~ Dr. Ruth Laldinthar
Assistant Professor
Churachandpur Govt. College
A hming sam ringawt khawma lung buo tak el, India hmarsak biela tlangmi hai, abikin, Hmar hnam fak le dawn, buthleng inhnikna belsatu le sukkimtu chu 'SIZO' hi a nih.
Hmar hnam sunga ngat lem chu fak le dawn, ruoithe ni hai a chun Sizo hi ‘a serh zinga a mei’, a thang lova ni thei lo, thang ngei ngei dinga hmun pawimaw tak hluotu a nih. Pipu chena inthawk tahin, Sizo hin ei hnam thlaithleng hmuna hmun insang tak awin, khawvel umsung chun ei ni lai chu hmun pawimawtak a hluo zui pei ding chu a nih.
Sizo a botanical hming chu Eurya acuminata DC. (family; Pentaphylacaceae) a nih. Sizo hi a lo um ani ti thu hi Swiss Scientist, De Candolle in kum 1822 lai khan a lo hril a (Lai, 2017). Chu hnunga chun International Plant Names Index ah a hung inlang zui pei tah a nih (The International Plant Names Index Collaborators, 2018).
Eini ruok chun, Pathien in khawvel mihriem a siema, fak le dawn inmaina chang an hriet a inthawkin, ei pi le pu haiin an fak le dawna an lo inthang tir dai tah a nih. A kum le ni le hun hril el thei naw inla khawm, ‘tiena tlang’ a inthawk tah ei hnam sunga thang ve ani tawp a nih. Khawvel rambung hieng : Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand le Vietnam a hai um in, (Tropical Plant Database, 2018), India ram sungah chu Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh le West Bengal, (Ganeshaiah, 2010) ah hai khawm a uma, inhlut dan le hmang dan ruok chu an angnaw thei.
Pieng dan le an lang dan a chu, Sizo chu a kung hi rampui thing kung anga lien tak tak, insang tak tak anni naw tlangpui, an sang tawk um hai sienkhawm. An sang pawltak a metre 15 hai chen chu an um thei a nih, (Huxley, 1992). A kung le kau khawm nisien, an uoi le thlam thei naw pha chu ni silo, thlam awlsam phak tawk awma insang anni deu a nih.
A tlangpui in Sizo hi dam kuo, ruom sung a mi nekin, tlangchar le hmun insang deua an um nuom bik deu. An hmel put dan a khawm, dam le ruom sunga Sizo um chu an hna a lien in, an seiin an hna rawng khawm, an hring dum deu bik hlak. Tlangchar le hmun insangna hmuna Sizo hai chu an hna khawm a hring eng inno deu hieu in, an hnikin an rawm sat bik hlak. Sizo hi thil dang neka a danglam na le a special bik na chu, a fur a thalin, a kumtluon in a um (available) a, an hnikna pangngai bawk si na hi a nih.
Lo thlai dang hai anga a hranpa taka a chi thlak le inso a, ei ching hlak nisi lova chu, Sizo anga tha, inhnik le tangkai hi vangtak ning atih. Ama le ama, a ra a inthawk hung indar in a mawnga, zu le va laka inthawkin an dar thei bawk baka, mihriem kuta inthawk khawmin, an darin, phunin an inthla bawk a nih, (Ganeshaiah, 2010).
A chi hi inso in a kak thei a, a kak chu a lien a, a hung puitling met hnungah phunsawn thei a nih. A kau a hung chang phat, 6-8 cm a sei a tan bawng peiin, July- August thla a phunsawn thei a nih tiin Sheat (1948) in a lo hril a nih. A mawngna dinga pil a mamaw dan an hrilna a chun, pil hi hnawng tha huntawk le tui pai rawn lei a inkhuop lo ding a nih, (Plant For A Future, 2010).
Sizo hi a rim tak khawm a thienghlim in, a rim an hnika. A sel a ahna amani, a kuong amani hang pet le se khawmin, antalna le anhnik nawna a um nawh. Sizo hme leia ngeinaw, taksa le hriselna a suk buoi ti hril ding a um ngai bawk nawh hi a danglamna le a special na dang ning a tih.
