. Hieng ang thil ei tawk zo zatin kut sukfaia ṭha a nih. Kut sukfai dan hi kut tui le sabawnin sawp amani alcohol-based hand rub hmangin amani sukfâi thei a nih. Kut sawp hi uluk taka sawp a ṭha a nih. ‘6 steps of hand washing’ ei zui thei kher naw khawma. Ei kutpha, kutpha hnung tieng, kutpui, kuttin kar le kut ring chen ṭha deua sabawna sawp a ṭha. Tui le sabawn chu ei tlasam naw a. Nisienlakhawm, ni tin hun hmangna kut sawp zing zing khawm chu a lo remchâng naw el thei. Ei tlasam chu hand rub hi a nih. Inchawk ding hmu lo khawpin a vang taa. Hmu ding a vang ta lei hin hieng B. Baruah College, Cotton College le hospital ṭhenkhat haiin an hmang fawm ding an siem el a ni tah. Mani mimal a hmang fâwm dingin ‘WHO formulation for hand rub’ dungzuiin 200ml hand rub siem dingin Clean water 90ml, Isopropyl alcohol 100 ml, Hydrogen peroxide 1 table spoon, Glycerin/Glycerol 1 teaspoon chawk pâwla siem thei ni’ng a tih. Hieng ingredients hai hi pharmacy-ah hmu thei vawng ni’ng a tih. Chun ‘high frequency touch surface’ hai reng reng hi kut vawi tieng (chang tieng mi i ni chun/non-dominant hand) a them lem ding anih. A san chu non-dominant hand-in hmai them a tlâwm lem hlak a nih.
4. Disinfection:
Hand rub, hand wipes le sabawn hai hi an zo zung zung a mâni taksa natna hrika inthawk sukthiengna dingin. Ei in hai hi teh ei sukfâi hne am? Coronavirus hi darkar ieng zat chie am taksa puo tieng hin a dam thei ti chieng takin ei la hriet thei nawh. National Institutes of Health, USA a hril dan chun Coronavirus hi cardboard-ah darkar 24 chen a hring theia, chun plastic le stainless steel ah ni 2 a inthawk ni 3 chen a dam thei an tih. Coronavirus hi taksaâ inthawk a suok hnungin darkar tam a la dam thei lei hin kut sukfai le in sûng fâi taka sie chu virus indar nawna dingin a pawimaw tak zet a nih. Hieng hi a ni lei nei tawk nuom bik table, chair, phones, door handles, entrance doors, light switches, remote control, bathroom door, toys le ṭuong hai hi sukfai zing a ṭha. Ṭuong ti lo a dang hai po sukfaina dingin bleaching powder 500 ppm (16gm in 10 liter of water) hmang thei ni’ng a ti a. Ṭuong sukfaina dingin bleaching powder 5000 ppm (160 gm in 10 liter of water) hmang thei ni bawk a tih. Thlai le thei hai khawm bleaching powder 100 ppm (3.2 gm in 10 litre water) hmangin sukfâi thei ni’ng a tih. Tuia sukfai naw chi thuomhnâw (machine thil) hai chu alcohol-based rub hmangâ sukfâi thei a nih. Ngharêk thei ruok chu bleaching powder a sukfâi remchâng naw ni a. Chuong thil sukfaina ding chun Quarternary ammonium compound hmang thei ni’ng a tih.
Invêng nêkâ ṭha lem hi a um si naw a. Ei invêngna thei chin ding ei hung tar lang a nih a. Sawrkar-a inthawka Advisory tam tak hung suok hai enin ei umna hmun le ngirhmun (resource limited) a hmang thei ding awm ei hung suklang a nih. Inthuruol taka insie hran hi ei dam tlangna ding a nih.
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