INCHUKLAIHAI LAMPUI KEIHRUOINA
(Compiled by HSA GHQ Education Department, 2014)
KAWTSUO PAKHATNA (CLASS X)
Lekha inchûkna le inzawma kawtsuo (gateway) pawimaw tak chu High School Leaving Certificate Exam (state hran hranin an ko dan an ang kher nawh) hi a nih. Hi exam HI pass ta chun sorkar le sorkar loah kamdingna (employment) chi dang dang an hmu thei nghal a nih. A hma khan sipai naran ding chun Class VIII Pass a ngai tlangpuia, tulaia ding chun chun Class X Pass a ni tlangpui ta leiin lekha inchuk inhnik rak lo hai khawma Class X hi chu pass hrim hrim a pawimaw a tûl nih.
High School chenah chu sabjek tin (Science, Social Science, Language, etc), a tlangpuiin ei inchûk a, Class X zo anthawk ruok chu sabjek thlûr bik nei a hung ngai nghal tah. Chuong hai chu:
A. Arts:
English, Education, History, Geography, Political Science, Psychology, Sociology, Social Work, Languages, Anthropology, Human Resources, Mass Communication, Journalism, etc hai le Eight Scheduled hnuoia language tum tumhai hi hi Arts sabjek bik deua ngaihai an nih.
B. Science:
Eini laia ei hriet lar bik deu, Class XI anthawka Science sabjek inchûk dinga um hai chu Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics, Biotechnology, and Computer Science hai an ni deu tak. Medical Science (Daktor) ni ding chun main sabjeka Biology le Physics and Chemestry compulsory a ni a; Engineering tieng lunglûthai chun Physics, Chemistry le Mathematics an inchûk ngei a ngai ve thung.
C. Commerce:
Commerce sabjek hi sumdawng le dawr kai mihai ta ding chauhin ei ngaia chu a ni kher nawh. Tulai chu Commerce sabjek le inzawma fak hmuna khawpa inchûk thei tam tak a um tah. Chuong hai chu MBA, Charter Accountancy, Business Marketing & Finance, Business Auditing & Accounting, etc hai an nih.
KAWTSUO PAHNINA (CLASS XII)
A hmaa, ‘Inchûkna le inzawma kotsuo, Class X’ ti kha tulai chu ‘Class XII’ hi a ni lem hman hman tah. Inchûklai le Nu-le-Pa tamtak lungkham khawm Class XII zoa ieng tak am inchûk ding, ti hi a ni rawp tah. Sabjek inchûk hi mani inhnik zawng le nungchang le inhmea thlang a poimaw lai zingin prospect nei tam le tam naw dûn chu an ang vong kher naw ti hrietsa a poimaw hle. Entirna dingin – Class XII (Science) zo hai chu ‘Arts’ tieng ‘BA’ (Graduate) an zom theia; Class XII (Arts) zohai ta ding ruok chun chuong ang ‘chance’ chu a um nawh. ‘Inlet thei a nih’ ti lei ela mani inhnik zawng le thiempui zawng ni der loa Science lâk ve ringot chu thil thaw chi dêr lo a nih. Hieng lai stage tak hin thurawn thra lâkna ding neia lâkna chang hrie hai le nei naw bâkah hrie lo hai kâr a hla duoi nuom hlak.
A. Further Studies:
a) Arts/Commerce/Science, a ieng tak a khom, Class XII passed-a, inchûk zom pei nuom chun B.A., B.Com., B.Sc., ni dingin mani sabjek ditthlanghai inchûk theina College an zom a ngai.
b) Arts le Science a hin Class XII-a mani marks hmu thrat dân a zirin ‘honours paper’ dinga ditthlang thei ding sabjek hran hran a um nawk a; Commerce ah chu a tam hran rak nawh. Chuong ang course zohai chu ‘Graduate’ tia ko an nih.
B. Competitive Line:
a) Class XII zo le inruola sin zong nuomhai chun High School stage anthawk an sabjek el bâkah General Knowledge, Current Affairs hai bakah mani piengpui varna hmang thiem le hmang tangkai mi an ni a ngai a. Nitin chanchinbu le News Magazine hran hranhai hi tiem el ni lovin hrietchieng a poimaw bawk. Chuong ang mihai ta ding chun kum tin central sokar hnuoia Staff Selection Commission-in Clerk Grade level Competitive Exam chi tum tum a buotsai hlak. Competitive Exam hrim hrim chu pass mark hmu lei ela hlawthling a ni naw leiin thiem chungchuong bik a ngaia, a tum tamtak le thi-le-thau sênghai naw chu an hlawthling zen zen nawh.