Hieng ang khawp a ‘khuonu malsawmna’ ani lei hi ning ata, tlangmi hai laia Sizo thang lova ruoithe chu ‘kim lo a’ ngaina a um tlat a nih. Ruoithe ni hai hieng : Christmas lawm ni dam, Kumthar lawmni dam, Innei nikhuo dam a ruoithe le ruoithe nikhuo hrim hrima, ‘Sizo hmepawk’ thanglo chu ‘ankhawrh’ in, ‘a kimnaw’ tlat a nih.
Tlangmi hai lai, a bikin, Hmar hnam sunga chu Sizo hin pawimawna nasatak a nei zuol bik ti thei a nih. Khawlai hmun a khawm nisien, ei umna hmun a phawt chu hme ding, le ei ruoithena a chu thang dinga ngaina lientak ei nei a nih. Hmun hla lem hieng Delhi dam, Mumbai dam le Kolkata le foreign a khawm nisien, ei umna hmun hmuna Sizo ngaina chun hmun insang a chang pei anih. Sizo inhlutna a nasa deu deu leiin, August 23- 25, 2018 khan Tourist Complex, Berawtlang, Aizawl, Mizoram ah khawm ‘Sizo Hmepawk Festival’ an hmang hiela. Hi festival pawimaw tak el hi Pu Zonunsanga Khiangte, President, Mizoram Journalists Association in hawngna a neia. Pu Lalthalien, CEM, Sinlung Hills Council chu Khuolzauma thangin, Pu Lalremruata Varte, Mizoram Traditional Food Restaurant neitu in Sizo hmepawk chau nilovin, food item dang dang buotsaiin, mi tamtak an thang chau nilovin, inhlut a hlaw hle a nih, (Infimate, 2018).
A tangkaina hai:
1. Sizo hi a hna tharlam hlawk, (Fresh leaves) le Arsa, Vawksa, Bawngsa, Bawngchek le Hmepawk a suong an hnik em em a nih. A Sizo suk tawl a sie khawm in hun sawt tak an sie thei in, kawng dang dang in an hme thei.
2. A hna zik inno hi uop hmin le hminlo khawm in hmarcha dengin, anhnik em em a nih.
3. Changal le Chartang a suong khawm in an hnik em em a, Bal le Sizo, Bekanthu, Sathu hme a suong khawm in an hnik a nih.
4. Sizo ra an in tawngtirna a chun, ‘ka ra lai hin sakhi sa nek khawmin ka hang lem a nih’ ati hiel a nih. Chuongang khawpa Sizo ra khawm hi inhnik a anlo hril ve a nih.
5. Hriselna dinga hme khawmin atha. Sizo hme suol leia hriselna sukbuoi le phingna le inhawilo a um ti ei hriet ngai nawh.
6. Sizo hna sawr, a tui dawn khawm hin sungkhaw le phing inhawilo a sukhawi thei, (Gardner et al., 2000).
7. Chakma hai lem chun a zunga inthawka a tui sawr hi sungkhaw damdawiin an hmang anih, (Morshed, 2013).
8. Meghalaya a thlaihna zawrna hmuna Sizo an study na a chun, nutritional value {( crude fat, crude fibre, protein, available carbohydrate (%), energy content (kcal/100g)} an study a. Hieng laihin, available carbohydrate an sang taka (76.14± 0.7 %), chu zoa Protein (14.72±0.04), Crude fibre (3.3. ±0.03) le Crude fat (1.40±0.03) le energy content chu (339.93±0.10) anih. Chun, minerals hieng: Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Manganese, Sodium, Iron, Zinc le Copper hai a awmtawkin an um ve vawng a nih an ti bawk a nih, Seal et al., (2004) .
9. Senapati, Manipur hmuna thlaihna a minerals umzat an study na a chun ei thlai ching tamtak hai nek khawmin Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Manganese le Zinc hai hi anlo tamlem anih antih bawk anih, (Konsam et al., 2006).
10. A hna hi pangpuor, vun natna chikhata dinga suk dei, sukhawi tu, (cooling agent) dinga an hmang bawk anih, (Gardner et al., 2000).