b) Science sabjek (with Physic, Math or Chemistry as main papers) anthawka Class XII zoa, sipai tieng lût nuom hai chun NDA lut thei a nih a; olsam ruok chu a olsam nawh.
c) Main sabjeka Biology neihai chun ‘Medical Line’ tieng lût thei a nia; chu taka ding chun a hma po khan state tin haiin anni state quota po hluotu dingin Entrance Test an buotsai hlaka chu tulai chu CBSE-in All India Level-in a buotsai ta lem. Hi khawm hi a olsam bik nawh. Mi tamtak chun medical line tieng lungluta, MBBS/BDS Entrance Test fethleng ngei tumna leiin Class XII (Science) an zo charin B.Sc inchuk dinga College lût lovin kumpuilinglet Medical Coaching Class an zom lem hlak. Manipur state quota-a MBBS/BDS Entrace Test thling threnkhat khom kum hni-kum thum an beina a nih. Biology tieng inhnikna neitu hai chun MBBS ni kher lo, hieng a hnuoia course tum tumhai khawm hi inchûk thei a ni a; job prospect um tak tak vawng an nih:
1. BDS (Bachelor in Dental Surgery) 2. BAMS or Bachelor in Ayurveda Medicine and Surgery
3. B. Pharm (Bachelor in Pharmacology) 4. B.Sc (Nursing), etc
Nursing Courses pangngai- GNM le AMN hai inchûk ding khawmin tulai chu Class XII (Science) an hung dit tran ta a; nakie lem chu compulsory la hung ni ngei a tih.
d) Physics, Chemistry le Math major sabjeka neia Class XII zo chun Engineering Course tum tumhaia lût thei a ni bawk. Hi khom hi All India Level-a Entrance Test a ni leiin a olsam bik nawh a. Engineering Course hi a huopzaua kaupeng (branch) tum tum nei a ni leiin dit thlang ding chu a tam lem el thei. Chuong hai laia threnkhat chu:
1. Automobile Engineering 2. Chemical Engineering
3. Civil Engineering 4. Computer Engineering
5. Computer Science and Engineering 6. Electrical Engineering
7. Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering 8. Mechanical Engineering
9. Aeronautical Engineering 10. Bio-Medical, Information Technology Engineering
9. Marine Engineering, etc
5. Professional Courses:
Medical le Engineering line hai bakah hin Class XII pass hai ta dingin Professional Course chi tum tum, mani inhnikna le chemkalna zawng ena inchûk thei a um. Hieng course inchukna a tam lem chu ‘private institution’ an ni tawl lei bakah hlawthling taka an inchûk suok zo le inruolin poisa sum tamtak an lam nghal el thei leiin course fee chu a tlawm nawh. Inhnikna neihai chun mani nu-le-pa le, inchûkna sengso tumtu dinghai sum ngirhmun hriet a thra. Chuong ang course, eini laia ei hriet lar deuhai chu:
1. Fashion Design 2. Food Technology 3. Garment Technology
4. Information Technology 5. Interior Design & Decoration 6. Hotel Management
6. Other Allied Courses:
A chungahai baka khawm hin hieng Major Subjects hnuoia hin Professional Course dang dang a la um nawk ta rawp:
Forensic Science:
1. B.Sc in Forensic Sciences 2. Diploma in F/Sciences (Ballistics and Finger Prints)
3. Diploma in Forensic Science (Cyber Crimes) 4. Diploma in Forensic Science (Computer Forensics)
5. Diploma in Criminology and Forensic Science for Police personnel
Zoology:
1. B.Sc in Zoology and Animal Biotechnology 2. B.Sc in Aquaculture (Fishery Microbiology)
3. B.Sc in Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology
Biotechnology:
1. B.E. in Biotechnology 2. B.Tech (Industrial Biotechnology) 3. Diploma in Biotechnology
4. B. Science in Biotechnology 5. B. Sc in Biotechnology and Bio-informatics
Agriculture:
1. B.Sc (Agriculture Mktg and Business Management) 2. B.Sc (Bio-chem and Agricultural Chemistry)
3. B. Sc in Crop Physiology 4. B. Sc in Entomology
5. B. Sc (Hons) in Agriculture 6. B. Science in Agricultural Eco and Farm Management
7. B. Sc in Agricultural Statistics 8. B. Sc in Agronomy
9. B. Sc in Agricultural Meteorology 10. B. Sc in Agricultural Biotechnology
Geology:
1. B.Sc (Hons) Geology 2. PG Diploma in Geology (Ground water)
3. PG Diploma in Environmental Geology 4. PG Diploma in Engineering Geology 5. B. Science in Geology
Textile:
1. Diploma in Fabrication Tech and Erection Eng 2. B.E in Textile Technology 3. Diploma in Textile Tech
4. Diploma in Textile Eng 5. B.E in Man Made Fiber Technology 6. B.E in Textile Chemistry
Microbiology:
1. Diploma in Clinical Microbiology 2. Diploma in Clinical Pathology 3. B. Science in Microbiology
4. Diploma in Industrial Microbiology 5. B. Science (Hons) in Microbiology
Food Technology:
1. B.Sc in Food Processing and Technology 2. B.Sc in Food Storage, Preservation and Food Tech.
3. B.Sc in Food Technology (Bio-Chem. Engineering) 4. Diploma in Fish Processing Technology
5. Diploma in Sugar Technology 6. B. Sc in Food Preservation and Processing
7. B. Sc in Food Processing Etc.
GRADUATE ZOAH TEH?