11. Fak dan le hmang dan dang dang um thei atih. Garo hills a hmun then khata chu Ran bu in an hmang bawk a nih.
Pu Timothy Z. Zote in Sizo-Aw-Sizo ti hla alo phuok a chun:
'Hunpui, Lal pieng cham lawm le,
Kaisan, Laibung, Mo lawmni le Sikpuiruoi;
Hlima lawm chang nihai khawm hin,
Aw sizo tlei reng an tak nang thanglo chun' alo ti hiel a nih.
Sizo hi hieng lawma ei nuna hmun a hluo inthuk lei hin humhal le vawngthat, venghim le sukpung pei hi ei thaw ngei dinga tul chu a nih. Vawnghim le humhal na ding chun :-
1. Tuta ei hmang mek ang hin Sizo puola Festival hmanga, anhnikna le hlutna le ei mamawna inhril hrietna nei hi a humhalna le venghimna dinga pawimaw tak pakhat chu a nih.
2. Sizo festival ei nei hin, Sizo hme chi dang dang a suong uor inla, Sizo chung changa hla a sak insiek le, drama amani le photography competition dam huoihawt nisien.
3. Research uor in, Hmar hnam delna, hmun dang danga Sizo hai la khawm in scientific documentation dam nei inla.
4. Sizo kung, a kak hai a hrana ching le phun in, a bil siem inla, green house amanih.
5. Sawrkara thuneitu hai kuoma Sizo hi ei fak le dawn suk kimtu anizie, le a thang lova lungkim thei lo eini thu intlunin, sawrkar in a chingdan ding le humhal a, a pung zuol dan ding a hma mi la pui dingin ngen nisien.
Sizo hin ei ni hnam lai chau khawm nilovin, a hrie phak phawt hai lai chun a hluin, kawng tam takin malsawmna a lo nih tia chieng a nih. An hnikna le a thatna le anina hrechiengtu taphawt chun, Sizo hi Khuonu malsawmna ani zie hre zuol pei an tih. ‘Sizo Hmepawk’ hi ei inthang nel pui, ei food item a pawimaw kai ani lei hin, hla khawm in Pu Edward T. C. Hrangate in a lo sak tah a. Pu Timothy Z. Zote khawm in Sizo hla in a lo in zawt bawk a nih. Sizo hi hieng ang ‘evergreen’, inhnik le tha le hlutna hi hung inthang zuol pei sienla, hringmi zalenghai nun sukhlimtu le thafanna petu ni pei raw seh.
REFERENCES:
Ganeshaiah, K. N. (2010). UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
Gardner, S., Sisisunthorn, P. and Ansarnsunthorn, V. (2000).
A field guide to forest trees of Northern Thailand. Kobfai Publishing project, Bangkok, Thailand.
Huxley, A. (1992). The New RHS, Dictionary of Gardening. ISBN 0-333-47494-5.
Infimate, S. (2018). Sizo Hmepawk Festival Aizawl a nei anih. https://www.virthli.in/2018/08/sizo-hmepawk-festival-aizawl-ah-nei-nih.html.
Konsam, S. C., Devi, K. T., Salem, J. S. and Singh, P. K. (2016). Biochemical constituents and nutritive evaluation of some less known wild edible plants from Senapati District, Manipur, India. Notulae Scientia Biologicae 8(3):370-372.
Lai, K. (2017).Eurya acuminata DC., 1822. The National Checklist of Taiwan. Taiwan Biodiversity InformationFacility (TaiBIF). Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/auw1kd accessed via GBIF.org on 2018-09-26.
Morshed, A. J. M. (2013). A survey of medicinal plants as regards to their uses by the tribal practitioners in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh to check various diseases. BCSIR Laboratories Chittagong.
Plant For A Future (2010).https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Eurya+acuminata.
Seal, T., Pillai, B. and Chaudhuri, K. (2014). Nutritive value and mineral compositon of some wild edible plants from Meghalaya State in India. Advances in Biological Research 8 (3): 116- 122.
Sheat, W. G. (1948). Propagation of Trees, Shrubs and Conifers.MacMilan and Co.
The International Plant Names Index Collaborators. International Plant Names Index. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/uhllmw accessed via GBIF.org on 2018-09-26.
Timothy Z. Zote (2018). Sizo- Aw- Sizo. Fourth of the sixth paragraph.
Tropical Plants Database (2018). Ken Fern tropical. theferns.info.2018-09-25.tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Eurya+acuminata>.