Graduate zo chu mi puitling thawkhata ngai an ni ta hlak. Mani sabjek pangngaia Post Graduate Course zom nuomhai chun University-ah Post-Graduate Course tum tum inchûk dingin, ‘entrance test’ fethlengin an lût thei.
A. Competitive Line:
a) Commerce/Arts/Science stream anthawka Graduate-hai ta dinga a ram pum huopa Competitive Exam um chu UPSC in kumtina an buotsai ‘All India Civil Service Exam’ hi a nih. Hi exam hi kum tin Graduate lakh 2 chuongin an pêk hlaka; Preliminary, Mains le Personal Interview chena hlawthling ruok chu mi 1000 chuong met chauh an ni hlak. UPSC bakah hin Staff Selection Commission-in central sorkar hnuoia department tum tum Assistant (officer tho) ding recruitment exam a buotsai hlak a; Railway Recruitment Board-in Railway-a sin tum tuma ding exam a buotsai bawk. Chu khelah chun Banking Service Recruitment Board-in RBI le a hnuoia Bank tum tuma PO dingin recruitment exam an buotsai hlak bawk. Hieng All India Level hai bakah hin state tum tumhaiin anni state puol bika dingin ‘Civil Service Exam’ an buotsai ve hlak bok. State level-a mi hi All India levela mi nek chun a hmu a lo inhoi deu met theia chu mi naran le pangpal thua hmu inbeiseihai ta ding chun chance a um chuong nawh. Hieng exam hai hi a syllabus a zâu leiin ‘hlawthling ding chun mani sabjek el bâkah van khup hnuoia thil po po hriet a ngai’ an tih hlak. Bei tak tak a ngai a nih. All India Civil Service le State Civil Service hi Class XII zoa Medicine tieng lûta MBBS/BDS zohai khomin an exam ve thei a; Engineering course puithling zohai khawma an pek ve thei bawk.
b) Arts/Commerce/Science Graduate hai hin Central Para-Military Service or Police Organisation hnuoiah Competitive Exam pea an hlawthling chun Assistant Commandant direct-in an ni thei a; Combine Defence Service-ah an lut thei bawk.
B. Post-Graduate Courses:
Post-Graduate Course tum tumhai chu kum 2 sûng zenzawn Semester hran hrana threhai an buonthluk ding a nih. Chu zoa inchûk la sunzom nuom chun M. Phill zom thei a nia; M.Phill zoa chun ‘Doctorate Degree’ hmuna dingin Ph.D an sunzom thei pei. M.Phill le Ph.D hai hi formal taka lekha inchûkhai ta dinga a vortawpa ngai thei an nih. Sienkhawm, M.Phill le Ph.D course hai hi PG course final exama ‘mark hmu thra chungchuong le UGC/ICSR haiin kum tin vawi 2 National Eligibility Test an buotsai hlak chu hnesawtaka passed-a Junior Research hmu phakhai ta ding naw chun chance a tam nawh a; ditsaktu thra Professor nei a ngai hle bawk. M.Phill le Ph.D course a chu classroom teaching le exam a um ta nawh a; field study le reports siemin mani themthiemna le remhrietna hmang a ngai ta lem. UGC, HRD Ministry le state government department tum tum hnuoia thla tina Scholarship, Book Grant le Allowances an hmuhai chu sorkara Grade IV sin thawhai thla hlaw nekin a tam lem dei. Thingtlangmi (Scheduled Tribe), M.Phill/Ph.D Research Scholar hai ta dingin JRF an hmu chie naw khawma Rajiv Gandhi National Scholarship hmu thei a nia; JRF hai hmu zat a ni nawa chu intodelna khawp a ni tho.
College le University a zirtirtu (tulai chu College Lecturer hai khom ‘Professor’ tia ko an ni ve tah tho) ni ding chun a chunga ei hril lang NET hi fethleng a ngai a. JRF/SRF hmu hai hi NET hmu pangngaihai neka mark hmu insang lemhai an nih.