Assistant Professor
Churachandpur Govt. College
A hming sam ringawt khawma lung buo tak el, India hmarsak biela tlangmi hai, abikin, Hmar hnam fak le dawn, buthleng inhnikna belsatu le sukkimtu chu 'SIZO' hi a nih.
Hmar hnam sunga ngat lem chu fak le dawn, ruoithe ni hai a chun Sizo hi ‘a serh zinga a mei’, a thang lova ni thei lo, thang ngei ngei dinga hmun pawimaw tak hluotu a nih. Pipu chena inthawk tahin, Sizo hin ei hnam thlaithleng hmuna hmun insang tak awin, khawvel umsung chun ei ni lai chu hmun pawimawtak a hluo zui pei ding chu a nih.
Sizo a botanical hming chu Eurya acuminata DC. (family; Pentaphylacaceae) a nih. Sizo hi a lo um ani ti thu hi Swiss Scientist, De Candolle in kum 1822 lai khan a lo hril a (Lai, 2017). Chu hnunga chun International Plant Names Index ah a hung inlang zui pei tah a nih (The International Plant Names Index Collaborators, 2018).
Eini ruok chun, Pathien in khawvel mihriem a siema, fak le dawn inmaina chang an hriet a inthawkin, ei pi le pu haiin an fak le dawna an lo inthang tir dai tah a nih. A kum le ni le hun hril el thei naw inla khawm, ‘tiena tlang’ a inthawk tah ei hnam sunga thang ve ani tawp a nih. Khawvel rambung hieng : Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand le Vietnam a hai um in, (Tropical Plant Database, 2018), India ram sungah chu Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh le West Bengal, (Ganeshaiah, 2010) ah hai khawm a uma, inhlut dan le hmang dan ruok chu an angnaw thei.
Pieng dan le an lang dan a chu, Sizo chu a kung hi rampui thing kung anga lien tak tak, insang tak tak anni naw tlangpui, an sang tawk um hai sienkhawm. An sang pawltak a metre 15 hai chen chu an um thei a nih, (Huxley, 1992). A kung le kau khawm nisien, an uoi le thlam thei naw pha chu ni silo, thlam awlsam phak tawk awma insang anni deu a nih.
A tlangpui in Sizo hi dam kuo, ruom sung a mi nekin, tlangchar le hmun insang deua an um nuom bik deu. An hmel put dan a khawm, dam le ruom sunga Sizo um chu an hna a lien in, an seiin an hna rawng khawm, an hring dum deu bik hlak. Tlangchar le hmun insangna hmuna Sizo hai chu an hna khawm a hring eng inno deu hieu in, an hnikin an rawm sat bik hlak. Sizo hi thil dang neka a danglam na le a special bik na chu, a fur a thalin, a kumtluon in a um (available) a, an hnikna pangngai bawk si na hi a nih.
Lo thlai dang hai anga a hranpa taka a chi thlak le inso a, ei ching hlak nisi lova chu, Sizo anga tha, inhnik le tangkai hi vangtak ning atih. Ama le ama, a ra a inthawk hung indar in a mawnga, zu le va laka inthawkin an dar thei bawk baka, mihriem kuta inthawk khawmin, an darin, phunin an inthla bawk a nih, (Ganeshaiah, 2010).
A chi hi inso in a kak thei a, a kak chu a lien a, a hung puitling met hnungah phunsawn thei a nih. A kau a hung chang phat, 6-8 cm a sei a tan bawng peiin, July- August thla a phunsawn thei a nih tiin Sheat (1948) in a lo hril a nih. A mawngna dinga pil a mamaw dan an hrilna a chun, pil hi hnawng tha huntawk le tui pai rawn lei a inkhuop lo ding a nih, (Plant For A Future, 2010).
Sizo hi a rim tak khawm a thienghlim in, a rim an hnika. A sel a ahna amani, a kuong amani hang pet le se khawmin, antalna le anhnik nawna a um nawh. Sizo hme leia ngeinaw, taksa le hriselna a suk buoi ti hril ding a um ngai bawk nawh hi a danglamna le a special na dang ning a tih.
Hieng ang khawp a ‘khuonu malsawmna’ ani lei hi ning ata, tlangmi hai laia Sizo thang lova ruoithe chu ‘kim lo a’ ngaina a um tlat a nih. Ruoithe ni hai hieng : Christmas lawm ni dam, Kumthar lawmni dam, Innei nikhuo dam a ruoithe le ruoithe nikhuo hrim hrima, ‘Sizo hmepawk’ thanglo chu ‘ankhawrh’ in, ‘a kimnaw’ tlat a nih.
Tlangmi hai lai, a bikin, Hmar hnam sunga chu Sizo hin pawimawna nasatak a nei zuol bik ti thei a nih. Khawlai hmun a khawm nisien, ei umna hmun a phawt chu hme ding, le ei ruoithena a chu thang dinga ngaina lientak ei nei a nih. Hmun hla lem hieng Delhi dam, Mumbai dam le Kolkata le foreign a khawm nisien, ei umna hmun hmuna Sizo ngaina chun hmun insang a chang pei anih. Sizo inhlutna a nasa deu deu leiin, August 23- 25, 2018 khan Tourist Complex, Berawtlang, Aizawl, Mizoram ah khawm ‘Sizo Hmepawk Festival’ an hmang hiela. Hi festival pawimaw tak el hi Pu Zonunsanga Khiangte, President, Mizoram Journalists Association in hawngna a neia. Pu Lalthalien, CEM, Sinlung Hills Council chu Khuolzauma thangin, Pu Lalremruata Varte, Mizoram Traditional Food Restaurant neitu in Sizo hmepawk chau nilovin, food item dang dang buotsaiin, mi tamtak an thang chau nilovin, inhlut a hlaw hle a nih, (Infimate, 2018).
A tangkaina hai:
1. Sizo hi a hna tharlam hlawk, (Fresh leaves) le Arsa, Vawksa, Bawngsa, Bawngchek le Hmepawk a suong an hnik em em a nih. A Sizo suk tawl a sie khawm in hun sawt tak an sie thei in, kawng dang dang in an hme thei.
2. A hna zik inno hi uop hmin le hminlo khawm in hmarcha dengin, anhnik em em a nih.
3. Changal le Chartang a suong khawm in an hnik em em a, Bal le Sizo, Bekanthu, Sathu hme a suong khawm in an hnik a nih.
4. Sizo ra an in tawngtirna a chun, ‘ka ra lai hin sakhi sa nek khawmin ka hang lem a nih’ ati hiel a nih. Chuongang khawpa Sizo ra khawm hi inhnik a anlo hril ve a nih.
5. Hriselna dinga hme khawmin atha. Sizo hme suol leia hriselna sukbuoi le phingna le inhawilo a um ti ei hriet ngai nawh.
6. Sizo hna sawr, a tui dawn khawm hin sungkhaw le phing inhawilo a sukhawi thei, (Gardner et al., 2000).
7. Chakma hai lem chun a zunga inthawka a tui sawr hi sungkhaw damdawiin an hmang anih, (Morshed, 2013).
8. Meghalaya a thlaihna zawrna hmuna Sizo an study na a chun, nutritional value {( crude fat, crude fibre, protein, available carbohydrate (%), energy content (kcal/100g)} an study a. Hieng laihin, available carbohydrate an sang taka (76.14± 0.7 %), chu zoa Protein (14.72±0.04), Crude fibre (3.3. ±0.03) le Crude fat (1.40±0.03) le energy content chu (339.93±0.10) anih. Chun, minerals hieng: Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Manganese, Sodium, Iron, Zinc le Copper hai a awmtawkin an um ve vawng a nih an ti bawk a nih, Seal et al., (2004) .
9. Senapati, Manipur hmuna thlaihna a minerals umzat an study na a chun ei thlai ching tamtak hai nek khawmin Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Manganese le Zinc hai hi anlo tamlem anih antih bawk anih, (Konsam et al., 2006).
10. A hna hi pangpuor, vun natna chikhata dinga suk dei, sukhawi tu, (cooling agent) dinga an hmang bawk anih, (Gardner et al., 2000).