Competitive line-a sorkar sin pangngai thaw nuomhai ta ding chun PG Course bei dinga University lût kher a ngai nawh; thaw der lo ding tina a ni nawa chu a sabjek fe dan an ang ta chie nawh ti hriet ding a nih. PG course hi chu inchûkna insang ngaina hrim hrim mi le Higher Secondary, College le University-haia zirtirtu inbeiseihai ta ding bik deua sie chi a nih.
TEACHING AS A CAREER OPTION
Zirtirtu sin hi tienatlang anthawka sin inzaum le mitin hlutsak a nih; zirtirtu ta ding chun an naupang inchûktirhai an thiem theia, hma an sawn thra chun thil ho/nep deu khawm nisien a lung a awiin an tha a fân nghal el hlak. Chuleiin zirtirtu hai hin ‘career satisfaction’ a nei olsam a, midang inhnar rak lo an tam el. Eini laia ei zirtirtu tak anga ei ngai, ‘Private School/College’ haia zirtirtuhai thla hlaw hi a tam nawa chu sorkar le ‘private chain school’ zirtirtuhai hlaw chu insit a um thrak nawh. Sorkar College le University-a zirtirtuhai lem chu India sorkar hnuoia hlaw hau tak laia mi an nih.
Sorkar laipui hnuoia inchûkna le inzawma project hieng – SSA, RMSA, RUSA, RTE, etc hai zâr khawm hin ‘education’ le inzom, sorkar sin tamtak a lan hong pei ding a nih. Sienkhawm, High School level chena zirtirtu ding chun state sorkar-in a buotsai, ‘Teacher Eligibility Test’ an fethleng a ngai tah a; Sawtnawteah lem chu Zirtirtu hrim hrim a dingin B.Ed (Bachelor of Education) degree nei kher a la hung ni ngei ding a nih. Chuleiin, zirtirtu sina inhnikna nei taphawt chun Graduate zo le inruola ‘Full Course B.Ed’ an naw khawma IGNOU le AICTE hrietpui B.Ed college a hai ‘correspondence course’ bek zo ngei ngei chi a nih.
Zirtirtu sin le Education sabjek inhnik hrim hrim mihai chun Class XI anthawk Master Degree le Doctorate Degree chen ‘Education’ sabjek bik hi inchûkin Educational Administrator le Teaching Jobs tamtak inhonghai hmu theina a ni bawk. Tulaia Manipur sorkar in a hung introduce thar ‘Manipur Education Service’ khawm hi Education sabjeka Graduate-hai chauh apply thei a nih.
SOCIAL WORK AS A CAREER OPTION
‘Social Work’ hi tulaia ‘course’ le sin inlar le pawimaw tak laia mi a ni ve tlat. Graduate levela Sociology sabjek la/inchûk (offer) zoa, MSW (Master of Social Work) zo hai ta dingin local/national/international level NGO chi tum tumah thawkna (kamdingna) ding tamtak anhawng mek a. State sorkar le central sorkar hnuoia project/scheme hlui le tharah sin a tam ve hle bawk; a sabjek le sina inhnikna nei mang lo, poisa hlaw ringot beiseihai ta ding lem chun belchieng thlak a ni naw el thei.
Ei hriet zing ding a pawimaw chu tienlai khan chu Civil Service, Medical (Doctor) le Engineer hai chauh hi kamdingna (sorkar sin) lien le hlawthlingna thaa anga ngaina a um a; kha ngaidan indiko kha kha bansan a ngai tah. Tulai khawvel hung inthanglien pei a hin hieng a chunga inchûk ding course ei tarlang hai hi a chungtieng kaina kongah vân char a mi dâltu a um a ni ti hi khawvel ngaidân a ni ta lem a, hausakna, hming inthangna le sin hmu olsamna khom a ni sa bok a nih. Course le Sin hi a thra bik le insâng bik a um hran chuong naw lai zingin a harsat dàn le awlsam dàn chu inang vong kher naw ni a; a pawimaw tak khawm a ni naw bawk.
Chuong lai zinga, inchûklaihai le nu-le-pa hai khawma ei lungrila ei pai ding chu ‘course naran, mi tamtakin an baw le buonhai nêkin mi la thaw mang lo, poimaw le thra si’ ti ni thei sien nuom a um. Ei hril ta angin, ei poisa sum ngirhmun le khawsakna le inphutawk ruok chu buoipui a thra.
HMAR INCHUKLAIHAI BEI TAK TAK EI TIU AW!
DISTICT PAKHAT NEKIN I.A.S. PAKHAT!
AK-47 PAKHAT NEKIN OFFICER PAKHAT!
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* HSA Platinum Jubilee Career Conference Aug. 23, 2014 Ni a Inchuklaihai kuoma Leaflet sem a um chu a nih.
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