11. Fak dan le hmang dan dang dang um thei atih. Garo hills a hmun then khata chu Ran bu in an hmang bawk a nih.
Pu Timothy Z. Zote in Sizo-Aw-Sizo ti hla alo phuok a chun:
'Hunpui, Lal pieng cham lawm le,
Kaisan, Laibung, Mo lawmni le Sikpuiruoi;
Hlima lawm chang nihai khawm hin,
Aw sizo tlei reng an tak nang thanglo chun' alo ti hiel a nih.
Sizo hi hieng lawma ei nuna hmun a hluo inthuk lei hin humhal le vawngthat, venghim le sukpung pei hi ei thaw ngei dinga tul chu a nih. Vawnghim le humhal na ding chun :-
1. Tuta ei hmang mek ang hin Sizo puola Festival hmanga, anhnikna le hlutna le ei mamawna inhril hrietna nei hi a humhalna le venghimna dinga pawimaw tak pakhat chu a nih.
2. Sizo festival ei nei hin, Sizo hme chi dang dang a suong uor inla, Sizo chung changa hla a sak insiek le, drama amani le photography competition dam huoihawt nisien.
3. Research uor in, Hmar hnam delna, hmun dang danga Sizo hai la khawm in scientific documentation dam nei inla.
4. Sizo kung, a kak hai a hrana ching le phun in, a bil siem inla, green house amanih.
5. Sawrkara thuneitu hai kuoma Sizo hi ei fak le dawn suk kimtu anizie, le a thang lova lungkim thei lo eini thu intlunin, sawrkar in a chingdan ding le humhal a, a pung zuol dan ding a hma mi la pui dingin ngen nisien.
Sizo hin ei ni hnam lai chau khawm nilovin, a hrie phak phawt hai lai chun a hluin, kawng tam takin malsawmna a lo nih tia chieng a nih. An hnikna le a thatna le anina hrechiengtu taphawt chun, Sizo hi Khuonu malsawmna ani zie hre zuol pei an tih. ‘Sizo Hmepawk’ hi ei inthang nel pui, ei food item a pawimaw kai ani lei hin, hla khawm in Pu Edward T. C. Hrangate in a lo sak tah a. Pu Timothy Z. Zote khawm in Sizo hla in a lo in zawt bawk a nih. Sizo hi hieng ang ‘evergreen’, inhnik le tha le hlutna hi hung inthang zuol pei sienla, hringmi zalenghai nun sukhlimtu le thafanna petu ni pei raw seh.
REFERENCES:
Ganeshaiah, K. N. (2010). UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
Gardner, S., Sisisunthorn, P. and Ansarnsunthorn, V. (2000).
A field guide to forest trees of Northern Thailand. Kobfai Publishing project, Bangkok, Thailand.
Huxley, A. (1992). The New RHS, Dictionary of Gardening. ISBN 0-333-47494-5.
Infimate, S. (2018). Sizo Hmepawk Festival Aizawl a nei anih. https://www.virthli.in/2018/08/sizo-hmepawk-festival-aizawl-ah-nei-nih.html.
Konsam, S. C., Devi, K. T., Salem, J. S. and Singh, P. K. (2016). Biochemical constituents and nutritive evaluation of some less known wild edible plants from Senapati District, Manipur, India. Notulae Scientia Biologicae 8(3):370-372.
Lai, K. (2017).Eurya acuminata DC., 1822. The National Checklist of Taiwan. Taiwan Biodiversity InformationFacility (TaiBIF). Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/auw1kd accessed via GBIF.org on 2018-09-26.
Morshed, A. J. M. (2013). A survey of medicinal plants as regards to their uses by the tribal practitioners in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh to check various diseases. BCSIR Laboratories Chittagong.
Plant For A Future (2010).https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Eurya+acuminata.
Seal, T., Pillai, B. and Chaudhuri, K. (2014). Nutritive value and mineral compositon of some wild edible plants from Meghalaya State in India. Advances in Biological Research 8 (3): 116- 122.
Sheat, W. G. (1948). Propagation of Trees, Shrubs and Conifers.MacMilan and Co.
The International Plant Names Index Collaborators. International Plant Names Index. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/uhllmw accessed via GBIF.org on 2018-09-26.
Timothy Z. Zote (2018). Sizo- Aw- Sizo. Fourth of the sixth paragraph.
Tropical Plants Database (2018). Ken Fern tropical. theferns.info.2018-09-25.tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Eurya+acuminata>.
